FOOD CHAIN
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•326 views
A food chain is a linear sequence showing how organisms are related through the transfer of energy from one organism to another as they eat and are eaten. Food chains were first introduced in the 9th century and later popularized in a 1927 book. They involve repeated eating with each group eating smaller ones and being eaten by larger ones, transferring energy unidirectionally from producers to consumers in trophic levels, with about 80-90% of energy lost at each transfer. Food chains in an ecosystem were provided as examples.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Food webs and trophic levels
This document discusses trophic levels and energy transfer through food chains and webs. It defines key terms like trophic levels, apex predators, and detritivores. Food chains show the transfer of energy from producers at the first trophic level through primary, secondary, tertiary and sometimes quaternary consumers. Most organisms participate in complex food webs rather than simple food chains. Energy is lost at each trophic level, with typically only 10% being transferred, demonstrated through ecological pyramids which show the decrease in biomass and numbers of organisms at higher trophic levels due to this energy loss.
Food chains
This document discusses food chains and food webs. A food chain shows how energy passes from one organism to another, starting with producers like plants using sunlight, then consumers that eat the producers or other consumers, and ending with decomposers that break down waste. A food web is more complex than a food chain, showing how multiple food chains interconnect through different organisms consuming each other and being consumed.
Food chain
The document discusses food chains and how energy passes between organisms. It asks questions about what the source of energy is for plants, why plants need energy, what happens to the energy stored in plants when animals eat them, and how the process of energy passing from one organism to another is shown. It defines that in a food chain, plants are the producers as they can make their own food, while animals are consumers as they cannot make their own food and obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
09 bio 05
Food chains show how organisms are linked through feeding relationships, with energy flowing from producers to primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Food webs depict a more complex and realistic set of interlocking food chains in an ecosystem. Within food chains and webs, organisms can be grouped into trophic levels based on their position - with producers on the first trophic level and top carnivores on the highest level. Significant changes to populations within an ecosystem, such as removing producers, can destabilize food chains and negatively impact other organisms.
Biogeography- food chain and foo web
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It begins by defining a food chain as a sequence of organisms where each uses the next lower member as a food source. Food chains were first introduced in the 9th century and later popularized in a 1927 book. A food chain shows how energy passes from producers like plants through herbivores and then carnivores. Many interconnected food chains make up a food web. A food web representation shows all possible feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Whether a food chain or food web, the survival of plants and animals depends on their interdependence with each other.
FOOD CHAIN & FOOD WEB ppt.
The document discusses food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids. It provides examples of food chains like grass-grasshopper-frog-snake-hawk. A food chain follows a single path while a food web shows multiple connections between plants and animals. An energy pyramid models the trophic levels in a community from producers at the bottom to primary and secondary consumers at higher levels. It also includes review questions to test understanding.
Pyramids
The document discusses the three basic types of ecological pyramids used by ecologists - pyramids of number, pyramids of biomass, and pyramids of energy. Pyramids of number show the population size at each trophic level. Pyramids of biomass represent the total mass or biomass at each level, which decreases by 90% each level. Pyramids of energy depict the energy content in kilocalories per unit area per year, which decreases by 10% at each trophic level as energy is lost to the environment.
Biodiversity Jewett
BioDiversity & Animal Diversity lecture covering from Campbell & Reece "Biology" 8th edition (International). For ACS Biology 10, Sofia Bulgaria. March 2010
Recommended
Food webs and trophic levels
This document discusses trophic levels and energy transfer through food chains and webs. It defines key terms like trophic levels, apex predators, and detritivores. Food chains show the transfer of energy from producers at the first trophic level through primary, secondary, tertiary and sometimes quaternary consumers. Most organisms participate in complex food webs rather than simple food chains. Energy is lost at each trophic level, with typically only 10% being transferred, demonstrated through ecological pyramids which show the decrease in biomass and numbers of organisms at higher trophic levels due to this energy loss.
Food chains
This document discusses food chains and food webs. A food chain shows how energy passes from one organism to another, starting with producers like plants using sunlight, then consumers that eat the producers or other consumers, and ending with decomposers that break down waste. A food web is more complex than a food chain, showing how multiple food chains interconnect through different organisms consuming each other and being consumed.
Food chain
The document discusses food chains and how energy passes between organisms. It asks questions about what the source of energy is for plants, why plants need energy, what happens to the energy stored in plants when animals eat them, and how the process of energy passing from one organism to another is shown. It defines that in a food chain, plants are the producers as they can make their own food, while animals are consumers as they cannot make their own food and obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
09 bio 05
Food chains show how organisms are linked through feeding relationships, with energy flowing from producers to primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Food webs depict a more complex and realistic set of interlocking food chains in an ecosystem. Within food chains and webs, organisms can be grouped into trophic levels based on their position - with producers on the first trophic level and top carnivores on the highest level. Significant changes to populations within an ecosystem, such as removing producers, can destabilize food chains and negatively impact other organisms.
