Formal commands
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The document discusses formal commands in Spanish. Formal commands use subjunctive verb forms and imply the speaker wants the listener to do something. Formal commands are used with usted/ustedes for a formal "you". The chart shows how to conjugate regular verbs into the subjunctive form for formal commands like "hable" (speak) and "coma" (eat). Irregular verbs like "dar" also have irregular command forms like "dé". Examples demonstrate forming affirmative, negative, and pronoun-attached commands in Spanish like "No llegue tarde" (Don't arrive late) and "Tráiganmelo" (Bring it to me).
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18 formal commands
Formal commands in Spanish are based on subjunctive verb forms and imply trying to influence the listener to do something. They distinguish between formal (usted/ustedes) and informal (tu/vosotros) address. As with the subjunctive, six verbs (dar, ir, ser, haber, estar, saber) are irregular in the formal command form. Examples are given of affirmative and negative formal commands using regular and irregular verbs, as well as how object pronouns are used with commands.
Informal commands
The document provides information about forming commands in Spanish (los mandatos) directed at tú or an informal second person. It discusses:
1) Regular affirmative tú commands have the same form as the third-person singular of the present indicative.
2) Negative tú commands use the subjunctive form of the verb.
3) Some common verbs like tener, decir, venir, etc. have irregular affirmative command forms. The document provides a chart of the irregular forms.
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The document discusses tú commands in Spanish. It states that regular affirmative tú commands have the same form as the third-person singular of the present indicative. Regular negative tú commands use the subjunctive form of the verb. Irregular verbs like tener, venir, and decir also have irregular affirmative tú command forms. Object pronouns can be added to tú commands, either after affirmative commands or before negative commands.
Affirmative tu-commands
This document discusses how to form affirmative commands in Spanish using tú forms. To make an affirmative command, take the tú form of the present tense verb and drop the -s. Some common verbs like poner, tener, and decir use the yo form instead. Verbs like hacer, ser, and ir have irregular tú command forms. Reflexive verbs take the reflexive pronoun as part of the command.
Mandatos formales-e-informales chart
This document provides instructions for forming affirmative and negative commands in Spanish (los mandatos). It explains that affirmative tú commands use the él/ella form of the verb, while negative tú commands use the usted form with "s" added and "no" before the verb. Usted commands are formed by conjugating the verb to the yo form and changing the ending. A chart is then provided showing how to conjugate common verbs into the various command forms.
Affirmative TúCommands
The document discusses affirmative commands for the informal "tú" form in Spanish. It states that these commands are formed using the third person form of the present tense verb. It provides examples of common verbs and notes that some like "poner", "tener", "decir", "salir", and "venir" drop the "-go" ending from the "yo" form. Verbs like "hacer", "ser", and "ir" have irregular command forms. Pronouns can be attached to commands with an accent mark in most cases.
Informal commands
This document discusses informal commands (commands given to friends and family) in Spanish. It covers affirmative and negative commands using the informal "tu" form of verbs. It provides examples of regular and irregular verb conjugations in the affirmative and negative tu commands. It also includes practice problems translating affirmative and negative tu commands into English.
Informal commands
This document provides instruction on forming informal commands in Spanish. It discusses the forms for affirmative and negative commands using tú forms for singular informal commands. It also covers irregular verbs and commands with object pronouns. The key points are:
- Affirmative commands drop the -s and use the verb stem. Negative commands use the verb stem and add the opposite ending.
- Verbs ending in -car, -gar or -zar have spelling changes in the negative.
- Irregular verbs like venir, decir, salir and hacer have unique affirmative commands.
- Reflexive verbs attach the object pronoun to affirmative commands and place it before the verb in negatives.
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18 formal commands
Formal commands in Spanish are based on subjunctive verb forms and imply trying to influence the listener to do something. They distinguish between formal (usted/ustedes) and informal (tu/vosotros) address. As with the subjunctive, six verbs (dar, ir, ser, haber, estar, saber) are irregular in the formal command form. Examples are given of affirmative and negative formal commands using regular and irregular verbs, as well as how object pronouns are used with commands.
Informal commands
The document provides information about forming commands in Spanish (los mandatos) directed at tú or an informal second person. It discusses:
1) Regular affirmative tú commands have the same form as the third-person singular of the present indicative.
2) Negative tú commands use the subjunctive form of the verb.
3) Some common verbs like tener, decir, venir, etc. have irregular affirmative command forms. The document provides a chart of the irregular forms.
