Uploaded byDr. Ketna Atul Matkar
Food waste management
The document discusses various methods for managing food waste, including reduction, reuse, composting, anaerobic digestion, and conversion to energy. It provides details on different pre-treatment technologies like dehydrators, liquefiers, and in-vessel composting. Case studies from the University of Nevada and Boston Marriott Quincy hotel demonstrate how biodigesters and dehydrators can reduce costs from lower tipping fees and trash hauling while providing a payback period of 6-7 years. The document also compares various treatment methods for food waste like vermicomposting, aerobic and anaerobic composting, and their suitability at different scales.
Food waste management
- 1. Food Waste Management Dr. KetnaAtul Matkar Consultant-Environmental Microbiology I/C General Secretary-NSWAI ketnamatkar@gmail.com 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 1
- 2. Food waste management… Reduce, Reuse,Treat Conversion to Energy Rethink!! 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 2
- 3. Why Food WasteManagement? Identify problems!! 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 3
- 4. Food Wastage-Ramifications I n f l a t i o n Water 1/4th oftotal global fresh water consumed Energy 300 barrels of oil/ annum India97thpositionoutof118intheGlobalHungerIndex-2016(ghi.ifpri.org) 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 4
- 5. Clean Technologies: Safety& QualityAquatic •Waste water treatment for emission reduction •Waste water treatment for emission reduction Atmospheric •Extensive energy usage - substituted by renewable energy resources •Extensive energy usage - substituted by renewable energy resources SolidWaste •Composting besides recovery & reuse of products & waste as RM •Composting besides recovery & reuse of products & waste as RM Solutions…Emissions 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 5
- 6. Food waste generation-Majorreasons Mackenzie et al. recognizes following as major reasons: Inappropriate stock storage and maintenance, Poor preparation and Inadequate portion control. Working on these points can help in sufficient reduction of food waste. 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 6
- 7. Out of thetotal solid waste generated 44% is wet (Organic) Source: Food Waste Management: Challenges & Solutions Matkar, K. and Singh, S (2017), SIES- IIEM 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 7
- 8. Present scenario-overall foodwaste management (India): treatment Source: Food Waste Management: Challenges & Solutions Matkar, K. and Singh, S (2017), SIES- IIEM Composting, 18% Vermicompos ting, 32% Biogas, 5% 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 8
- 9. Strategy Food waste managementhierarchy 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 9
- 10. Solution-pre plan •Focus onwastage- source of generation- 45% waste reduction, 20% cost reduction Food excess monitoring system •LCA-can reduce wastage by 80% Food waste tracking system •Specific days schedule-designed as per excess raw materials/ingredients Menu engineering •Technology, finance & sustainable development CDM 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 10
- 11. Initiatives-India (Mumbai) Goodstorage equipment-ITC Portion Controls-Ivy Restaurant Bash the Buffet-Four points Vashi Celebrate the Waste-Ankur at Fort Composting-ITC Grande Central, Parel CSR initiative to reduce food waste by 40% by 2020-Hyatt. Government of India : “food parks”, implementation of strict laws (MSW guidelines 2016). Several organizations are also actively involved in recycling of food. Source: Mid-Day, 12th March’ 2016. 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 11
- 12. Pre-treatment Technologies Source: NoraGoldstein and Charlotte Dreizen, BioCycle July 2017, Vol. 58, No. 6, p. 31 Dehydrators Liquefiers In-vessel accelerated composting 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 12
- 13. Food Waste Dehydrators Other Considerations Dehydrating food waste reduces weight and volume, which can lead to reduced hauling and disposal costs. If the material is kept dry, dehydrators may also help reduce odours and vectors associated with handling and storing food waste. Research Observations from a case study conducted at Loyola Marymount University in 2010: Unprocessed dehydrated food waste samples were not suitable as a soil amendment, further processing of the material is needed for the purpose. Rehydration produced large quantities of fungus. Although dehydrated, the material was not decomposed to a stable state. 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 13
