Food chain
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A food chain shows how organisms are related through the transfer of energy from one organism to another as each consumes the next. Food chains were first introduced in the 9th century and later popularized in a 1927 book. A food chain involves producers, consumers, and decomposers, with energy transferring unidirectionally. Typically, 80-90% of energy is lost at each transfer between trophic levels, though omnivores can occupy multiple levels. The document provides several examples of food chains within an ecosystem.
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The document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines producers, consumers, and decomposers. It explains how energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems via trophic levels from primary producers to higher level consumers. Food webs are more complex than linear food chains and illustrate interconnecting feeding relationships in a community. Destabilizing food webs through human activities can negatively impact ecosystem functioning.
food chain.pptx
This document defines and compares food chains and food webs. A food chain shows a linear transfer of energy from plants through herbivores and carnivores. Food webs are more complex and show that most organisms are part of multiple overlapping food chains. They depict all the feeding relationships in an ecosystem and increase the adaptability of organisms. Decomposers like bacteria and fungi break down dead material and return nutrients to the soil to complete the cycle.
FOOD WEB.pptx
The document defines a food web as the interlocking pattern of various food chains in an ecosystem, with different organisms connected at different trophic levels so there are multiple opportunities for eating and being eaten. It provides an example food web of grass being eaten by insects and deer, which are then eaten by carnivores. Additionally, if a species is affected in a food web it does not seriously impact other trophic levels as there are other options, whereas a disruption in a single linear food chain can affect subsequent levels. Food webs play an important role in ecosystems by facilitating energy flow and nutrient cycling, and help regulate population sizes to maintain ecological balance.
Grade 9, U3-L3 Food Chains and Food Webs
This document discusses ecological niches, food webs, and ecological pyramids. It defines key concepts like producers, consumers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and describes trophic levels. Food chains are simplified representations of feeding relationships, while food webs show complex and interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels, with higher levels containing less energy and fewer individuals than lower levels due to energy loss at each transfer.
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Subject Environmental Sciences in the syllabus of 1st year b pharmacy semester 2nd contain point The FOOD CHAIN & FOOD WEB.
Introduction, environment, ecosystem, ecological pyramids
The document defines key terms related to ecology, including habitat, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. It explains that a habitat is the environment where an organism lives, trophic levels refer to an organism's position in a food chain, and food chains and webs show feeding relationships between organisms. Ecological pyramids graphically represent biomass, numbers of organisms, and energy at different trophic levels, with producers at the base and higher-level consumers at the top. Biomass and numbers pyramids can be upright, inverted, or partially upright, while energy pyramids are always upright due to energy loss between trophic levels.
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An ecosystem consists of all the living and non-living things in a given area that interact. Producers like plants provide food by converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. Consumers obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers, and decomposers break down waste and dead organisms. Energy and nutrients cycle through the ecosystem via food chains and food webs as one organism eats another.
04 energy flow in ecosystems
1) Energy from the sun is absorbed by producers like plants through photosynthesis and converted into chemical energy in sugars. 2) Consumers obtain this energy by eating producers or other consumers. 3) Decomposers break down dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the environment and completing the energy cycle.
Ecology energy flow pathway in an ecosystem
The document discusses energy flow through ecosystems. It begins by explaining that the sun is the primary energy source for ecosystems and that plants convert the sun's radiant energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. This chemical energy then passes through food chains, with approximately 10% of the energy being transferred to each higher trophic level. Various models and laws are described that illustrate principles like the one-way flow of energy and the inefficiencies of transfers between trophic levels. Overall, the summary emphasizes that sunlight powers ecosystems by being converted to chemical energy by plants and then traveling through food webs in a step-wise, 10%-losing manner.
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Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Introduction, environment, ecosystem, ecological pyramids
Introduction, environment, ecosystem, ecological pyramids
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The Human Respiratory System
The document provides information about the human respiratory system. It describes the key parts of the respiratory system including the nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs and diaphragm. It explains that the respiratory system works to intake oxygen and remove carbon dioxide through the process of breathing, which involves inspiration and expiration achieved through contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and chest muscles. Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli of the lungs, where oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide passes out.
