Basic carrying capacity presentation, with key definitions and examples. Data are always changing on carrying capacity estimates. This uses data that is about 8 years old, but it is useful if you explain this to your students from the start.
The document discusses carrying capacity and growth curves. It defines carrying capacity as the population size an area can support without environmental deterioration. Food availability, reproduction, and disease help regulate animal and human populations. The world population growth curve resembles bacterial growth curves, raising concerns that overpopulation could cause humans to exceed Earth's carrying capacity like bacteria in a closed system. Maps show current high population densities in parts of the world.
The document summarizes the 13th birthday and activities of the sasrai-Movement, which has been working since 2004 to promote sustainable consumption and conservation. It lists 15 school presentations the movement gave in March and April 2016 about topics like climate change, forests, water, and health. It also provides 19 facts about threats to the planet like declining wildlife populations and the growing global water crisis. It argues that rapid depletion of resources poses the biggest threat and that movements like sasrai are key to achieving sustainable development goals regardless of climate impacts.
Population growth follows an S-shaped curve, starting slow, then increasing rapidly before leveling off. Human population growth differs in that we have altered our environment to support more people through technologies like sanitation. All populations are limited by factors like food, disease, predators, space, etc. When a population exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment, limiting factors cause deaths to exceed births until the population stabilizes below the carrying capacity. Organisms have different life history patterns like rapid reproduction seen in mosquitoes versus slow reproduction in elephants. Density-dependent factors like disease have increasing effects as populations rise while density-independent factors like storms affect populations regardless of size. Predation, competition for resources, crowding, and stress all act as
The article summarizes the development of a new white clover variety called Neches developed by Dr. Gerald Smith at Texas A&M AgriLife Research. Neches flowers and produces seed much earlier than other varieties, as early as June, allowing it to reseed itself before summer heat and drought kill the plants. It was developed over many years through careful crossings and selection of parent lines with traits like early flowering, large leaves, and high yield. Neches shows potential to be more productive and sustainable for East Texas agriculture compared to other varieties.
Ecofeminism links feminism and ecology by arguing that the exploitation and domination of women is connected to the exploitation and domination of the environment. Ecofeminists believe this connection is illustrated through values like reciprocity, nurturing and cooperation that are present in both women and nature. Additionally, ecofeminists draw connections between natural phenomena like menstruation and moon cycles or childbirth and creation. Women and nature are also united through their shared history of oppression by patriarchal Western society.
This document contains 24 references used in a capstone paper about restoring wolves to Colorado. The thesis argues that restoring wolves would benefit Colorado's ecosystem and economy. Some key points made in the paper include that wolves kill very few livestock, proven non-lethal strategies can reduce depredations, tourism related to wolves generates over $35 million annually in Yellowstone, and Colorado has suitable habitat and a prey base to support a wolf population. The document concludes Colorado should restore wolves to their historic range for ecological and economic reasons.
Human population growth is different from bacteria in that humans can consciously change their environment through developments like eradicating diseases, improving food production, and advancing technology. The population growth rate is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate, and a positive growth rate means the population is increasing while a negative one means it is decreasing. A doubling time refers to how long it takes for a population to double in size, and depends on the current population and growth rate, with developing countries typically having a faster doubling time.
Basic carrying capacity presentation, with key definitions and examples. Data are always changing on carrying capacity estimates. This uses data that is about 8 years old, but it is useful if you explain this to your students from the start.
The document discusses carrying capacity and growth curves. It defines carrying capacity as the population size an area can support without environmental deterioration. Food availability, reproduction, and disease help regulate animal and human populations. The world population growth curve resembles bacterial growth curves, raising concerns that overpopulation could cause humans to exceed Earth's carrying capacity like bacteria in a closed system. Maps show current high population densities in parts of the world.
The document summarizes the 13th birthday and activities of the sasrai-Movement, which has been working since 2004 to promote sustainable consumption and conservation. It lists 15 school presentations the movement gave in March and April 2016 about topics like climate change, forests, water, and health. It also provides 19 facts about threats to the planet like declining wildlife populations and the growing global water crisis. It argues that rapid depletion of resources poses the biggest threat and that movements like sasrai are key to achieving sustainable development goals regardless of climate impacts.
