The document discusses biopolymer interactions, detailing various binding processes in biological cells, including covalent and non-covalent bonds. Key forces such as electrostatic, hydrophobic, van der Waals, and hydrogen bonding are examined, illustrating their importance in structures like DNA and proteins. Additionally, it highlights a new technology for encapsulating hydrophobic products using biopolymer bodies in E. coli.

2. (A) WHAT IS BIOPOLYMER INTERACTION? DESCRIBE
VARIOUSTYPES OF BINDING PROCESS IN BIOLOGICAL
CELL.
(B) DISCUSSTHE BIOPOLYMER INTERACTION INTERMS OF
THE FOLLOWING: 10
(I) ELECTROSTATIC FORCE
(II) HYDROPHOBIC FORCES
(III) DISPERSION-FORCE INTERACTION
(IV) HYDROGEN BONDING

5. 1. COVALENT BOND

6. COVALENT BOND IN BIOPOLYMER

7. 2. NON – COVALENT BONDS

8. A. IONIC / ELECTROSTATIC FORCE

9. ELECTROSTATIC FORCE IN BIOPOLYMER
 Example, the electrostatic attraction between the + and - ends of a polar covalent N-H bond
δ δ
allows for hydrogen bonding and base pairing within the DNA double helix.

10. B. VANDER WAALS FORCE
 ▪︎named after Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals
 fundamental part of many fields, including polymer science, supramolecular
chemistry, and structural biology
 ▪︎
These interactions are distance – dependent and can occur between atoms or
molecules.
 VDW interactions are weaker than other molecular interactions, usually having
an energy range of 4–8 kJ /mole

11. TYPES OFVANDER WAALS FORCE

12. VANDER WAALS FORCE IN BIOPOLYMER
 (A) Clay has a layered structure that is held together by van der Waals interactions.
 (B) Dopamine monomers intercalate into the space between the nanoclay layers.

13. VANDER WAALS FORCE IN BIOPOLYMER
 (C) Protein structure: Van der Waals interactions can help hold proteins together and stabilize
their structure.

14. C. LONDON / DISPERSION FORCE

15. D. HYDROGEN BOND

16. H- BONDING IN BIOPOLYMER

17. E. HYDROPHOBIC FORCE
 Hydrophobic interactions are the relationship between water and nonpolar molecules, or
hydrophobes, that have low water solubility.
 We report a new technology for encapsulating hydrophobic products by using biopolymer bodies
in E. coli.

18. HYDROPHOBIC FORCES IN BIOPOLYMER
 The mixing of fat and water is good example of hydrophobic interaction