The human respiratory system ppt.1pptx
The human respiratory system allows for gas exchange between the external environment and blood. It consists of the nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm and other structures. During inspiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, lowering pressure and allowing air into the lungs. During expiration, they relax, raising pressure and pushing air out. Oxygen diffuses into the blood in the lungs and carbon dioxide diffuses out, carried by red blood cells to and from tissues via cellular respiration.
The human respiratory system
The human respiratory system allows for gas exchange between the external environment and blood. It consists of the nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm and other structures. During inspiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, lowering pressure and allowing air into the lungs. During expiration, these muscles relax, pressure rises, pushing air out. Oxygen diffuses into blood in the lungs, binding to hemoglobin, while carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood and into air exhaled. Cellular respiration uses oxygen to produce energy, releasing carbon dioxide as a waste product into surrounding tissues and blood to be exhaled.
The human respiratory system ppt.1pptx
The human respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Air enters the lungs through the nose and mouth, and passes through the trachea into the bronchi and bronchioles before reaching the alveoli in the lungs. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged between the alveolar air and blood through the process of diffusion. Contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles during inhalation lowers the pressure in the thoracic cavity, drawing air into the lungs. During exhalation, relaxation of these muscles increases pressure and pushes air out.
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The teacher taught students about the classification of human life into four stages by the scholar Tamlu Jamalu.
The document defined key terms and provided facts about each stage: hunter-gatherers (samood), pastoralists (t{]m«n-Ì), village dwellers (^wssP) and settled people (1mtâ).
Students learned about how human lives have been categorized into stages of development through activities and discussion. They demonstrated understanding of how different types of lives are represented in the four stages of classification.
hybridization
Hybridization is the process of breeding plants and animals to produce hybrid offspring that have desired qualities. It involves cross-breeding two parent varieties to develop a new hybrid variety that possesses traits from both parents, such as high yield, disease resistance, or climate tolerance. The process involves selecting parent plants, removing stamens from female flowers, collecting pollen from male flowers, pollinating the female flowers, collecting mature seeds, and selecting offspring with better qualities over several generations. Hybrid varieties developed through this process contribute greatly to agricultural progress as they are widely used for traits like high yield and disease resistance.
lesson plan
The teacher taught students about the classification of human life into four stages by the scholar Tamlu Jamalu.
The document defined key terms and provided facts about each stage: hunter-gatherers (samood), pastoralists (t{]m«n-Ì), village dwellers (^wssP) and settled people (1mtâ).
The lesson engaged students in activities to reinforce the four stages of human life classified in Tamlu Jamalu's work, aiming to help students understand human life and development through history in a fun way.
Teaching manual
This document outlines a teaching manual for an 8th standard biology lesson on diseases that reduce agricultural yield. The lesson aims to develop students' knowledge, process skills, and attitudes on this topic through various teaching methods. Key points covered include common plant and animal diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses; how diseases make agriculture unprofitable; and the importance of disease resistance in agriculture. Students participate in activities to identify disease symptoms, microorganisms that cause disease, and how diseases spread between animals and humans.
FOOD CHAIN
A food chain is a linear sequence showing how organisms are related through the transfer of energy from one organism to another as they eat and are eaten. Food chains were first introduced in the 9th century and later popularized in a 1927 book. They involve repeated eating with each group eating smaller ones and being eaten by larger ones, transferring energy unidirectionally from producers to consumers in trophic levels, with about 80-90% of energy lost at each transfer. Food chains in an ecosystem were provided as examples.