Population growth follows an S-shaped curve, starting slow, then increasing rapidly before leveling off. Human population growth differs in that we have altered our environment to support more people through technologies like sanitation. All populations are limited by factors like food, disease, predators, space, etc. When a population exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment, limiting factors cause deaths to exceed births until the population stabilizes below the carrying capacity. Organisms have different life history patterns like rapid reproduction seen in mosquitoes versus slow reproduction in elephants. Density-dependent factors like disease have increasing effects as populations rise while density-independent factors like storms affect populations regardless of size. Predation, competition for resources, crowding, and stress all act as
The article summarizes the development of a new white clover variety called Neches developed by Dr. Gerald Smith at Texas A&M AgriLife Research. Neches flowers and produces seed much earlier than other varieties, as early as June, allowing it to reseed itself before summer heat and drought kill the plants. It was developed over many years through careful crossings and selection of parent lines with traits like early flowering, large leaves, and high yield. Neches shows potential to be more productive and sustainable for East Texas agriculture compared to other varieties.
Ecofeminism links feminism and ecology by arguing that the exploitation and domination of women is connected to the exploitation and domination of the environment. Ecofeminists believe this connection is illustrated through values like reciprocity, nurturing and cooperation that are present in both women and nature. Additionally, ecofeminists draw connections between natural phenomena like menstruation and moon cycles or childbirth and creation. Women and nature are also united through their shared history of oppression by patriarchal Western society.
This document contains 24 references used in a capstone paper about restoring wolves to Colorado. The thesis argues that restoring wolves would benefit Colorado's ecosystem and economy. Some key points made in the paper include that wolves kill very few livestock, proven non-lethal strategies can reduce depredations, tourism related to wolves generates over $35 million annually in Yellowstone, and Colorado has suitable habitat and a prey base to support a wolf population. The document concludes Colorado should restore wolves to their historic range for ecological and economic reasons.
Human population growth is different from bacteria in that humans can consciously change their environment through developments like eradicating diseases, improving food production, and advancing technology. The population growth rate is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate, and a positive growth rate means the population is increasing while a negative one means it is decreasing. A doubling time refers to how long it takes for a population to double in size, and depends on the current population and growth rate, with developing countries typically having a faster doubling time.
This document discusses the importance of biodiversity and the interconnectedness of all life on Earth. It explains that humanity depends on millions of plant and animal species for basic needs like food, water, air and materials. However, human activities like habitat destruction are causing biodiversity loss at an alarming rate, with over 1,000 species already extinct and many more threatened. Small organisms like bacteria, fungi and insects play vital roles in ecosystems by decomposing waste, recycling nutrients, controlling pests and more. The document urges protecting biodiversity for the health of the environment and humanity.
Food webs show the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. They can be represented topologically to simply show relationships, or as flow webs to show the strength of interactions. Examples of different food webs include soil food webs describing underground communities, aquatic food webs of water systems, and forest food webs comprising producers, consumers, and decomposers. Food webs are important because they distinguish producers and consumers, identify animal relationships and food sources, and provide stability to ecosystems by sustaining life.
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines a food chain as the transfer of matter and energy from one organism to another through eating relationships. A food chain has producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers make their own food, consumers eat other organisms, and decomposers break down dead organisms. A food web shows the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem and how different species interact with and depend on one another. Understanding food chains and food webs is important for appreciating ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity.
Marine and freshwater ecology understanding the complexities of food chains...Amani Riyadh
1. The document discusses food chains and food webs in marine and freshwater ecology. It explains the trophic levels and differences between food chains and complex food webs.
2. It also compares freshwater and marine fish, noting differences in their habitat, species, and physiology. Freshwater fish live in environments with less salinity while marine fish require saltwater.
