This document provides an overview of archetypal literary theory and examples of its application. It discusses how archetypes are recurring patterns found across different cultures' mythology, religion, and storytelling. Carl Jung first applied the concept of archetypes to literature. Examples of common archetypes discussed include the hero archetype. The document also presents information on Ernest Hemingway's writing style and code hero archetype through analyzing his short story "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place."

1. AMERICN
HEROES

2. LITERARYTHEORY:
ARCHETYPAL

3. What is Literary
Theory?
Literarytheoryasksyouto
examineliteraturefroma
differentviewpoint,usually
quitedifferentthanyour own.
To do this, you have to be
open- minded and objective,
willing to step outside of
your comfort zone.
In other words, different
literary theories ask you to
put on different pairs of
glasses through which to see
what you read, and in
general, the world around
you.

4. Archetypal Literary
Theory
• An archetypeis arecurringpattern
of images,situations,orsymbols
foundin the
mythology, folklore, fantasies, reli
gion, art, literature, and dreams of
culturesaroundthe world.
Carl Jung (pronounced „yoong‟), a
psychologist and student of Sigmund
Freud, first applied the term archetype
to literature.

5. Archetypal Literary
Theory
Recognizing archetypesin literature
bringsthesepatternsthatwe all
unconsciouslyrespondtoin similar
ways toaconsciouslevel.
For example, the heroarchetypeis
present in a vast array of
mythologies and cultures from
past to present time. We all know
what a hero is, and we can all
connect to that idea.

6. Brainstorming
Session
Please spot a “far partner”
across the room from you
and go sit by that person.
You will need something
to write with.

7. Character Archetypes (10
minutes)
This chart asks you to come
up with examples from
movies, TV, literature, comics,
etc
. of various character
archetypes.
Be ready to share!

8. Hero Archetypes (10
minutes)
1. Hero as Warrior
2. Hero as Lover
3. Hero as Scapegoat
4. Transcendent Hero
5. Romantic/Gothic
Hero
6. Proto-Feminist Hero
7. Apocalyptic Hero
8. Anti-Hero
9. Defiant Anti-Hero
10. The Unbalanced
Hero

9. ERNEST
HEMINGWAY
Icebergs,
Heroes,
and Nada

10. from Fight
Club
Narrator: If you could fight
any celebrity, who would
you fight? Tyler: Alive or
dead?
Narrator:Doesn't matter,
who'd be tough?
Tyler:Hemingway. You?
Narrator:Shatner. I'd
fight William Shatner.

11. POSTMODERNISM
1940s- TODAY
Puritanism
1472 -
1750
Rationalism
1750 -
1800
Romanticism
1820 - 1860

Transcendentalism
1830 - 1860
Realism

Naturalism

Regionalism
1860 -
1920
Imagism
1912 -
1927
The Harlem
Renaissance
1920 -
1935
TheLost
Generatio
n 1920 -
1930
MODERNISM
1900-1940s
American Literary
Movements

12. Ernest Hemingway (1899-
1961)
Hemingway was born in
Oak Park, Illinois.
He was a journalist (1917),
then a volunteer ambulance
driver and active duty soldier
(1918) during WWI.
In 1921,hemarriedthefirstof his
fourwives and left theU.S.tojoin
the growing band of artists and
writerswho were gathering in
Paris.

13. Ernest
Hemingway

14. The Lost
Generation
This namewasgiven toagroupof
authorsandartistswhocameof age
during WWI.
The phrase was coined by writer
Gertrude Stein. She told Ernest
Hemingway, “That is what you are.
That is what you all are. You are a lost
generation.”
This group included The Great Gatsby
author F. Scott Fitzgerald and T.S.
Eliot, the author of “The Love Song

15. “Indian
Camp”
Characters:
◦ Nick Adams
◦ Uncle George
◦ Nick‟s father/the
doctor
◦ Indian Man
◦ Indian Woman

16. Hemingway‟s Code
Hero
Hemingway defined the
Code Heroas"amanwho
lives correctly,following the
ideals of honor,courageand
endurancein aworldthatis
sometimeschaotic,often
stressful,andalwayspainful."