Teaching manual 1
This document outlines a teaching manual for an 8th standard biology class on diseases that reduce agricultural yield. The 45-minute lesson involves introducing common plant diseases through classroom discussions, activities identifying microorganisms and symptoms of diseases in crops, and reviewing key points. Examples discussed include anthrax in cattle, bunchy top disease in plantains, and mahali yellowing in arecanuts. Students are asked to collect more information on agricultural diseases through interactions with local farmers.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is the growth of plant tissues or cells in a sterile medium separate from the organism. It has several applications, including the large-scale commercial production of identical plants, conserving rare species, screening plant cells for desirable traits, and producing valuable compounds from plant cells in liquid culture. Tissue culture also allows for crossing distantly related plant species and producing clean plant material free of viruses. Its advantages include producing many copies of plants with beneficial properties, allowing plant production anytime regardless of climate, and eliminating plant infections. However, its disadvantages are the high costs of equipment for large-scale production and the need for careful, trial-and-error work that depends on the plant species.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is the growth of plant tissues or cells separately from the organism, usually using a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium. Tissue culture has applications in commercial plant production, conserving endangered species, plant breeding to develop desirable traits like herbicide resistance, producing valuable compounds through growing plant cells in bioreactors, and creating hybrids between distantly related species. The advantages of tissue culture include producing many copies of plants with beneficial properties, allowing plant growth anytime regardless of climate conditions, and generating disease-free plants. However, the disadvantages are high costs for large-scale production, variability requiring experimentation, need for close monitoring, potential for identity errors, and decreased genetic diversity.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is the process of growing plant cells, tissues or organs separately from the organism in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. It allows for large scale production of identical plant materials and is used for commercial production of plants, conserving rare species, breeding disease-resistant varieties, and producing valuable compounds. Some advantages are producing many copies of plants with desirable traits, being able to grow plants anytime regardless of climate, and removing plant diseases or infections. However, it requires expensive equipment, careful procedures, and there is a risk of contamination or loss of genetic variability.
The human respiratory system
The human respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Air enters the body through the nose and travels through the trachea into the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the bloodstream and into the air sacs. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles help draw air into and push air out of the lungs during breathing.
Food chain
A food chain shows how organisms are related through the transfer of energy as each organism eats another for sustenance. Food chains were first described by the scientist Al-Jahiz in the 9th century and later popularized by Charles Elton, who also introduced the concept of a food web. A food chain involves producers like plants being eaten by consumers in a linear progression, with energy being lost at each transfer between trophic levels, usually totaling a 90% loss by the top of the 4-5 level chain. Examples of food chains in an ecosystem are provided.
More from ANJANA VIDHYADHARAN (15)
Food chain
- 2. FOOD CHAIN A food chain is a linear sequence of links in a food web starting from a species that are called producers in the web and ends at a species that is called decomposers species in the web. A food chain also shows how the organisms are related with each other by the food they eat. Food chains were first introduced by the African-Arab scientist and philosopher Al-Jahiz in the 9th century and later popularized in a book published in 1927 by Charles Elton, which also introduced the food web concept.
- 3. Characteristics of a Food Chain In a food chain, a) there is repeated eating in which each group eats the smaller one and is eaten by the larger one. Thus, it involves a nutritive interaction between the biotic components of an ecosystem. b) the plants and animals which depend successively on one another form the limbs of a food chain. c) there is unidirectional flow of energy from sun to producers and then to a series of consumers of various types. Thus, a food chain is always straight and proceeds in a progressing straight line.
- 4. d) usually 80 to 90% of potential energy is lost as heat at each transfer on the basis of second law of thermodynamics (transformation of energy involves loss of unavailable energy). e) usually there are 4 or 5 trophic levels. Shorter food chains provide greater available energy and vice - versa. f ) omnivores occupy more than one trophic level and, some organisms occupy different trophic positions in different food chains.
- 5. FOOD CHAINS IN THE ECOSYSTEM SACRED GROVE
- 6. Grass Grasshopper Frog Snake Grass Grasshopper Cock Vanda Worms Crow Grass Grasshopper Chameleon Owl Grass Grasshopper Rat Snake Eagle
- 7. Climbers Worms Frog Snake Mango Tree Squirrels Snake Eagle Grass Beetle Rat Snake