3. Additionally, the document talks about Saudi Aramco's efforts to promote biodiversity through artificial reefs deployed in the Arabian Gulf and Red Sea. Over 3,000 reef blocks have increased species numbers and productivity at sites like Manifa and Jubail.
The document discusses key concepts in ecosystem structure and function. It defines ecosystems according to Eugene Odum and describes their four basic components: abiotic substances, producers, consumers, and decomposers. It also discusses food chains and food webs, explaining how energy and nutrients flow between trophic levels in an ecosystem. Various types of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are described.
Coral reefs are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth, providing goods and services to tens of millions of people. Coral reefs are made up of coral polyps that are both animals and plants, obtaining food through photosynthesis and consuming plankton. However, coral reefs are threatened by global warming, pollution, overharvesting, and other human and natural disturbances. Recent events like coral bleaching and hurricanes have caused extensive damage to coral reef populations and reef structures.
How To Write A Movie Story Cheap Selling, Save 63Brooke Curtis
1. The document provides steps for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, completing an order form, reviewing writer bids, authorizing payment, and requesting revisions.
2. Writers on the platform utilize a bidding system, and customers can ensure assignments meet expectations before authorizing final payment.
3. HelpWriting.net promises original, high-quality content and offers refunds for plagiarized work, aiming to fully meet customer needs.
This document discusses key concepts in ecology, including:
1) Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It examines relationships between living and non-living components.
2) Organisms exist within different ecological levels from cells to the biosphere. Food chains and webs show how energy flows between organisms as herbivores, carnivores and omnivores feed.
3) Populations grow over time according to exponential, logistic, or S-curve models until limited by carrying capacity due to factors like predation, competition, and crowding. Human population growth poses challenges for global carrying capacity.
This document provides an overview of ecosystems and their components. An ecosystem consists of all the living and nonliving things in an environment, and includes biotic factors like plants and animals as well as abiotic factors such as sunlight, air, water and soil. Within an ecosystem, organisms depend on each other and food webs show how energy transfers between producers, consumers and decomposers. Humans can negatively impact ecosystems through activities like pollution, deforestation and overuse of resources, but small changes can help reduce human impacts.
The document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines producers, consumers, and decomposers. It explains how energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems via trophic levels from primary producers to higher level consumers. Food webs are more complex than linear food chains and illustrate interconnecting feeding relationships in a community. Destabilizing food webs through human activities can negatively impact ecosystem functioning.
The document discusses key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It notes that ecology is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and earth science. It also describes several core ecological concepts - ecosystems are composed of interacting living and non-living parts; species have various relationships including competition and cooperation; nutrients cycle through biotic and abiotic components.
This document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including producers, consumers, decomposers, food webs, populations and communities. It explains that an ecosystem is made up of both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact, including plants, animals, soil, air and water. Producers are organisms like plants that can produce their own food, while consumers eat other organisms and decomposers break down dead organic matter.
Understandings:
The distribution of species is affected by limiting factors
Community structure can be strongly affected by keystone species
Each species plays a unique role within a community because of the unique combination of its spatial habitat and interactions with other species
Interactions between species in a community can be classified according to their effect
Two species cannot survive indefinitely in the same habitat if their niches are identical
The document defines key terms related to food chains and food webs, including producers, consumers, decomposers, trophic levels, and ecological pyramids. It explains that plants are producers that make their own food, while consumers eat other organisms and are divided into primary, secondary, tertiary, and sometimes quaternary levels. Decomposers break down waste and release nutrients. Food webs show interconnected food chains and the flow of energy and matter through an ecosystem.
Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. Ecologists study these relationships at different levels of organization, from individual organisms to global biomes. Food chains and webs model the flow of energy through an ecosystem, showing the feeding relationships between producers, consumers at different trophic levels, and decomposers.
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. The biosphere is the global ecosystem, encompassing all living things found in air, land, and water on Earth. Ecologists study how both biotic factors (living things) and abiotic factors (non-living things) influence organisms and populations within various levels of organization, from individuals to ecosystems. Energy and matter flow through ecosystems via food chains and food webs, with only about 10% of available energy being transferred between trophic levels. Key biogeochemical cycles such as the water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles recycle critical elements and compounds.