Biogeography- food chain and foo web
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It begins by defining a food chain as a sequence of organisms where each uses the next lower member as a food source. Food chains were first introduced in the 9th century and later popularized in a 1927 book. A food chain shows how energy passes from producers like plants through herbivores and then carnivores. Many interconnected food chains make up a food web. A food web representation shows all possible feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Whether a food chain or food web, the survival of plants and animals depends on their interdependence with each other.
FOOD CHAIN & FOOD WEB ppt.
The document discusses food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids. It provides examples of food chains like grass-grasshopper-frog-snake-hawk. A food chain follows a single path while a food web shows multiple connections between plants and animals. An energy pyramid models the trophic levels in a community from producers at the bottom to primary and secondary consumers at higher levels. It also includes review questions to test understanding.
Pyramids
The document discusses the three basic types of ecological pyramids used by ecologists - pyramids of number, pyramids of biomass, and pyramids of energy. Pyramids of number show the population size at each trophic level. Pyramids of biomass represent the total mass or biomass at each level, which decreases by 90% each level. Pyramids of energy depict the energy content in kilocalories per unit area per year, which decreases by 10% at each trophic level as energy is lost to the environment.
Biodiversity Jewett
BioDiversity & Animal Diversity lecture covering from Campbell & Reece "Biology" 8th edition (International). For ACS Biology 10, Sofia Bulgaria. March 2010
Differences between food chains & food webs in ecosystem
This document compares food webs and food chains. It explains that a food chain shows a single, linear pathway of organisms eating one another, starting with a producer like grass and ending with a top predator like a hawk. A food web is more complex, showing multiple possible feeding relationships and pathways through an ecosystem. It provides the example of a hawk that may prey on mice, squirrels or frogs, rather than just the single organism depicted in a food chain.
energy pyramid
The document discusses the flow of energy through ecosystems via an energy pyramid. It explains that energy from the sun is transferred to plants, then to smaller animals, then to bigger animals, and finally the largest animals. As the energy moves through the food chain, each animal uses most of the energy for itself and passes on only a small amount, resulting in less available energy at each higher level of the pyramid. An energy pyramid illustrates how the amount of energy remaining decreases as it moves through a food chain or web in an ecosystem.
2. manifiest of shame
The document expresses shame at calling oneself human, given that humans consider themselves superior to other species despite comprising a tiny fraction of the planet's 8.7 million species. It notes that just 1% of the human population owns 99% of global resources, leaving most species and people without much chance for survival. The document argues that humans, through capitalist systems that encourage unlimited accumulation and consumption, are behaving like a plague on the planet by grabbing resources without need, justifying destruction of other forms of life, and prioritizing profits over sustainability.
ABSTRACT
Small mammals play important roles in ecosystems but their diversity decreases in urban areas and smaller forest fragments. A study at the University of West Georgia used game cameras to assess small mammal and feral cat populations across six forest patches varying in size on campus. The results showed greater small mammal richness in larger patches and higher relative cat abundance in smaller, more urbanized patches. Increased cat numbers in these patches likely stemmed from more available human food sources and their presence corresponded to lower native small mammal species diversity, possibly due to greater competition and predation.
Food Chain & Food Web
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines a food chain as the transfer of energy from primary producers like plants through a series of organisms as each is eaten. Food chains can be grazing or detrital. A food web shows the complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem. It demonstrates how energy flows from producers to primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. The document presents figures illustrating general and specific examples of terrestrial, aquatic, soil and forest food webs.
food webs & food chains
This document discusses food webs and food chains. It defines a food chain as showing how each living thing gets its food, with some animals eating plants and others eating other animals. A food web is described as showing all the possible feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem, and is made up of several interconnected food chains. The document outlines the key components of a food chain as producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers like plants get energy from the sun, consumers obtain food by hunting/gathering as they cannot produce their own, and decomposers and scavengers break down dead organisms.
Food chains & Food webs
The document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines key terms like ecosystem, habitat, population, community, food chain, and food web. It provides examples of food chains like grass-springbok-cheetah. A food web shows how different food chains are interlinked, with herbivores serving as food for various predators, carnivores and omnivores. Decomposers play an important role in food webs by recycling nutrients from dead plants and animals back into the soil.
6352.ecosystems 8
The document discusses key concepts in ecosystems including types of ecosystems (natural vs artificial), components (biotic and abiotic), food chains and webs, and ecological pyramids. It explains that ecosystems are defined as the living and non-living interactions in an environment. Natural ecosystems include terrestrial and aquatic, while artificial ones are human-made like agriculture. Food chains transfer energy from producers to consumers to decomposers, forming webs, and pyramids illustrate the relationships between trophic levels in terms of numbers, biomass, and energy.
THE FOOD CHAIN
The document discusses the food chain and its key components. It explains that the food chain is the transfer of food energy from producers, like plants that produce their own food, to consumers, including herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. Decomposers then break down the organic remains. Examples of terrestrial and aquatic food chains are provided, showing how energy passes between grass, grasshoppers, frogs, snakes and hawks in a land chain, and between algae, shrimp, fish and sharks in a water chain.
Queency powerpoint
1) Food chains describe the transfer of energy from producers to consumers in an ecosystem. Producers such as plants get energy from the sun which is then consumed by primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.