- 14. Food Waste Liquefier Incorporating liquefied food waste into soil is disposal. Liquefiers may contribute toward compliance only when coupled with composting or anaerobic digestion. When a food waste reduction strategy includes liquefiers and the use of public sewage lines and public wastewater treatment plants, the entities in charge of the sewage line and wastewater treatment facility need to be notified and agree that the treatment system will recycle the liquefied food. Other Considerations Literature indicates that there are potential problems with sewer line clogs or “slugs” associated with liquefied food waste. These can be difficult to detect until the clog is quite large, as well as unpleasant to clear. Please check with your sewage system operator before purchasing a liquefier. 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 14
- 15. Biodigester Addresses theissues like space constraints, vector control and cost. Payback period-18-20 months. Other Considerations Reliability of claims made by companies, ease of use, accurate costs for water and electricity use, permitting requirements and composition of the residual liquid or solid. 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 15
- 16. Biodigesters Water usageby these units range from 1 gallon/4 lbs of food on the low end to 1 gallon/1 lb on the high end. Key differentiator Key differentiator Biological agent composition Biological agent composition Influences- efficiency & efficacy Influences- efficiency & efficacy 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 16
- 17. Some points ofconsideration- Dehydrators/Biodigesters: Key user comments Dehydrators can tolerate soiled paper, waxed cardboard and napkins; biodigesters cannot. Biodigesters require significantly higher amounts of water than dehydrators. Dehydrators use more electricity than biodigesters. Most dehydrators are batch systems; biodigesters are continuous. Biodigesters are more prone to effluent composition issues related to biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) versus dehydrators, where the effluent is primarily reconstituted steam. Some dehydrators are designed to be coupled with pulpers as a pre- treatment step, which can benefit the consistency of the end product. Both technologies represent a labour savings versus the traditional separate, collect and haul model for organics diversion. 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 17
- 18. University of Nevada,Reno: Case study Installed Liquefier Drains in sewer, change of plumbing Needs to be treated: high BOD Installed Dehydrator Fermenting aroma More venting requirement Composting Space problem Distance- collection issue Reduction in tipping fees by 50% Trash hauling costs reduced. Water, electricity & maintenance cost-6-7 year payback period Reduction in tipping fees by 50% Trash hauling costs reduced. Water, electricity & maintenance cost-6-7 year payback period 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 18
- 19. Boston Marriott Quincy,Boston, Massachusetts: Case Study Biodigester used (OWC) Additional costs-tipping fees, collection bags, hauling time and charges reduced. Logistical problems resolved. No odour-facility rented to others also. Problems-some of the food items can not be processed. 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 19
- 20. Treatment Technologies… 10/16/2017 Dr. KetnaAtul Matkar-NSWAI 20
- 21. Vermicomposting Vermicomposting Usingworms to break down organic material, including food scraps. The resulting material is a mix of worm castings (worm manure) and decomposed food scraps. Worms like to feed on slowly decomposing organic materials like fruit and vegetable scraps. Worms produce castings that contain beneficial microbes and nutrients, which makes a great soil amendment. Worms are very efficient at breaking down food scraps and can eat over half their body weight in organic matter every day. Controls 30% of plants infections due to parasites (nematodes) and 30- 300% increase in plant growth. 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 21