Earth has four main interacting systems: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. The biosphere contains all living things and is dependent on abiotic and biotic factors. Energy from the sun moves through food chains and webs as organisms consume other organisms or plants. Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat herbivores or other carnivores, and omnivores eat both plants and animals. Decomposers break down waste and cycle nutrients through the biosphere.
The document discusses different patterns of subsistence across human societies. It describes subsistence as how societies transform the environment into food, clothing and shelter. The main subsistence patterns discussed are foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture, and industrialization. Foraging societies rely on hunting and gathering while agricultural societies cultivate crops. As agriculture intensified, some societies urbanized and developed more complex social hierarchies, while others remained in rural areas as peasants providing food. Finally, the industrial revolution transformed subsistence in many regions through new technologies and global exchange.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
This document discusses the importance of biodiversity and the interconnectedness of all life on Earth. It explains that humanity depends on millions of plant and animal species for basic needs like food, water, air and materials. However, human activities like habitat destruction are causing biodiversity loss at an alarming rate, with over 1,000 species already extinct and many more threatened. Small organisms like bacteria, fungi and insects play vital roles in ecosystems by decomposing waste, recycling nutrients, controlling pests and more. The document urges protecting biodiversity for the health of the environment and humanity.
Food webs show the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. They can be represented topologically to simply show relationships, or as flow webs to show the strength of interactions. Examples of different food webs include soil food webs describing underground communities, aquatic food webs of water systems, and forest food webs comprising producers, consumers, and decomposers. Food webs are important because they distinguish producers and consumers, identify animal relationships and food sources, and provide stability to ecosystems by sustaining life.
This document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines a food chain as the transfer of matter and energy from one organism to another through eating relationships. A food chain has producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers make their own food, consumers eat other organisms, and decomposers break down dead organisms. A food web shows the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem and how different species interact with and depend on one another. Understanding food chains and food webs is important for appreciating ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity.
Marine and freshwater ecology understanding the complexities of food chains...Amani Riyadh
1. The document discusses food chains and food webs in marine and freshwater ecology. It explains the trophic levels and differences between food chains and complex food webs.
2. It also compares freshwater and marine fish, noting differences in their habitat, species, and physiology. Freshwater fish live in environments with less salinity while marine fish require saltwater.
3. Additionally, the document talks about Saudi Aramco's efforts to promote biodiversity through artificial reefs deployed in the Arabian Gulf and Red Sea. Over 3,000 reef blocks have increased species numbers and productivity at sites like Manifa and Jubail.
The document discusses key concepts in ecosystem structure and function. It defines ecosystems according to Eugene Odum and describes their four basic components: abiotic substances, producers, consumers, and decomposers. It also discusses food chains and food webs, explaining how energy and nutrients flow between trophic levels in an ecosystem. Various types of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are described.
Coral reefs are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth, providing goods and services to tens of millions of people. Coral reefs are made up of coral polyps that are both animals and plants, obtaining food through photosynthesis and consuming plankton. However, coral reefs are threatened by global warming, pollution, overharvesting, and other human and natural disturbances. Recent events like coral bleaching and hurricanes have caused extensive damage to coral reef populations and reef structures.
How To Write A Movie Story Cheap Selling, Save 63Brooke Curtis
1. The document provides steps for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, completing an order form, reviewing writer bids, authorizing payment, and requesting revisions.
2. Writers on the platform utilize a bidding system, and customers can ensure assignments meet expectations before authorizing final payment.
3. HelpWriting.net promises original, high-quality content and offers refunds for plagiarized work, aiming to fully meet customer needs.
This document discusses key concepts in ecology, including:
1) Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It examines relationships between living and non-living components.
2) Organisms exist within different ecological levels from cells to the biosphere. Food chains and webs show how energy flows between organisms as herbivores, carnivores and omnivores feed.