2) Organisms obtain food through predation, symbiosis, and mutualism. In predation, one organism hunts another for food. Symbiosis describes living together, including parasitism where one benefits at the expense of the other, commensalism where one benefits without affecting the other, and mutualism where both benefit.
3) Disruptions to the food chain, such as the loss of a population like frogs in a pond, can negatively impact other populations that depend on
Trophic Pyramids
Trophic levels refer to the feeding positions that organisms occupy in a food chain or web. Producers such as plants are at the first trophic level. Herbivores that eat plants are at the second level. Carnivores that eat herbivores are at the third level. Top carnivores at the fourth level obtain energy by preying on other carnivores. Energy availability decreases at higher trophic levels as the energy from lower levels is used for metabolism and growth rather than being fully transferred up the food chain.
2007.Sci Foo
The document discusses Science Publishing for the MySpace Generation and the Encyclopedia of Life. It notes that while over 1.8 million species have been described based on 300 million pages of data collected over 250 years, up to 87% of life on Earth remains undescribed. It also states that only 6% of biodiversity scientists are covering 80% of the world's biodiversity, and at the current rate most species will be extinct before being described. The goal of projects like the Encyclopedia of Life is to help inventory and understand Earth's species and their relationships to create predictive information systems from biodiversity data.
Sect 14.3
1) The document discusses key concepts in ecology including producers, consumers, food chains, and symbiotic relationships.
2) Producers such as plants use photosynthesis to obtain energy from the sun, while some use chemosynthesis, and consumers obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers.
3) Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, and an organism's niche describes how it finds resources and avoids threats in its environment.
Sect 14.1&2
An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in an area along with the physical components of the environment. A population is a group of the same species that lives in the same ecosystem, while a community includes all the populations in an ecosystem. Limiting factors like food and water usually have the greatest effect on population size by restricting its growth and determining the ecosystem's carrying capacity, which is the maximum population it can sustain.
Quiz............rashmi
This document contains questions and answers on various environmental science topics. It discusses that the sun is the ultimate energy source, and depletion of the ozone layer can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immunity. It defines food chains as single paths of energy transfer between trophic levels, while food webs include multiple interconnected food chains. Ozone in the atmosphere protects from UV rays and forms from oxygen interactions. Producers like plants make their own food, unlike consumers. Bacteria and fungi are decomposers that break down waste and aid nutrient recycling. Testing pH and coliform bacteria indicates water pollution levels. Natural resources must be managed to prevent exhaustion and ensure environmental stability.
Food webs food chains
This document discusses the tools used to describe the food connections between living beings in an ecosystem. A trophic chain represents the passing of matter and energy between a few organisms, starting with a producer and ending with a tertiary consumer. A trophic web sets of interconnected trophic chains that cross over due to common steps and represents all organisms in an ecosystem.
Jo's slides
The document defines key ecology terms like habitat, niche, population, community, and ecosystem. It explains producers, consumers, and trophic levels using examples from food chains and webs. It describes how energy is transferred between trophic levels with decreasing efficiency. It also maps out the nitrogen cycle within ecosystems, showing how nitrogen is fixed from the air by bacteria, cycles through organisms, and returns to the air through decomposition and denitrification.
Macroinvertebrate Communities in Ephemeral Ponds: Effects of Competition, Lan...
- The study examined how competitive interactions with salamander larvae and abiotic habitat variables determine macroinvertebrate species richness in ephemeral ponds.
- Experimental sites varied in canopy cover (open or closed) and presence/absence of salamander larvae. Species richness was highest in open sites and was best predicted by abiotic habitat variables like hydroperiod rather than biotic interactions.
- Competition from salamander larvae appeared to have little impact on species richness, possibly due to the highly disturbed nature of ephemeral ponds and low larval densities.
6yr 09 #12 Food Chains
This document discusses food chains and ecosystems. It defines a food chain as showing what eats what in an ecosystem. An ecosystem includes all the animals, plants, and their habitats that provide everything needed to sustain life. This particular food chain shows plants being eaten by slugs, slugs eaten by frogs, and frogs eaten by herons. Most food chains begin with a green plant that acts as a producer, making its own food. Animals that eat plants or other animals are consumers. Predators are animals that hunt and eat other animals, while prey are animals that are hunted and eaten. Energy flows through the food chain as each organism eats another to gain energy, keeping the ecosystem alive.
Food Web.pptx
The document discusses different types of food webs:
- Connectance food webs show consumption relationships between species with equally weighted arrows.
- Interaction food webs also use arrows but weight them to show the strength of consumption between species.
- Energy flow food webs quantify and show the flux of energy between organisms.
- Fossil food webs reconstruct past relationships between species based on fossil evidence.
- Functional food webs depict how populations influence each other's growth rates.
Food web
A food web is a more complex network, graphical model depicting the many food chains linked together to show the feeding relationships of organisms in an ecosystem.
