The document outlines an approach to optimize the monthly distribution of food grains in India for the 2012-13 fiscal year. It aims to minimize transportation costs by determining the most cost-effective allocation of wheat and rice from surplus states to deficit states using rail transportation. The methodology involves collecting demand and supply data for each state, calculating transportation costs between states, and allocating supplies on a monthly basis to meet each state's demand at minimum cost while not exceeding suppliers' surpluses. The final solution provides the optimized allocation of wheat and rice from each surplus state to each deficit state to fulfill requirements over the year at lowest transportation expense.