3) Populations grow over time according to exponential, logistic, or S-curve models until limited by carrying capacity due to factors like predation, competition, and crowding. Human population growth poses challenges for global carrying capacity.
This document provides an overview of ecosystems and their components. An ecosystem consists of all the living and nonliving things in an environment, and includes biotic factors like plants and animals as well as abiotic factors such as sunlight, air, water and soil. Within an ecosystem, organisms depend on each other and food webs show how energy transfers between producers, consumers and decomposers. Humans can negatively impact ecosystems through activities like pollution, deforestation and overuse of resources, but small changes can help reduce human impacts.
The document discusses food chains and food webs. It defines producers, consumers, and decomposers. It explains how energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems via trophic levels from primary producers to higher level consumers. Food webs are more complex than linear food chains and illustrate interconnecting feeding relationships in a community. Destabilizing food webs through human activities can negatively impact ecosystem functioning.
The document discusses key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It notes that ecology is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and earth science. It also describes several core ecological concepts - ecosystems are composed of interacting living and non-living parts; species have various relationships including competition and cooperation; nutrients cycle through biotic and abiotic components.
This document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including producers, consumers, decomposers, food webs, populations and communities. It explains that an ecosystem is made up of both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact, including plants, animals, soil, air and water. Producers are organisms like plants that can produce their own food, while consumers eat other organisms and decomposers break down dead organic matter.
Understandings:
The distribution of species is affected by limiting factors
Community structure can be strongly affected by keystone species
Each species plays a unique role within a community because of the unique combination of its spatial habitat and interactions with other species
Interactions between species in a community can be classified according to their effect
Two species cannot survive indefinitely in the same habitat if their niches are identical
The document defines key terms related to food chains and food webs, including producers, consumers, decomposers, trophic levels, and ecological pyramids. It explains that plants are producers that make their own food, while consumers eat other organisms and are divided into primary, secondary, tertiary, and sometimes quaternary levels. Decomposers break down waste and release nutrients. Food webs show interconnected food chains and the flow of energy and matter through an ecosystem.
Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. Ecologists study these relationships at different levels of organization, from individual organisms to global biomes. Food chains and webs model the flow of energy through an ecosystem, showing the feeding relationships between producers, consumers at different trophic levels, and decomposers.
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. The biosphere is the global ecosystem, encompassing all living things found in air, land, and water on Earth. Ecologists study how both biotic factors (living things) and abiotic factors (non-living things) influence organisms and populations within various levels of organization, from individuals to ecosystems. Energy and matter flow through ecosystems via food chains and food webs, with only about 10% of available energy being transferred between trophic levels. Key biogeochemical cycles such as the water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles recycle critical elements and compounds.
Earth has four main interacting systems: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. The biosphere contains all living things and is dependent on abiotic and biotic factors. Energy from the sun moves through food chains and webs as organisms consume other organisms or plants. Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat herbivores or other carnivores, and omnivores eat both plants and animals. Decomposers break down waste and cycle nutrients through the biosphere.
The document discusses different patterns of subsistence across human societies. It describes subsistence as how societies transform the environment into food, clothing and shelter. The main subsistence patterns discussed are foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture, and industrialization. Foraging societies rely on hunting and gathering while agricultural societies cultivate crops. As agriculture intensified, some societies urbanized and developed more complex social hierarchies, while others remained in rural areas as peasants providing food. Finally, the industrial revolution transformed subsistence in many regions through new technologies and global exchange.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
2. • Food chain, in ecology, the sequence of
transfers of matter and energy in the form of
food from organism to organism. Food
chains intertwine locally into a food
web because most organisms consume
more than one type of animal or plant.
• Plants, which convert solar energy to food
by photosynthesis, are the primary food
source. In a predator chain, a plant-eating
animal is eaten by a flesh-eating animal.
• In a parasite chain, a smaller organism
consumes part of a larger host and may
itself be parasitized by even smaller
organisms.