17. Code Hero
Attributes
1. Heisdisciplined.
He chooses to live a
very structured life
amidst a chaotic
world.
2.Heactswithoutemotion.
Heis adoer,notatalker.
Hedoesn’t bragabouthis
accomplishments.
3.Hedesireswomenand
alcohol.
These indulges
especially occur at night
to counteract the fear of

18. Code Hero
Attributes
4.Heis oftenafraidof the
dark.
The dark reminds him
of death.
5.Hefacesdeath
valiantly.
He faces death with
dignity because that is
the only guarantee a
hero can hope for.
6.Hedoesnotbelieve in
an afterlife.
He believes in Nada,
the Spanish word for
“nothing.”

19. Apprentice
Heroes
In Hemingway stories, code
heroes are those characters
who have recognized and
accepted the reality of nada
and who live in compliance
with the code.
Apprenticeheroesarethose
characterswhoareeither

20. Literary Term:
Style
Styleis theliterary
elementthat
describestheways
thattheauthoruses
words.

21. Hemingway‟s
Style
Hemingway’s style consists of:
1. simplicity – His sentences and
vocabulary are short and sparse,
even though they deal with
important issues.
2. reporting– He presents sensory
details to the reader as facts, just
as a newspaper reports the facts
in a story.
3. understating– He employs the
“iceberg principle” by revealing
only 1/8 of the story and

22. Hemingway
vs. Fitzgerald
Style Cage
Match
With a partner, take a look at
the excerpts on “Being at a
Party.”
THINK-PAIR-SHARE:
1. Read each excerpt.
2. Whose artistic style do you like
better?
3. Why? Try to put your thoughts

23. “A Clean, Well-Lighted
Place”
This story was
published in
1933.
Characters:
◦ old, deaf man who
is drinking at the
café
◦ young waiter
who hates
working

24. “A Clean, Well-Lighted
Place”
Your task:
1. Read this short story independently.
2. While you read, annotate (mark
and label) your story for the
following items:
a) The 6 Attributes of
Hemingway‟s Code Hero
b) The 4 Attributes of
Hemingway‟s Writing Style
3. Turn in your packet of stories when
you are finished with your name on

25. Quote
Incorporation
In academic writing, you
will often use another
person‟s
writing as
evidence/support in your
own writing.
This helps to prove your
topic sentence to be true

26. Quote Incorporation
Formula
Usethesandwichmethod!
Sentence1:Introduce the quote
with sufficient context.
Who is speaking? To whom?
What is the situation in which Mr. X
is speaking?
Sentence2:Insert the quote word
for word, then use an internal
citation.
Sentence3:Explain how the

27. Paragraph
Prompt
Which element of
Hemingway‟s code
hero is most apparent
in “A Clean Well-
Lighted Place”?

28. My Topic
Sentence
Ernest Hemingway
uses his short story, “A
Clean Well-Lighted
Place” to illustrate his
code hero‟s fear of the
dark.

29. Your
Turn
1. Write your topic sentence.
2. Find a direct quote from the
story that provides support for
your topic sentence. Underline
it, so you can easily find it.

30. My Quote
Sandwich
Ernest Hemingway uses his
short story, “A Clean Well-
Lighted Place” to illustrate his
code hero‟s fear of the dark. The
old waiter wantstokeep thecafé
openlate intothenight.He
explains,“Each night Iamreluctant
tocloseup becausetheremaybe
someone whoneedsthecafé”
(Hemingway 290).This statement
provesthatthe olderwaiter
understandstheneed forsomemen

31. Your
Turn
3. After the topic sentence,
write a sentence that
effective introduces your
quote with sufficient
context.
4. Copy down the quote with
an internal citation.
5. After the direct quote, write
a sentence that explains

32. Quote Incorporation Proficiency
Scale
4 Along with 3, in response to the given topic, the student
uses precise internal documentation for his/her direct
quote.
3 In response to the given topic, independently, the
student is able to seamlessly incorporate a direct
quote that effectively supports/explains his/her topic
sentence.
2 In response to the given topic, the student is
able to incorporate a direct quote but without
a smooth introduction and/or a proper
connection to the topic sentence.
1 In response to the given topic, with help, the
student is unable to incorporate a direct quote.
0 Even with help, no understanding of quote
incorporation is demonstrated.

