Can be used with proper citation.

1. Food Waste
Management
Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar
Consultant-Environmental Microbiology
I/C General Secretary-NSWAI
ketnamatkar@gmail.com
10/16/2017
Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI
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2. Food waste management…
Reduce,
Reuse, Treat
Conversion
to Energy
Rethink!!
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3. Why Food Waste Management?
 Identify
problems!!
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4. Food Wastage-Ramifications
I
n
f
l
a
t
i
o
n
Water
1/4th of total global
fresh water
consumed
Energy
300 barrels of oil/
annum
India97thpositionoutof118intheGlobalHungerIndex-2016(ghi.ifpri.org)
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5. Clean Technologies: Safety & QualityAquatic
•Waste water
treatment for
emission
reduction
•Waste water
treatment for
emission
reduction
Atmospheric
•Extensive
energy
usage -
substituted
by
renewable
energy
resources
•Extensive
energy
usage -
substituted
by
renewable
energy
resources
SolidWaste
•Composting
besides
recovery &
reuse of
products &
waste as RM
•Composting
besides
recovery &
reuse of
products &
waste as RM
Solutions…Emissions
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6. Food waste generation-Major reasons
 Mackenzie et al. recognizes following as major reasons:
 Inappropriate stock storage and maintenance,
 Poor preparation and
 Inadequate portion control.
 Working on these points can help in sufficient reduction of
food waste.
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7. Out of the total solid waste generated
44% is wet (Organic)
Source: Food Waste Management: Challenges & Solutions
Matkar, K. and Singh, S (2017), SIES- IIEM
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8. Present scenario-overall food waste
management (India): treatment
Source: Food Waste Management: Challenges & Solutions
Matkar, K. and Singh, S (2017), SIES- IIEM
Composting,
18%
Vermicompos
ting, 32%
Biogas, 5%
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9. Strategy
Food waste management hierarchy
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10. Solution-pre plan
•Focus on wastage-
source of generation-
45% waste reduction,
20% cost reduction
Food excess
monitoring
system
•LCA-can reduce
wastage by 80%
Food waste
tracking
system
•Specific days
schedule-designed
as per excess raw
materials/ingredients
Menu
engineering
•Technology, finance
& sustainable
development
CDM
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11. Initiatives-India (Mumbai)
 Good storage equipment-ITC
 Portion Controls-Ivy Restaurant
 Bash the Buffet-Four points Vashi
 Celebrate the Waste-Ankur at Fort
 Composting-ITC Grande Central, Parel
 CSR initiative to reduce food waste by 40% by 2020-Hyatt.
 Government of India : “food parks”, implementation of strict laws
(MSW guidelines 2016).
 Several organizations are also actively involved in recycling of
food.
Source: Mid-Day, 12th March’ 2016.
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12. Pre-treatment Technologies
Source: Nora Goldstein and Charlotte Dreizen,
BioCycle July 2017, Vol. 58, No. 6, p. 31
Dehydrators
Liquefiers
In-vessel accelerated
composting
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13. Food Waste Dehydrators
 Other Considerations
 Dehydrating food waste reduces weight and volume, which can lead to
reduced hauling and disposal costs. If the material is kept dry, dehydrators may
also help reduce odours and vectors associated with handling and storing food
waste.
 Research
 Observations from a case study conducted at Loyola Marymount University in
2010:
 Unprocessed dehydrated food waste samples were not suitable as a soil
amendment, further processing of the material is needed for the purpose.
 Rehydration produced large quantities of fungus. Although dehydrated, the
material was not decomposed to a stable state.
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14. Food Waste Liquefier
 Incorporating liquefied food waste into soil is disposal.
 Liquefiers may contribute toward compliance only when
coupled with composting or anaerobic digestion. When a
food waste reduction strategy includes liquefiers and the
use of public sewage lines and public wastewater
treatment plants, the entities in charge of the sewage line
and wastewater treatment facility need to be notified and
agree that the treatment system will recycle the liquefied
food.