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4. • Plants are called producers because they are able to
use light energy from the sun to produce food (sugar)
from carbon dioxide and water. Animals cannot make
their own food so they must eat plants and/or other
animals. They are called consumers.
• Animals that eat only plants are called herbivores.
• Animals that eat other animals are called carnivores.
• Animals and people who eat both animals and plants
are called omnivores.
• Then there are decomposers (bacteria, fungi, and
even some worms), which feed on decaying matter.
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5. Food Web
5
• A food web consists of all the food chains in a
single ecosystem. Each living thing in an
ecosystem is part of multiple food chains.
Each food chain is one possible path
that energy and nutrients may take as they move
through the ecosystem.
• All of the interconnected and overlapping food
chains in an ecosystem make up a food web.
6. 6
• One of the earliest descriptions of a food chain was described
by a medieval Afro-Arab scholar named Al-Jahiz.
• The earliest graphical depiction of a food web was by Lorenzo
Camerano in 1880, followed independently by those of Pierce
and colleagues in 1912 and Victor Shelford in 1913.
• Charles Elton subsequently pioneered the concept of food
cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book
"Animal Ecology“.
• Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent
ecological text.
Background
8. 8
Food Chain Food Web
• It refers to a natural system by which
energy is transmitted from one
organism to another.
• Member of higher trophic level feed
upon a single type of organism.
• It does not have any effect on
improving the adaptability and
competitiveness of the organism.
• Example- Carrots ---> rabbit --> snake -
-> eagle
• It consists of a number of
interconnected food chains.
• Member of higher trophic level feed
upon many organisms.
• Food webs improves the adaptability
and competitiveness of the organism.
• Example- A hawk might also eat a
mouse, a squirrel, a frog or some other
animal. The snake may eat a beetle, a
caterpillar, or some other animal. And
so on for all the other animals in the
food chain.
10. 10
Case Study
"Volunteering at The Food Chain gives you a great sense of community and friendship."
"I filled out a volunteer application form because I think that volunteering should be a natural thing that we all
do to reach out to others in the community. I enjoy connecting with people and making a difference in a
small way."
Ever the altruist, Ben, Head of Science at a secondary school, has volunteered with us as a bar staff
member at Reading and Kenwood festivals, a kitchen assistant and a lead host for Eating Together. Here he
comments on the social side of volunteering.
"I love the social aspect of volunteering and I’ve met some of my best friends through fundraising events. I
feel a lot of satisfaction through connecting with other people and you get to meet new volunteers all the
time, depending on what shifts you do. When I’ve volunteered as a Lead Host, you get to spend time talking
to service users which I love and of course, eating a delicious lunch together! I’ve gained a greater
understanding about HIV and have been lucky enough to listen in on some of the talks given by the Dietitian
which are very interesting.
"I would say that volunteering at The Food Chain gives you a great sense of community and friendship. It is
an opportunity to show your kindness and to learn about how connect with others. There are a lot of skills
involved when dealing with a range of different people and I feel I’ve really learnt how to empathies with
people.“
11. 11
News Article
Recently a released report, “Little Fish, Big Impact,” authored by the Lenfest Forage Fish Task Force,
an international team of 13 preeminent marine and fisheries scientists, sheds new light on the
ecological and economical importance of forage fish. The authors, including myself, found that
more than half the diet of many seabirds, marine mammals, and larger fish, such as tuna, cod,
and salmon, consists of forage fish. And, as their food supply has declined, so has the
abundance of these predator species. The report also revealed that the value of forage fish left in
the ocean to support production of larger, commercially important species is twice their value in a net.
Overall, forage fish are worth nearly $17 billion per year to commercial fisheries—$5.6 billion as direct
catch and $11.3 billion as food for larger commercially important fish.
https://www.the-scientist.com/critic-at-large/little-fish-in-a-big-pond-40247
12. 12
• Where do humans fit in the food chain?
• What could happen if you remove an animal from the food
chain?
• Who wrote animal Ecology?
• Any two differences between Food Chain and Food Web?
• Few examples of Secondary Consumers?
Questions