19 tú commands
The document discusses tú commands in Spanish. It states that regular affirmative tú commands have the same form as the third-person singular of the present indicative. Regular negative tú commands use the subjunctive form of the verb. Irregular verbs like tener, venir, and decir also have irregular affirmative tú command forms. Object pronouns can be added to tú commands, either after affirmative commands or before negative commands.
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This document discusses how to form affirmative commands in Spanish using tú forms. To make an affirmative command, take the tú form of the present tense verb and drop the -s. Some common verbs like poner, tener, and decir use the yo form instead. Verbs like hacer, ser, and ir have irregular tú command forms. Reflexive verbs take the reflexive pronoun as part of the command.
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The document discusses affirmative commands for the informal "tú" form in Spanish. It states that these commands are formed using the third person form of the present tense verb. It provides examples of common verbs and notes that some like "poner", "tener", "decir", "salir", and "venir" drop the "-go" ending from the "yo" form. Verbs like "hacer", "ser", and "ir" have irregular command forms. Pronouns can be attached to commands with an accent mark in most cases.
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This document discusses informal commands (commands given to friends and family) in Spanish. It covers affirmative and negative commands using the informal "tu" form of verbs. It provides examples of regular and irregular verb conjugations in the affirmative and negative tu commands. It also includes practice problems translating affirmative and negative tu commands into English.
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This document provides instruction on forming informal commands in Spanish. It discusses the forms for affirmative and negative commands using tú forms for singular informal commands. It also covers irregular verbs and commands with object pronouns. The key points are:
- Affirmative commands drop the -s and use the verb stem. Negative commands use the verb stem and add the opposite ending.
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1. Conditional and irregular conditional forms, perfect tenses including present, past, and present perfect irregular verbs, and the subjunctive perfect tense.
2. The uses of tanto y tan, the impersonal 'se' construction, and the differences between saber and conocer.
3. How to form the formal commands, affirmative and negative formal commands including pronoun placement, and informal commands including irregular verbs and pronoun placement.
4. How to form commands using the 'nosotros' pronoun, verbs that are irregular in the subjunctive, and common subjunctive triggers
Direct commands in spanish
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2) Formation of commands differs based on subjects "tú", "vosotros", "usted", and "ustedes". Affirmative tú commands are like the third person singular present indicative form while negative tú commands use the subjunctive. Vosotros commands drop the infinitive "-r" and add "-d". Formal commands are
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2. Uses of the word "para" including to indicate purpose or destination.
3. Indirect object pronouns like me, te, le that can precede verbs or attach to infinitives and gerunds.
4. Placement of object pronouns before conjugated verbs or attached to infinitives, progressive tenses, or commands.
5. The verb "gustar" which follows an indirect object pronoun and means "to like."
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Ordinal numbers
This document discusses ordinal numbers in Spanish. It provides the Spanish ordinal numbers from primero/a (first) to décimo/a (tenth) and explains how they are used to indicate order or sequence. It notes that ordinal numbers above décimo/a are rarely used, and cardinal numbers are typically used instead. The document also demonstrates how the ordinal numbers are used with nouns and as pronouns, and provides examples of their usage.
Subjunctive with Impersonal Expressions
This document discusses the use of the present subjunctive with impersonal expressions in Spanish. It provides examples of common impersonal expressions used with que + subjunctive, such as es importante, es necesario, and es mejor. These expressions are followed by que and a subjunctive verb to indicate influencing another's actions. If no specific person is mentioned, the infinitive is used without que.
Commands
The document summarizes the different types of commands in Spanish, including formal commands (used with usted/ustedes), familiar commands (used with tú), vosotros commands (used in Spain), nosotros commands (including yourself and others), and indirect commands (using que + verb in the third-person subjunctive). It provides details on how to conjugate the affirmative and negative forms of commands for different subjects and pronouns.
Nosotros commands imperative
El documento explica el uso del imperativo de la primera persona del plural (nosotros) en español. Se puede usar la forma del presente del subjuntivo para expresar que varias personas, incluyendo el hablante, hagan algo juntos (e.g. "¡Tengamos una fiesta mañana!"). También se puede usar la construcción "ir a" más el infinitivo, aunque esta forma larga es más común (e.g. "¡Vamos a tener una fiesta mañana!"). La negación siempre usa el subjuntivo (e.g. "¡No tengamos una fiest
Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns
This document discusses Spanish demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. It provides examples of their usage based on distance from the speaker and listener. The key terms are:
- Este/esta, estos/estas refer to things that are close to the speaker.