 Other Considerations
 Literature indicates that there are potential problems with
sewer line clogs or “slugs” associated with liquefied food
waste.
 These can be difficult to detect until the clog is quite large,
as well as unpleasant to clear. Please check with your
sewage system operator before purchasing a liquefier.
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15. Biodigester
 Addresses the issues like space
constraints, vector control and cost.
 Payback period-18-20 months.
 Other Considerations
 Reliability of claims made by
companies, ease of use, accurate costs
for water and electricity use, permitting
requirements and composition of the
residual liquid or solid.
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16. Biodigesters
 Water usage by these units range from 1 gallon/4 lbs of
food on the low end to 1 gallon/1 lb on the high end.
Key
differentiator
Key
differentiator
Biological
agent
composition
Biological
agent
composition
Influences-
efficiency &
efficacy
Influences-
efficiency &
efficacy
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17. Some points of consideration-
Dehydrators/Biodigesters: Key user comments
 Dehydrators can tolerate soiled paper, waxed cardboard and napkins;
biodigesters cannot.
 Biodigesters require significantly higher amounts of water than dehydrators.
 Dehydrators use more electricity than biodigesters.
 Most dehydrators are batch systems; biodigesters are continuous.
 Biodigesters are more prone to effluent composition issues related to
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) versus dehydrators, where the effluent
is primarily reconstituted steam.
 Some dehydrators are designed to be coupled with pulpers as a pre-
treatment step, which can benefit the consistency of the end product.
 Both technologies represent a labour savings versus the traditional
separate, collect and haul model for organics diversion.
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18. University of Nevada, Reno: Case study
Installed Liquefier
Drains in sewer,
change of
plumbing
Needs to be
treated: high BOD
Installed
Dehydrator
Fermenting
aroma
More venting
requirement
Composting
Space problem
Distance-
collection issue
Reduction in tipping
fees by 50%
Trash hauling costs
reduced.
Water, electricity &
maintenance cost-6-7
year payback period
Reduction in tipping
fees by 50%
Trash hauling costs
reduced.
Water, electricity &
maintenance cost-6-7
year payback period
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19. Boston Marriott Quincy, Boston,
Massachusetts: Case Study
 Biodigester used (OWC)
 Additional costs-tipping fees, collection bags, hauling time
and charges reduced.
 Logistical problems resolved.
 No odour-facility rented to others also.
 Problems-some of the food items can not be processed.
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20. Treatment Technologies…
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21. Vermicomposting
 Vermicomposting
 Using worms to break down organic material, including food scraps.
 The resulting material is a mix of worm castings (worm manure) and
decomposed food scraps.
 Worms like to feed on slowly decomposing organic materials like fruit
and vegetable scraps. Worms produce castings that contain beneficial
microbes and nutrients, which makes a great soil amendment.
 Worms are very efficient at breaking down food scraps and can eat
over half their body weight in organic matter every day.
 Controls 30% of plants infections due to parasites (nematodes) and 30-
300% increase in plant growth.
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22. Aerobic Composting
 Composting, nature's own way of recycling, is the controlled
decomposition of organic material such as leaves, twigs, grass
clippings, and food scraps.
 Compost is the soil amendment product that results from aerobic
composting. Whether it's done on site, at the point of waste generation
or in a large-scale, centralized facility, composting helps to keep the
high volume of organic material out of landfills and turns it into a
product that is useful for soil restoration.
 Small-scale on-site composting reduces the cost of hauling materials to
the landfill and is generally exempted from solid waste regulations.
 Large-scale compost facilities handle more material and typically
produce a more consistent compost product, and they are required to
comply with regulatory and permitting standards.
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23. 23
Type of composting based on the space
Household level Apartment level
Commercial complexes, canteen, officeLarge scale composting
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24. Anaerobic composting: Bokashi
 Household level.