Food web is an important ecological concept. Basically, food web represents feeding relationships within a community (Smith and Smith 2009)
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
document-part- (3).doc
A food chain is a linear network of organisms connected through feeding relationships, starting with primary producers like plants that produce food through photosynthesis, and ending with apex predators or decomposers. Each organism in the chain occupies a different trophic level. A food chain differs from a food web because it only follows a single pathway, while food webs include interconnected food chains. Key aspects of food chains include trophic levels, chain length, and energy transfer between levels which typically decreases at each subsequent level. Primary producers are essential as they harness energy that supports all other organisms in the chain.
More Related Content
What's hot
Differences between food chains & food webs in ecosystem
This document compares food webs and food chains. It explains that a food chain shows a single, linear pathway of organisms eating one another, starting with a producer like grass and ending with a top predator like a hawk. A food web is more complex, showing multiple possible feeding relationships and pathways through an ecosystem. It provides the example of a hawk that may prey on mice, squirrels or frogs, rather than just the single organism depicted in a food chain.
energy pyramid
The document discusses the flow of energy through ecosystems via an energy pyramid. It explains that energy from the sun is transferred to plants, then to smaller animals, then to bigger animals, and finally the largest animals. As the energy moves through the food chain, each animal uses most of the energy for itself and passes on only a small amount, resulting in less available energy at each higher level of the pyramid. An energy pyramid illustrates how the amount of energy remaining decreases as it moves through a food chain or web in an ecosystem.
2. manifiest of shame
The document expresses shame at calling oneself human, given that humans consider themselves superior to other species despite comprising a tiny fraction of the planet's 8.7 million species. It notes that just 1% of the human population owns 99% of global resources, leaving most species and people without much chance for survival. The document argues that humans, through capitalist systems that encourage unlimited accumulation and consumption, are behaving like a plague on the planet by grabbing resources without need, justifying destruction of other forms of life, and prioritizing profits over sustainability.
ABSTRACT
Small mammals play important roles in ecosystems but their diversity decreases in urban areas and smaller forest fragments. A study at the University of West Georgia used game cameras to assess small mammal and feral cat populations across six forest patches varying in size on campus. The results showed greater small mammal richness in larger patches and higher relative cat abundance in smaller, more urbanized patches. Increased cat numbers in these patches likely stemmed from more available human food sources and their presence corresponded to lower native small mammal species diversity, possibly due to greater competition and predation.
Food Chain & Food Web
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines a food chain as the transfer of energy from primary producers like plants through a series of organisms as each is eaten. Food chains can be grazing or detrital. A food web shows the complex network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem. It demonstrates how energy flows from producers to primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. The document presents figures illustrating general and specific examples of terrestrial, aquatic, soil and forest food webs.
food webs & food chains
This document discusses food webs and food chains. It defines a food chain as showing how each living thing gets its food, with some animals eating plants and others eating other animals. A food web is described as showing all the possible feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem, and is made up of several interconnected food chains. The document outlines the key components of a food chain as producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers like plants get energy from the sun, consumers obtain food by hunting/gathering as they cannot produce their own, and decomposers and scavengers break down dead organisms.
Food chains & Food webs
The document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines key terms like ecosystem, habitat, population, community, food chain, and food web. It provides examples of food chains like grass-springbok-cheetah. A food web shows how different food chains are interlinked, with herbivores serving as food for various predators, carnivores and omnivores. Decomposers play an important role in food webs by recycling nutrients from dead plants and animals back into the soil.
6352.ecosystems 8
The document discusses key concepts in ecosystems including types of ecosystems (natural vs artificial), components (biotic and abiotic), food chains and webs, and ecological pyramids. It explains that ecosystems are defined as the living and non-living interactions in an environment. Natural ecosystems include terrestrial and aquatic, while artificial ones are human-made like agriculture. Food chains transfer energy from producers to consumers to decomposers, forming webs, and pyramids illustrate the relationships between trophic levels in terms of numbers, biomass, and energy.
THE FOOD CHAIN
The document discusses the food chain and its key components. It explains that the food chain is the transfer of food energy from producers, like plants that produce their own food, to consumers, including herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. Decomposers then break down the organic remains. Examples of terrestrial and aquatic food chains are provided, showing how energy passes between grass, grasshoppers, frogs, snakes and hawks in a land chain, and between algae, shrimp, fish and sharks in a water chain.
Queency powerpoint
1) Food chains describe the transfer of energy from producers to consumers in an ecosystem. Producers such as plants get energy from the sun which is then consumed by primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.
2) Organisms obtain food through predation, symbiosis, and mutualism. In predation, one organism hunts another for food. Symbiosis describes living together, including parasitism where one benefits at the expense of the other, commensalism where one benefits without affecting the other, and mutualism where both benefit.
3) Disruptions to the food chain, such as the loss of a population like frogs in a pond, can negatively impact other populations that depend on
Trophic Pyramids
Trophic levels refer to the feeding positions that organisms occupy in a food chain or web. Producers such as plants are at the first trophic level. Herbivores that eat plants are at the second level. Carnivores that eat herbivores are at the third level. Top carnivores at the fourth level obtain energy by preying on other carnivores. Energy availability decreases at higher trophic levels as the energy from lower levels is used for metabolism and growth rather than being fully transferred up the food chain.