- Ese/esa, esos/esas refer to things that are close to the listener.
- Aquel/aquella, aquellos/aquellas refer to things that are far from both speaker and listener.
- Éste/ésta, éstos/éstas, ése/ésa, ésos/ésas, aquél/aquélla, aquéllos/
Possessive adjectives
This document provides an overview of possessive adjectives in Spanish. It introduces the different forms of possessive adjectives based on whether the noun they modify is masculine or feminine, singular or plural. It also distinguishes two-form adjectives that only agree in number from four-form adjectives that agree in both number and gender. Examples are provided to demonstrate the use of possessive adjectives in sentences. The document also discusses the alternative prepositional form using "de" to indicate possession.
Present tense of regular er and -ir verbs
1) The document discusses verbs in the present tense in Spanish, focusing on the second (-er) and third (-ir) conjugations.
2) It provides examples of common -er verbs like aprender (to learn), beber (to drink), and comer (to eat) and -ir verbs like abrir (to open), decidir (to decide), and escribir (to write).
3) The fundamental parts of verbs are explained as the infinitive, ending, and stem, and conjugations are shown for each person and number based on the stem.
Nouns and articles
1) Nouns in Spanish are classified as either masculine or feminine. Masculine nouns typically end in o, í, ú or consonants while feminine nouns typically end in a, ad, ción, or sión.
2) Definite articles (el, la, los, las) refer to specific nouns while indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas) refer to non-specific nouns.
3) Spanish pluralizes nouns differently than English. Most nouns are made plural by adding -s, but some are made plural by adding -es if they end in a consonant, z, or stressed vowel. Adjectives follow the same plural
Infinitive or Subjunctive (querer que)
El documento explica que frases como "buscar que", "querer que" u "necesitar que" se usan con el subjuntivo cuando introducen algo que no se conoce con certeza. También se usa el subjuntivo con expresiones que preguntan sobre algo que puede no existir, como "hay que", "conocer que" o "tener que".
Impersonal constructions with se
The document discusses the impersonal use of "se" in Spanish. It is used to talk about something without mentioning a specific person or agent. Some examples of impersonal constructions with "se" provided are "Se dice que hay oro al final del arco iris" (It is said that there is gold at the end of the rainbow) and "¿Aquí se permite fumar?" (Is smoking permitted here?). Additionally, "se" can be used with the third-person singular or plural form of a verb as a substitute for the passive voice in Spanish, where the agent is not mentioned.
Irregular verbs in the preterit 2
Manolo y yo tuvimos suerte al poder comprar boletos para un concierto de Millie Corretjer en Mayagüez. Llegamos temprano al estadio y encontramos buenos asientos. Durante el concierto, todo el mundo aplaudió y bailamos hasta medianoche, cuando Millie decidió dejar de cantar. Después, anduvimos a casa recordando la emoción de esa noche.
The preterit of -ir stem-changing verbs
Este documento describe los verbos de cambio radical en -ir en el pretérito. Explica que estos verbos cambian su raíz solo en las terceras personas del singular y plural. Se dividen en tres tipos dependiendo de la letra que cambia en la raíz: tipo 1 cambia o a ue/u, tipo 2 cambia e a ie/i, y tipo 3 cambia e a i. Además, explica que los verbos que cambian i a y solo lo hacen en las terceras personas del singular y plural.
Present Tense of Stem Changing Verbs
There are three types of stem-changing verbs in Spanish that undergo changes in the present tense conjugation:
1) e to ie verbs like entender and pensar
2) e to i verbs like servir
3) o to ue verbs like almorzar
The verbs querer and preferir are examples of stem-changing verbs that can be used to express desires and preferences toward things, people, or activities followed by an infinitive. Another useful stem-changing verb is pensar, which can mean "to think," "to think about," or "to plan to" something when followed by an infinitive.
Adverbs ending in mente
El documento presenta información sobre la formación de adverbios en español terminados en "-mente". Explica que muchos adverbios se forman agregando el sufijo "-mente" al adjetivo correspondiente, equivalente a la terminación "-ly" en inglés. Da ejemplos de adverbios formados de esta manera y señala algunas excepciones como los adjetivos que terminan en "o", donde esta letra cambia a "a" antes de agregar el sufijo. También menciona que cuando hay una serie de adverbios juntos en una oración, solo se agrega
Por or Para
The document summarizes the differences between the Spanish prepositions "por" and "para". Para indicates destination, goal, or limit of time/space. It is very directional. Por indicates approximate direction or time, duration, motive, exchange, or means. It is less direct than para. While both can translate to "for" in English, they have distinct uses and meanings in Spanish sentences.