- 22. Aerobic Composting Composting,nature's own way of recycling, is the controlled decomposition of organic material such as leaves, twigs, grass clippings, and food scraps. Compost is the soil amendment product that results from aerobic composting. Whether it's done on site, at the point of waste generation or in a large-scale, centralized facility, composting helps to keep the high volume of organic material out of landfills and turns it into a product that is useful for soil restoration. Small-scale on-site composting reduces the cost of hauling materials to the landfill and is generally exempted from solid waste regulations. Large-scale compost facilities handle more material and typically produce a more consistent compost product, and they are required to comply with regulatory and permitting standards. 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 22
- 23. 23 Type of compostingbased on the space Household level Apartment level Commercial complexes, canteen, officeLarge scale composting 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI
- 24. Anaerobic composting: Bokashi Household level. Can treat even the meat, beef, dairy, other types of food items which could not be composted. Specific types of microbial culture. Resembles pickling This process needs to be finished in the final stages in the ground or vermicomposting/composting bin. Initial-3-4 weeks it is anaerobic treatment but the final 2-4 week treatment is aerobic. This can reduce the need of landfill for waste rich in nitrogen content. 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 24
- 25. Composting-comparison •Can be easily scaledup •Types of food waste- restricted •Process completes at one site Aerobic •Usually successful at household level •Broad range of food waste that can be treated •Process needs to be completed in 2 steps-final stage in soil-burying Anaerobic •Can be scaled up easily •Waste range is broader as compared to aerobic •Higher sensitivity to environment •Process finished at single site Vermi- composting •Has the highest turnover rates •Can work on any type of waste-mostly rotting or cooked high protein foods •Generates higher by product revenues •Sensitive to moisture and temperature Black Soldier fly 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 25
- 26. Biogas The foodis added to the anaerobic digester, where it is processed by microbes to generate biogas, a source of renewable energy, and a solid residual that can be used as a soil amendment. 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 26
- 27. Additional parameters Water requirementWaterrequirement Cost & Sustainability consideration Cost & Sustainability consideration Space requirementSpace requirement Cost consideration Cost consideration Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency Energy demand Energy demand Batch/ContinuousBatch/Continuous Storage space Storage space Cultures/ enzymes Cultures/ enzymes Additional charges, besides increased water requirement Additional charges, besides increased water requirement Source: Biocycle.net 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 27
- 28. Decision making Economic Logistical Hygienic Customers Responsibility to Verify, Validate VendorClaims 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 28
- 29. Company Output materialVolume reduction Energy Use Capacity Price range (US$) Bioferm Energy System Dry digest for curing 30-60% 15-17% 15-30 T/day 4.5-8.5 Enviropure systems, Mechline, Tatally Green, BioHlTech America Grey water nutrient neutral effluent 100% 605 KWh/ month 800-2400 lbs/day 0.19-0.40 Dari Tech Inc dba TR Environmental In Vessel Composting 20-80% 30- 100KWh/day 6-25 cu yd/day 1.4-3.5 Vertal US Inc Ready Compost 90% 1.11-2.35 KWh/day 44-750 lbs/day 0.45-1.54 Eco Solutions, Salvajor Co. Liquid output connected to drain 99% 4.7-8.1 KWh/day 200-400 lbs/day 0.14-0.22 Impact Bioenergy Biogas 10% Self sustaining 25 T-925 T/yr 0.35-6 Integrated Veterans Services Vermiculture 93% 3KWh 250 lbs/day 0.2-0.75 NaTh Sustainable solutions LLC Biomass sterile 90% 960 KW-1600 KW 2640-4400 lbs/day 0.31-3.53 Somat Company Compostible Mulch 93% 47 KWh/day 220 lbs/day 0.35 29 10/16/2017
- 30. In vessel Composting EpriMYCO compost, Rajeshree environmental solutions In vessel Composting Epri MYCO compost, Rajeshree environmental solutions Liquid output connected to drain Binsink Hamersmit equipment Liquid output connected to drain Binsink Hamersmit equipment Biogas Ideal enterprises, Prachi services Inc., Flycatcher Tech. LLP Biogas Ideal enterprises, Prachi services Inc., Flycatcher Tech. LLP Vermiculture Inora, Vermigoldecotech Vermiculture Inora, Vermigoldecotech Indian CompaniesIndian Companies Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 30 10/16/2017
- 31. Technology Selection-SWOT analysis CostCostLocation ViabilityViabilityLaws RegulationRegulation 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna Atul Matkar-NSWAI 31
- 32. ketnamatkar@gmail.com 10/16/2017 Dr. Ketna AtulMatkar-NSWAI 32