2007.Sci Foo
The document discusses Science Publishing for the MySpace Generation and the Encyclopedia of Life. It notes that while over 1.8 million species have been described based on 300 million pages of data collected over 250 years, up to 87% of life on Earth remains undescribed. It also states that only 6% of biodiversity scientists are covering 80% of the world's biodiversity, and at the current rate most species will be extinct before being described. The goal of projects like the Encyclopedia of Life is to help inventory and understand Earth's species and their relationships to create predictive information systems from biodiversity data.
Sect 14.3
1) The document discusses key concepts in ecology including producers, consumers, food chains, and symbiotic relationships.
2) Producers such as plants use photosynthesis to obtain energy from the sun, while some use chemosynthesis, and consumers obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers.
3) Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, and an organism's niche describes how it finds resources and avoids threats in its environment.
Sect 14.1&2
An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in an area along with the physical components of the environment. A population is a group of the same species that lives in the same ecosystem, while a community includes all the populations in an ecosystem. Limiting factors like food and water usually have the greatest effect on population size by restricting its growth and determining the ecosystem's carrying capacity, which is the maximum population it can sustain.
Quiz............rashmi
This document contains questions and answers on various environmental science topics. It discusses that the sun is the ultimate energy source, and depletion of the ozone layer can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immunity. It defines food chains as single paths of energy transfer between trophic levels, while food webs include multiple interconnected food chains. Ozone in the atmosphere protects from UV rays and forms from oxygen interactions. Producers like plants make their own food, unlike consumers. Bacteria and fungi are decomposers that break down waste and aid nutrient recycling. Testing pH and coliform bacteria indicates water pollution levels. Natural resources must be managed to prevent exhaustion and ensure environmental stability.
Food webs food chains
This document discusses the tools used to describe the food connections between living beings in an ecosystem. A trophic chain represents the passing of matter and energy between a few organisms, starting with a producer and ending with a tertiary consumer. A trophic web sets of interconnected trophic chains that cross over due to common steps and represents all organisms in an ecosystem.
Jo's slides
The document defines key ecology terms like habitat, niche, population, community, and ecosystem. It explains producers, consumers, and trophic levels using examples from food chains and webs. It describes how energy is transferred between trophic levels with decreasing efficiency. It also maps out the nitrogen cycle within ecosystems, showing how nitrogen is fixed from the air by bacteria, cycles through organisms, and returns to the air through decomposition and denitrification.
Macroinvertebrate Communities in Ephemeral Ponds: Effects of Competition, Lan...
- The study examined how competitive interactions with salamander larvae and abiotic habitat variables determine macroinvertebrate species richness in ephemeral ponds.
- Experimental sites varied in canopy cover (open or closed) and presence/absence of salamander larvae. Species richness was highest in open sites and was best predicted by abiotic habitat variables like hydroperiod rather than biotic interactions.
- Competition from salamander larvae appeared to have little impact on species richness, possibly due to the highly disturbed nature of ephemeral ponds and low larval densities.
6yr 09 #12 Food Chains
This document discusses food chains and ecosystems. It defines a food chain as showing what eats what in an ecosystem. An ecosystem includes all the animals, plants, and their habitats that provide everything needed to sustain life. This particular food chain shows plants being eaten by slugs, slugs eaten by frogs, and frogs eaten by herons. Most food chains begin with a green plant that acts as a producer, making its own food. Animals that eat plants or other animals are consumers. Predators are animals that hunt and eat other animals, while prey are animals that are hunted and eaten. Energy flows through the food chain as each organism eats another to gain energy, keeping the ecosystem alive.
What's hot (19)
Differences between food chains & food webs in ecosystem
Differences between food chains & food webs in ecosystem
Macroinvertebrate Communities in Ephemeral Ponds: Effects of Competition, Lan...
Macroinvertebrate Communities in Ephemeral Ponds: Effects of Competition, Lan...
Similar to FOOD CHAIN
Food Web.pptx
The document discusses different types of food webs:
- Connectance food webs show consumption relationships between species with equally weighted arrows.
- Interaction food webs also use arrows but weight them to show the strength of consumption between species.
- Energy flow food webs quantify and show the flux of energy between organisms.
- Fossil food webs reconstruct past relationships between species based on fossil evidence.
- Functional food webs depict how populations influence each other's growth rates.
Food web
A food web is a more complex network, graphical model depicting the many food chains linked together to show the feeding relationships of organisms in an ecosystem.
Food web is an important ecological concept. Basically, food web represents feeding relationships within a community (Smith and Smith 2009)
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
document-part- (3).doc
A food chain is a linear network of organisms connected through feeding relationships, starting with primary producers like plants that produce food through photosynthesis, and ending with apex predators or decomposers. Each organism in the chain occupies a different trophic level. A food chain differs from a food web because it only follows a single pathway, while food webs include interconnected food chains. Key aspects of food chains include trophic levels, chain length, and energy transfer between levels which typically decreases at each subsequent level. Primary producers are essential as they harness energy that supports all other organisms in the chain.