33. Hemingway vs.
Twain Style Cage
Match
Now, let‟s take a look at the
excerpts on “Being on a
Body of Water.”
THINK-PAIR-SHARE:
1. Read each excerpt.
2. Whose artistic style do you
like better?
3. Why? Try to put your thoughts
into words.

34. The Iceberg
Principle
“I always try to
write on the
principle of the
iceberg. There is
seven-eighths of
it under water
for every part
that shows.
Anything you

35. “This Is Just To Say”
by William Carlos
Williams
I have
eaten the
plums
that were
in the
icebox
and which
you were
probably saving
for breakfast

36. “Hills Like White
Elephants”
The story takesplaceatatrain
stationin theEbroRivervalley
of Spain.
The two main characters
are a man (only referred to
as “the American” and
his female
companion (referred to as

37. Allusion: White
Elephant
An allusion is abrief
referencetoanotherpieceof
literature, historical
event,etc.Theauthor
assumesthatthereaderwill
get the reference.
A white elephantis an
idiomforavaluable but
burdensomepossessionof
which its owner cannot
dispose and whose cost
(particularly cost of
upkeep) is out of
proportion to its
usefulness or worth.

38. The Iceberg
Principle
What does
Hemingwa
y keep
underwate
r
in this

39. Symbolism of the
Setting

40. SONG OF SOLOMON
BY TONI MORRISON

41. The fathers may
soar
And the children
may

42. Literary Term:
Epigraph
An epigraphis asuitable
quotationatthebeginning of
thebook,chapter,etc.
Epigraphs are like little
appetizers to the great
entrée of a story. They
illuminate important
aspects of the

43. Unit
Goal
Students will be able
to identify multiple
themes in a text and
summarize their
development
throughout the
progression of the

44. Literary Term:
Folktale
A folktale is ataleorlegend
traditionalamongapeople(or
folk),onethatbecomespartof
theoraltraditionof those
people.

45. “The People Could
Fly”
Song of Solomon is basedon
thisAfrican-Americanfolktale
aboutslaveswhocanfly back
toAfrica whenthey choose.
Morrisonfictionalizes this
folktale throughthecharacter
of Solomon,thetitle character.
Let‟s read the folktale

46. Literary Term: Magical
Realism
Magical Realism
is agenreof
writingthatasks
thereaderto
accept
extraordinary
eventsas
normal.

47. Literary Term:
Setting
The setting of aworkof
literatureis thetimeand place.
This novelis setin anunnamed
city in Michigan(Detroit?) from
1931-1963.
Detroit, Michigan
(1950)

48. Literary Term:
Protagonist
A protagonistis thecentral
characterin aworkof
literature.Theplotrevolves
around him/her.
Ourprotagonistis Milkman
Dead,thegreat-grandsonof the
title character, Solomon.

49. Ch. 1 of Song of
Solomon
Ch. 1 throws you deliberately
into the thick of Milkman‟s
world without a lot of deep
explanation from the narrator.
Let‟s read p. 3-9 of Ch. 1
together.
DO NOW:Draw a picture of
the scene outside the
hospital. Be sure to include all
of the important (nameless?)

50. Homework for
Monday
1. Finish reading Ch. 1 of
Songof Solomon.
2. Answer the questions
for points.

51. Literary Term: Point-of-
View
Point-of-view dealswith whom
narratesastory.
1. Omniscient– the narrator is
not a character in the story
and almost never refers to
himself or herself directly
2. First-person– the narrator is a
character in the story who
talks to the readers using the
pronoun „I‟
3. Third-person limited – the
narrator zooms in on one

52. Point-of-
View
Third-PersonLimited
Omniscient
The narratorgetsintothe
mindsof all of the characters—
he/sheis “all knowing”—but is
mostlyinterestedin one
character: Milkman.

53. Literary Term:
Theme
Theme#1:Flightis ameansof
escapebutalsoabandonment.

54. Literary Term:
Theme
Theme#2:Namesareimportant.
Morrison is very particular
about her characters‟ names.
Many of them are biblical
allusions or Greek mythology
allusions.
Many of her characters share
personality traits with the
characters they share their