There are two types of reports: formal reports and informal reports. Formal reports are used to document experiments, designs, and pass on information formally. They follow a standard format including a front cover, title page, table of contents, abstract, main text with introduction, discussion, and conclusion, and back matter with references, appendix, and glossary. Some examples of formal reports are design reports and business reports. Engineers and scientists write formal reports to document experiments, designs, and provide routine information.

2. Table Of Contents:
• Report
• Types of report
• Formal report
• Types of formal report
• Examples of formal report
• A good report

3. Report:
A report is an extract that provides
information; that helps in decisions on
crucial matters

4. Types Of Report:
There are two types of report
1. Formal Report
2. Informal Report

5. Inforamal Report:
Informal report is also known as short
report. This type of report may range from
a single page to several pages. Usually it
is presented in the form of letter or
memorandum addressed to a person or
persons at whose instructions the report is
made.

6. Formal Report:
"A formal report (Long report) is used to
document the results of an experiment, a
design, or to pass on any type of information in
a formal style. When writing a formal report it is
important to ensure good English use and to
follow the correct format. A formal report that
has been done correctly will leave the reader
understanding what has been done, why it was
done, and the conclusion on what was done."

7. Engineers and scientists write formal reports
for many reasons like:
• Documentation of experiment
• Designs

8. OCCASIONS FOR USE
• To say how a task or project is
progressing
• To say that a task or project is finished
• To provide routine information - admin,
sales figures
• After a conference, meeting, presentation
• To examine a problem

9. Sections of Formal Report
Formal reports are split into different
sections. One way to group these sections
in terms of
• front matter
• main text
• back matter.

10. Front matter:
The front matter to a formal report includes
the preliminary information that orients
all readers to the content of the report.
1. Front cover
2. Title page
3. Contents page
4. Abstract

11. • Front cover:
The front cover is what people see first. When the
Report sits flat on a desk, the front cover is in view.
• Title page:
This should be short, but precise, and convey the point
of the report. It could be either a statement or a
question.
• Contents page:
The table of contents includes the name of all headings
& subheadings for the main text
• Abstract:
The abstract is the mini version of what the whole report
will entail. The abstract covers everything that is in the
report but in a short format.

12. Main text:
The text portion of your formal report
contains the introduction, discussion &
conclusion of your report. Begin all major
headings on a new page.
1. Discussion
2. Conclusion
3. The Recommendations

13. • Discussion:
The discussion is actually the body of your report. This
is where you will elaborate on what your introduction
has stated and provide all the statistics, research, or
supporting information to back up your findings which
you reported in the introduction.
• Conclusion:
The conclusion section analyzes for the most important
results from the discussion & evaluates those results in
the context of the entire work.
• The Recommendations:
The recommendations outline what you believe needs
to occur based on your research, your findings, and
your conclusion.

14. Back matter:
The back matter portion of your report
contains your appendices, glossary &
references. The back matter portion
usually begins on the page following the
conclusion.
1. References
2. The Appendix
3. Glossary

15. • References:
Use reference page to list alphabetically the references
of your report.
• The Appendix:
In this section of the report list all of the documents
that you refer to in your report. We recommend
numbering the references sequentially in the text, in
their order of appearance, and listing them in the
same order in the references section.
• Glossary:
Use glossary to define terms for secondary readers.
Arrange terms in alphabetical order. Use italics or
underlined to key readers to term that the glossary will
define.

16. Types Of Reports:
There are different type of reports for
different purposes. The most common
are:
• Technical evaluation report
• Technical specification report
• Technical information report
• Research finding report
• Technical recommendation report

17. Technical Evaluation Report:
The purpose of technical evaluation report is to
present the necessary technical evaluation
information in a logical way.
Some examples of technical evaluation reports
are:
• Evaluation of new computer aided design tool
• Evaluation of suitability of a new metrical in a
manufacture turning process
• Evaluation of automotive product roadmap from
various technical considerations

18. Technical Specification Report:
In this report type, you discuss some new product
design in terms of its construction, materials,
functions, features, operation, and market
potential.
Some examples are:
• Technical specification for consumer appliances
• Technical specification for components
• Technical specification for soft wares

19. Technical Information Report:
The main objective of simple technical information
report is to explain technical subject clearly.
Examples of such reports are:
• Reports on the internal workings of an
ultrasound system
• Reports explaining the two different video
formats & standards
• Reports dealing the complex reaction of two
chemical substances

20. Research Finding Report:
A research finding report summarizes the
outcome of extensive research.
Examples of such report are:
• Report summarizing the most recent research
finding related to behavior of new dielectric
material
• Report that provide the findings of a research on
improvement in the efficiency of the internal
combustion process

21. Technical Recommendation
Reports
Technical recommendation reports provide very
specific recommendations to those associated
with the decision making process.
Some examples are:
• Report summarizing a product failure situation &
recommending steps to alleviate issues
• Reports recommending structural modification
needed to handle overload

22. Examples Of Formal Report
Some formal reports are
• Design reports
• Business reports

23. FORMAL REPORT
• Engineers and scientists write formal reports
for many reasons, including the documentation
of experiments and designs.
• As an engineer or scientist working on the
design of an airplane seat, you might write
several formal reports. One formal report might
propose a new design for the seat. A second
formal report might update the progress on the
construction of a test seat. Yet another formal
report might document tests performed on the

24. A GOOD REPORT
• Is about one clearly defined subject
• Is accurate and up to date
• Includes everything the reader needs to know
• Omits irrelevant information
• Is easy to read and understand
• Is clearly presented
• Follows the required format
• Is written in a concise and simple style
• Is well organized and logical in its structure
• Does not contain too much jargon or technical
detail