Food chain
The document defines food chains and food webs. A food chain transfers energy from producers like plants through consumers like herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers. A food web shows the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem. There are three main types of food chains - grazing, parasitic, and detritus. Energy flows through a food chain from producers to consumers but is lost at each transfer, with about 90% lost at each trophic level. Food webs are important for understanding energy flow and population dynamics within an ecosystem.
Food Chains and Food Webs
The document discusses food webs and ecological pyramids. It defines ecological niches and explains trophic levels in a food chain. Primary producers are at the first trophic level, primary consumers at the second, and carnivores at the third and fourth levels. Food chains are simplified and food webs show more complex, interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Ecological pyramids illustrate the energy, numbers, and biomass at each trophic level, with higher levels containing less energy and fewer individuals than lower levels due to energy loss between trophic transfers.
5. Environmental Biology
The document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including habitats, populations, communities, species, and ecosystems. It discusses food chains and webs, explaining producers, consumers, and energy transfer. It also covers adaptations, biodiversity, behavioral adaptations in animals, and competition within ecosystems.
2 food chains in ecosystem
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines key terms like producers, consumers, decomposers, herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. Producers like plants and algae are at the bottom of food chains, using photosynthesis to produce energy from the sun. Consumers eat other organisms to obtain energy and nutrients, and decomposers break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients. Food chains interconnect to form complex food webs in ecosystems. Energy is lost at each trophic level, as shown in energy pyramids, with fewer organisms at higher levels requiring more resources from below. Maintaining healthy food chains is important for sustaining all life.
Ecosystem
The document defines key terms related to ecology, including environment, biosphere, ecosystem, habitat, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. It explains that trophic levels represent an organism's position in a food chain, with producers at the base and tertiary consumers at the top. Food webs show how multiple intersecting food chains are interconnected in nature. Ecological pyramids graphically represent numbers, biomass, and energy at different trophic levels, with pyramids of biomass and energy always decreasing upwards and pyramids of numbers varying in shape.
Karthik's presentation
This document compares food chains and food webs. It defines a food chain as a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy are transferred, while a food web is a network of interconnected food chains. Food chains represent single predator-prey relationships, whereas food webs show the complex and multiple feeding relationships between all organisms in an ecosystem. Food webs are more stable than food chains because disruptions in one species can be buffered by alternative food sources and pathways in the web.
Food web (1) 2
The document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines producers, consumers, and decomposers. It explains how energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems via trophic levels from primary producers to higher level consumers. Food webs are more complex than linear food chains and illustrate interconnecting feeding relationships in a community. Destabilizing food webs through human activities can negatively impact ecosystem functioning.
food chain.pptx
This document defines and compares food chains and food webs. A food chain shows a linear transfer of energy from plants through herbivores and carnivores. Food webs are more complex and show that most organisms are part of multiple overlapping food chains. They depict all the feeding relationships in an ecosystem and increase the adaptability of organisms. Decomposers like bacteria and fungi break down dead material and return nutrients to the soil to complete the cycle.
FOOD WEB.pptx
The document defines a food web as the interlocking pattern of various food chains in an ecosystem, with different organisms connected at different trophic levels so there are multiple opportunities for eating and being eaten. It provides an example food web of grass being eaten by insects and deer, which are then eaten by carnivores. Additionally, if a species is affected in a food web it does not seriously impact other trophic levels as there are other options, whereas a disruption in a single linear food chain can affect subsequent levels. Food webs play an important role in ecosystems by facilitating energy flow and nutrient cycling, and help regulate population sizes to maintain ecological balance.
Grade 9, U3-L3 Food Chains and Food Webs
This document discusses ecological niches, food webs, and ecological pyramids. It defines key concepts like producers, consumers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and describes trophic levels. Food chains are simplified representations of feeding relationships, while food webs show complex and interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels, with higher levels containing less energy and fewer individuals than lower levels due to energy loss at each transfer.
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Subject Environmental Sciences in the syllabus of 1st year b pharmacy semester 2nd contain point The FOOD CHAIN & FOOD WEB.
Introduction, environment, ecosystem, ecological pyramids
The document defines key terms related to ecology, including habitat, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. It explains that a habitat is the environment where an organism lives, trophic levels refer to an organism's position in a food chain, and food chains and webs show feeding relationships between organisms. Ecological pyramids graphically represent biomass, numbers of organisms, and energy at different trophic levels, with producers at the base and higher-level consumers at the top. Biomass and numbers pyramids can be upright, inverted, or partially upright, while energy pyramids are always upright due to energy loss between trophic levels.
jejemon.
An ecosystem consists of all the living and non-living things in a given area that interact. Producers like plants provide food by converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. Consumers obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers, and decomposers break down waste and dead organisms. Energy and nutrients cycle through the ecosystem via food chains and food webs as one organism eats another.
04 energy flow in ecosystems
1) Energy from the sun is absorbed by producers like plants through photosynthesis and converted into chemical energy in sugars. 2) Consumers obtain this energy by eating producers or other consumers. 3) Decomposers break down dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the environment and completing the energy cycle.