Comparisons of equality
The document discusses comparisons of equality in Spanish using "tan" and "tanto". It provides examples of their use with adjectives and adverbs using "tan...como" and with verbs using "tanto...como". While "tanto" is an adverb when used with verbs, it can also function as an adjective agreeing in gender and number with the noun it modifies, taking the forms of "tanto", "tanta", "tantos", or "tantas".
Reflexive constructions, pronouns and verbs
Reflexive constructions in Spanish are used to describe actions done to oneself, such as daily activities like bathing, getting dressed, and feeling emotions. The reflexive pronouns are attached to infinitives or conjugated verbs. For example, "Clara se seca y se viste después de bañarse" means "Clara dries herself off and gets dressed after bathing herself." Reflexive pronouns can also express reciprocal actions between people, like in "Los novios se hablan por teléfono" which means "The lovers talk to each other on the phone."
Conditional perfect
The conditional perfect tense in Spanish is formed with the conditional of the auxiliary verb haber plus the past participle. It is used to express an action that would or should have occurred but did not. Examples are provided of using the conditional perfect to talk about things that would have happened, like seeing a drama or recording a program, but did not due to other choices or lack of resources.
Future Perfect
The document discusses the formation and use of the future perfect tense in Spanish. The future perfect is formed using the future tense of the verb "haber" plus the past participle. It is used to refer to actions that will be completed by a specific time in the future. Examples are provided to illustrate asking about actions that will have happened by a certain time in the future.
Pluperfect indicative
The document discusses the pluperfect tense (el pluscuamperfecto) in Spanish. It explains that the pluperfect tense is a compound tense formed with the imperfect tense of haber (to have) plus the past participle. It provides examples of conjugations in the pluperfect tense. It also notes that the pluperfect tense describes an action that occurred prior to another past action or event. Examples are provided to illustrate how the pluperfect tense places an action further in the past compared to other past tenses.
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Formal commands
- 1. Formal Commands (Los mandatos formales)
- 2. Formal Commands We use commands to give instructions or to ask people to do things. In Spanish, commands have different forms to distinguish between formal (usted/ustedes) and informal (tú/vosotros) address. Formal commands use subjunctive forms, with the implied meaning that the speaker is trying to influence the listener to do something.
- 3. Por favor, Juan, hable Ud. español. Commands are used (both politely and otherwise) to persuade others to do our bidding. We are trying to get Juan to do something that we want him to do. Formal Commands Juan, Ud. habla bien el francés. We might make a simple statement to communicate a fact. Juan speaks French well, so we tell him so. It’s very nice that Juan speaks French, but we are in Madrid! So we tell him . . .
- 4. As mentioned, formal commands are based on subjunctive forms. Notice the following chart: Formal Commands Infinitive Subjunctive Formal commands hablar pensar comer saber escribir ir pedir Ud. Uds. hable piense coma sepa escriba vaya pida hable piense coma sepa escriba vaya pida hablen piensen coman sepan escriban vayan pidan
- 5. Dar Ir Ser Haber Estar Saber dé, den vaya, vayan sea, sean haya, hayan esté, estén sepa, sepan Of course, the same six (DISHES) verbs are irregular with command forms as they are in the subjunctive. Formal Commands
- 6. Despida a ese empleado, Sr. Ruiz. Formal Commands Hable con su gerente. Following are examples of formal commands: Speak to your manager. Fire that employee, Mr. Ruiz. Salgan pronto de la oficina. Leave the office soon. Piensen antes de hablar. Think before speaking.
- 7. No asciendan a todos los empleados. Formal Commands No llegue tarde. Negative commands are formed by placing no in front of the command form. Don’t arrive late. Don’t promote all of the employees.
- 8. No griten ustedes en el trabajo. Formal Commands Piense usted. Subject pronouns may be used with commands for emphasis or clarification. As a rule, they are placed after the verb. You think. Don’t you shout at work.
- 9. Tráiganmelo, por favor. Formal Commands ¡Váyase de aquí! Object pronouns follow and are attached to affirmative commands and precede negative commands. Leave here! Bring it to me, please. No se levante, señorita. Don’t get up, miss. No se lo den al jefe. Don’t give it to the boss. Affirmative commands with pronouns attached require a written accent.
- 10. FIN