This document provides information about fractions including: definitions of proper and improper fractions; representing fractions on a number line; adding and subtracting fractions; and examples of fraction word problems involving finding equivalent fractions, sums, differences, and solving multi-step word problems involving fractions. Key terms like numerator, denominator, proper fraction, improper fraction, mixed number, and equivalent fractions are defined. Steps for adding fractions are outlined.

1. CHAPTER-7
FRACTIONS

2. FRACTION IS A PART OF WHOLE

3. A fraction is number representing a part of a whole.
The whole can be a group of objects or a single
object.
For example, 310 is a fraction and read as three-tenth.
In the fraction, the top number is called the numerator
whereas the bottom number is called the denominator.
In the fraction 310, 3 is the numerator and 10 is the
denominator.
In the above figure, the shaded portion is represented by 26.
Fraction

4. Representation of fractions on the number line
A fraction can be represented on the number
line. Every fraction has a corresponding point on the
number line.
For example,
Consider a fraction 1/2.
1/2 is greater than 0, but less than 1.
Divide the space between 0 and 1 into two equal
parts. We can show one part as the fraction 1/2.
Consider another fraction 1/5.
/ is greater than 0, but less than 1.
Divide the space between 0 and 1 into five equal
parts.
We can show the first part as 15, the second
as 2/5 and the third as 3/5, the fourth as 4/5 and
the fifth part as 55 = 1.

5. Fractions can be classified as proper or
improper. In proper fractions, the
numerator is smaller than the
denominator. In an improper fraction, the
numerator is larger than the denominator.
It is generally considered proper to change
improper fractions to mixed numbers.

6. Proper fraction
Fractions in which the numerator is less than the
denominator are called proper fractions. In a proper
fraction, the number in the denominator shows the
number of parts into which the whole is divided, while
the number in the numerator shows the number of parts
that have been taken.
e.g. 420,320,1020

7. Improper fraction
Fractions in which the numerator is equal
to or bigger than the denominator are
called improper fractions.
e.g. 43, 138, 77

8. LIke fractions
Fractions with the same denominator are said to be like fractions.
e.g. 415, 615, 815
Unlike fractions
Fractions with the different denominators are called unlike fractions.
e.g. 315, 320, 928
Equivalent fractions
Fractions that represent the same part of a whole are said to be equivalent
fractions.
e.g. 12 = 24 = 36 = 48 = 510------
To find an equivalent fraction of a given fraction either multiply both the
numerator and the denominator of the given fraction by the same number other
than zero or divide by their common factor other than 1, if any.
Simplest form of a fraction
A fraction is said to be in its simplest form or in its lowest terms if its numerator
and denominator have no common factor except one. The simplest form of a
given fraction can also be found by dividing its numerator and denominator by its
highest common factor (HCF).

13. There are 3 Simple Steps to add
fractions:
Step 1: Make sure the bottom
numbers are the same (so the
slices are the same size)
Step 2: Add the top numbers. Put
the answer over the same bottom
number.
Step 3: Simplify the fraction (if
needed).

14. "If adding or subtracting is
your aim,
The bottom numbers must be
the same!
♫ "Changing bottom with
multiply or divide,
The same to top must be
applied,
♫ "And don't forget to
simplify,
Before its time to say good
bye"

17. DO THE FOLLOWING
•TAKE OUT THE SUM
•DIFFERENCE
•SIMPLEST FORM
•EQUIVALENT FRACTION
•AFTER SUM MIXED FORM

18. A large box contains 18 small boxes
and each small box contains 25
chocolate bars. How many chocolate
bars are in the large box?

19. it takes John 25 minutes to walk to the car park and
45 min to drive to work. At what time should he get
out of the house in order to get to work at 9:00
a.m.?

20. The fish tanks at the Knox Pet Store each hold
the same amount of water. Emily used 4
7/8pitchers of water to fill 13 tanks. How many
pitchers of water did she pour into each tank?

21. At Johnson High School, 7/8 of the students play
a sport. Of the students who play a sport, 2/5
play football. What fraction of the students at
Johnson High School play football?

22. Of the cakes at Katie's Bakery, 2/3 have chocolate
frosting. Of the cakes with chocolate frosting, 2/3
have raspberry filling. What fraction of the cakes at
Katie's Bakery have both chocolate frosting and
raspberry filling?

23. The penguins at the zoo eat 1 5/6 pounds
of fish each day. The zookeeper bought 14
2/3pounds of fish. For how many days will
the fish last?

24. At the Union Aquarium, 1/2 of the animals are
mammals. Of the mammals, 1/2 are dolphins. What
fraction of the animals at the Union Aquarium are
dolphins?

25. There are 6 1/2 pounds of bricks in a
bag. Each brick weighs 1 5/8 pounds.
How many bricks are in the bag?

26. On Wednesday the farmers at the Taylor Farm picked 5/6 of
a barrel of tomatoes. Thursday, the farmers picked 1/5 as
many tomatoes as on Wednesday. How many barrels of
tomatoes did the farmers pick on Thursday?

27. Emma made 1/2 of a quart of hot chocolate. Each
mug holds 1/6 of a quart. How many mugs will Emma
be able to fill?

28. Now you know
fractions well !!!