Ecology energy flow pathway in an ecosystem
The document discusses energy flow through ecosystems. It begins by explaining that the sun is the primary energy source for ecosystems and that plants convert the sun's radiant energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. This chemical energy then passes through food chains, with approximately 10% of the energy being transferred to each higher trophic level. Various models and laws are described that illustrate principles like the one-way flow of energy and the inefficiencies of transfers between trophic levels. Overall, the summary emphasizes that sunlight powers ecosystems by being converted to chemical energy by plants and then traveling through food webs in a step-wise, 10%-losing manner.
Chapter 2 - Ecosystems - Science 10E
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including:
- Ecosystems are made up of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that interact in complex ways. Nutrients cycle through ecosystems via producers, consumers, and decomposers.
- Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels in an ecosystem, with higher levels containing fewer and smaller organisms due to energy losses between levels.
- Symbiotic relationships between species include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, with examples like cleaner fish and anemone crabs demonstrating mutualism.
Chapter2
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including:
- Ecosystems are made up of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that interact in complex ways. Nutrients cycle through ecosystems via producers, consumers, and decomposers.
- Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels in an ecosystem, with higher levels containing fewer and smaller organisms due to energy losses between levels.
- Symbiotic relationships between species include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, with examples like cleaner fish and their client fish demonstrating mutualism.
Similar to FOOD CHAIN (20)
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Introduction, environment, ecosystem, ecological pyramids
Introduction, environment, ecosystem, ecological pyramids
More from ANJANA VIDHYADHARAN
The Human Respiratory System
The document provides information about the human respiratory system. It describes the key parts of the respiratory system including the nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs and diaphragm. It explains that the respiratory system works to intake oxygen and remove carbon dioxide through the process of breathing, which involves inspiration and expiration achieved through contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and chest muscles. Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli of the lungs, where oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide passes out.
The human respiratory system ppt.1pptx
The human respiratory system allows for gas exchange between the external environment and blood. It consists of the nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm and other structures. During inspiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, lowering pressure and allowing air into the lungs. During expiration, they relax, raising pressure and pushing air out. Oxygen diffuses into the blood in the lungs and carbon dioxide diffuses out, carried by red blood cells to and from tissues via cellular respiration.
The human respiratory system
The human respiratory system allows for gas exchange between the external environment and blood. It consists of the nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm and other structures. During inspiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, lowering pressure and allowing air into the lungs. During expiration, these muscles relax, pressure rises, pushing air out. Oxygen diffuses into blood in the lungs, binding to hemoglobin, while carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood and into air exhaled. Cellular respiration uses oxygen to produce energy, releasing carbon dioxide as a waste product into surrounding tissues and blood to be exhaled.
The human respiratory system ppt.1pptx
The human respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Air enters the lungs through the nose and mouth, and passes through the trachea into the bronchi and bronchioles before reaching the alveoli in the lungs. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged between the alveolar air and blood through the process of diffusion. Contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles during inhalation lowers the pressure in the thoracic cavity, drawing air into the lungs. During exhalation, relaxation of these muscles increases pressure and pushes air out.
Name of te
The teacher taught students about the classification of human life into four stages by the scholar Tamlu Jamalu.
The document defined key terms and provided facts about each stage: hunter-gatherers (samood), pastoralists (t{]m«n-Ì), village dwellers (^wssP) and settled people (1mtâ).
Students learned about how human lives have been categorized into stages of development through activities and discussion. They demonstrated understanding of how different types of lives are represented in the four stages of classification.
hybridization
Hybridization is the process of breeding plants and animals to produce hybrid offspring that have desired qualities. It involves cross-breeding two parent varieties to develop a new hybrid variety that possesses traits from both parents, such as high yield, disease resistance, or climate tolerance. The process involves selecting parent plants, removing stamens from female flowers, collecting pollen from male flowers, pollinating the female flowers, collecting mature seeds, and selecting offspring with better qualities over several generations. Hybrid varieties developed through this process contribute greatly to agricultural progress as they are widely used for traits like high yield and disease resistance.
lesson plan
The teacher taught students about the classification of human life into four stages by the scholar Tamlu Jamalu.
The document defined key terms and provided facts about each stage: hunter-gatherers (samood), pastoralists (t{]m«n-Ì), village dwellers (^wssP) and settled people (1mtâ).
The lesson engaged students in activities to reinforce the four stages of human life classified in Tamlu Jamalu's work, aiming to help students understand human life and development through history in a fun way.
Food chain
A food chain shows how organisms are related through the transfer of energy from one organism to another as each consumes the next. Food chains were first introduced in the 9th century and later popularized in a 1927 book. A food chain involves producers, consumers, and decomposers, with energy transferring unidirectionally. Typically, 80-90% of energy is lost at each transfer between trophic levels, though omnivores can occupy multiple levels. The document provides several examples of food chains within an ecosystem.
Teaching manual
This document outlines a teaching manual for an 8th standard biology lesson on diseases that reduce agricultural yield. The lesson aims to develop students' knowledge, process skills, and attitudes on this topic through various teaching methods. Key points covered include common plant and animal diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses; how diseases make agriculture unprofitable; and the importance of disease resistance in agriculture. Students participate in activities to identify disease symptoms, microorganisms that cause disease, and how diseases spread between animals and humans.