 Can treat even the meat, beef, dairy, other types
of food items which could not be composted.
 Specific types of microbial culture.
 Resembles pickling
 This process needs to be finished in the final stages
in the ground or vermicomposting/composting bin.
 Initial-3-4 weeks it is anaerobic treatment but the
final 2-4 week treatment is aerobic.
 This can reduce the need of landfill for waste rich in
nitrogen content.
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25. Composting-comparison
•Can be easily
scaled up
•Types of food waste-
restricted
•Process completes
at one site
Aerobic
•Usually successful at
household level
•Broad range of food
waste that can be
treated
•Process needs to be
completed in 2
steps-final stage in
soil-burying
Anaerobic
•Can be scaled up
easily
•Waste range is
broader as
compared to aerobic
•Higher sensitivity to
environment
•Process finished at
single site
Vermi-
composting
•Has the highest
turnover rates
•Can work on any
type of waste-mostly
rotting or cooked
high protein foods
•Generates higher by
product revenues
•Sensitive to moisture
and temperature
Black
Soldier fly
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26. Biogas
 The food is added to the anaerobic digester, where it is
processed by microbes to generate biogas, a source of
renewable energy, and a solid residual that can be used as
a soil amendment.
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27. Additional parameters
Water requirementWater requirement
Cost &
Sustainability
consideration
Cost &
Sustainability
consideration
Space requirementSpace requirement
Cost
consideration
Cost
consideration
Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency
Energy
demand
Energy
demand
Batch/ContinuousBatch/Continuous
Storage
space
Storage
space
Cultures/
enzymes
Cultures/
enzymes
Additional
charges,
besides
increased
water
requirement
Additional
charges,
besides
increased
water
requirement
Source: Biocycle.net
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28. Decision making
Economic
Logistical
Hygienic
Customers
Responsibility
to Verify,
Validate
Vendor Claims
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29. Company Output material Volume
reduction
Energy Use Capacity Price range
(US$)
Bioferm Energy System Dry digest for curing 30-60% 15-17% 15-30
T/day
4.5-8.5
Enviropure systems, Mechline,
Tatally Green, BioHlTech
America
Grey water nutrient
neutral effluent
100% 605 KWh/
month
800-2400
lbs/day
0.19-0.40
Dari Tech Inc dba TR
Environmental
In Vessel
Composting
20-80% 30-
100KWh/day
6-25 cu
yd/day
1.4-3.5
Vertal US Inc Ready Compost 90% 1.11-2.35
KWh/day
44-750
lbs/day
0.45-1.54
Eco Solutions, Salvajor Co. Liquid output
connected to drain
99% 4.7-8.1
KWh/day
200-400
lbs/day
0.14-0.22
Impact Bioenergy Biogas 10% Self
sustaining
25 T-925
T/yr
0.35-6
Integrated Veterans Services Vermiculture 93% 3KWh 250
lbs/day
0.2-0.75
NaTh Sustainable solutions LLC Biomass sterile 90% 960 KW-1600
KW
2640-4400
lbs/day
0.31-3.53
Somat Company Compostible Mulch 93% 47 KWh/day 220
lbs/day
0.35
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30. In vessel Composting
Epri MYCO compost, Rajeshree
environmental solutions
In vessel Composting
Epri MYCO compost, Rajeshree
environmental solutions
Liquid output connected to
drain
Binsink Hamersmit equipment
Liquid output connected to
drain
Binsink Hamersmit equipment
Biogas
Ideal enterprises, Prachi services
Inc., Flycatcher Tech. LLP
Biogas
Ideal enterprises, Prachi services
Inc., Flycatcher Tech. LLP
Vermiculture
Inora, Vermigoldecotech
Vermiculture
Inora, Vermigoldecotech
Indian CompaniesIndian Companies
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31. Technology Selection-SWOT analysis
CostCost Location
ViabilityViabilityLaws
RegulationRegulation
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32. ketnamatkar@gmail.com
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