Teaching manual 1
This document outlines a teaching manual for an 8th standard biology class on diseases that reduce agricultural yield. The 45-minute lesson involves introducing common plant diseases through classroom discussions, activities identifying microorganisms and symptoms of diseases in crops, and reviewing key points. Examples discussed include anthrax in cattle, bunchy top disease in plantains, and mahali yellowing in arecanuts. Students are asked to collect more information on agricultural diseases through interactions with local farmers.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is the growth of plant tissues or cells in a sterile medium separate from the organism. It has several applications, including the large-scale commercial production of identical plants, conserving rare species, screening plant cells for desirable traits, and producing valuable compounds from plant cells in liquid culture. Tissue culture also allows for crossing distantly related plant species and producing clean plant material free of viruses. Its advantages include producing many copies of plants with beneficial properties, allowing plant production anytime regardless of climate, and eliminating plant infections. However, its disadvantages are the high costs of equipment for large-scale production and the need for careful, trial-and-error work that depends on the plant species.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is the growth of plant tissues or cells separately from the organism, usually using a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium. Tissue culture has applications in commercial plant production, conserving endangered species, plant breeding to develop desirable traits like herbicide resistance, producing valuable compounds through growing plant cells in bioreactors, and creating hybrids between distantly related species. The advantages of tissue culture include producing many copies of plants with beneficial properties, allowing plant growth anytime regardless of climate conditions, and generating disease-free plants. However, the disadvantages are high costs for large-scale production, variability requiring experimentation, need for close monitoring, potential for identity errors, and decreased genetic diversity.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is the process of growing plant cells, tissues or organs separately from the organism in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. It allows for large scale production of identical plant materials and is used for commercial production of plants, conserving rare species, breeding disease-resistant varieties, and producing valuable compounds. Some advantages are producing many copies of plants with desirable traits, being able to grow plants anytime regardless of climate, and removing plant diseases or infections. However, it requires expensive equipment, careful procedures, and there is a risk of contamination or loss of genetic variability.
The human respiratory system
The human respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Air enters the body through the nose and travels through the trachea into the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the bloodstream and into the air sacs. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles help draw air into and push air out of the lungs during breathing.
Food chain
A food chain shows how organisms are related through the transfer of energy as each organism eats another for sustenance. Food chains were first described by the scientist Al-Jahiz in the 9th century and later popularized by Charles Elton, who also introduced the concept of a food web. A food chain involves producers like plants being eaten by consumers in a linear progression, with energy being lost at each transfer between trophic levels, usually totaling a 90% loss by the top of the 4-5 level chain. Examples of food chains in an ecosystem are provided.
More from ANJANA VIDHYADHARAN (15)
Recently uploaded
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Constructing Your Course Container for Effective Communication
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Bed Making ( Introduction, Purpose, Types, Articles, Scientific principles, N...
Topic : Bed making
Subject : Nursing Foundation
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Recently uploaded (20)
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
Constructing Your Course Container for Effective Communication
Constructing Your Course Container for Effective Communication
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
Bed Making ( Introduction, Purpose, Types, Articles, Scientific principles, N...
Bed Making ( Introduction, Purpose, Types, Articles, Scientific principles, N...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
IGCSE Biology Chapter 14- Reproduction in Plants.pdf
IGCSE Biology Chapter 14- Reproduction in Plants.pdf
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
FOOD CHAIN
- 2. FOOD CHAIN A food chain is a linear sequence of links in a food web starting from a species that are called producers in the web and ends at a species that is called decomposers species in the web. A food chain also shows how the organisms are related with each other by the food they eat. Food chains were first introduced by the African-Arab scientist and philosopher Al-Jahiz in the 9th century and later popularized in a book published in 1927 by Charles Elton, which also introduced the food web concept.
- 3. Characteristics of a Food Chain In a food chain, a) there is repeated eating in which each group eats the smaller one and is eaten by the larger one. Thus, it involves a nutritive interaction between the biotic components of an ecosystem. b) the plants and animals which depend successively on one another form the limbs of a food chain. c) there is unidirectional flow of energy from sun to producers and then to a series of consumers of various types. Thus, a food chain is always straight and proceeds in a progressing straight line.
- 4. d) usually 80 to 90% of potential energy is lost as heat at each transfer on the basis of second law of thermodynamics (transformation of energy involves loss of unavailable energy). e) usually there are 4 or 5 trophic levels. Shorter food chains provide greater available energy and vice - versa. f ) omnivores occupy more than one trophic level and, some organisms occupy different trophic positions in different food chains.
- 5. FOOD CHAINS IN THE ECOSYSTEM SACRED GROVE
- 6. Grass Grasshopper Frog Snake Grass Grasshopper Cock Vanda Worms Crow Grass Grasshopper Chameleon Owl Grass Grasshopper Rat Snake Eagle
- 7. Climbers Worms Frog Snake Mango Tree Squirrels Snake Eagle Grass Beetle Rat Snake