This document outlines a teaching manual for an 8th standard biology lesson on diseases that reduce agricultural yield. The lesson aims to develop students' knowledge, process skills, and attitudes on this topic through various teaching methods. Key points covered include common plant and animal diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses; how diseases make agriculture unprofitable; and the importance of disease resistance in agriculture. Students participate in activities to identify disease symptoms, microorganisms that cause disease, and how diseases spread between animals and humans.

1. TEACHING MANUAL
NAME OF THE TEACHER: ANJANA VIDYADHARAN STANDARD:VIII
NAME OF THE SCHOOL : STRENGTH:
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY DATE:
UNIT: AGRICULTURE:A WAY OF LIFE DURATION:45 MINUTES
LESSON:DISEASES THAT REDUCE THE YIELD IN AGRICULTURE
CURRICULAR STATEMENT
CONTENT ANALYSIS
TERMS
FACTS
MINOR CONCEPTS
Develops different dimention of knowledge ,process skills and attitude on the
topic diseases that reduce the yield in agriculture through demonstration,group
work,lecture method and observation.
Virus,Bacteria,Fungus,Quit wilting,Anthrax,Avian flu,Foot and Mouth disease
etc.
1. Agriculture is the mass production of plants and animals useful to
human beings.
2. Diseases can make agriculture unprofitable.
3. Bacteria,Fungus,Virus etc are the disease causing microorganisms.
4. Bacteria are unicellular microscopic cellular organism that seen
everywhere.
5. Pathogenic bacteria causes many diseases in plants,animals,and in
humanbeings.
6. Fungus are multicelular microorganism that can cause diseases.
7. Virus are venom or poisonous fluid,an extremely small living thing that
cause diseases.
8. Viruses are the smallest microorganism.
9. Viruses live and grow only inside living cells of plants and animals.
 Diseases is an illness that affect a person,animal or plant;a conditions
that prevent normal function.
 Microorganisms are extremely small living things,that can only be seen
with a microscope.
 Bacteria,Fungi,Virus etc are the major groups of microorganism.

2. MAJOR CONCEPT
LEARNING OUTCOME
PRE REQUISITE
TEACHING LEARNING
RESOURCES
 The selection of high yielding varieties and integrated farming alone
cannot make agriculture profitable.It may become uneconomical
because of the different kinds of diseases affecting plants and animals.
The pupil,
 acquires knowledge about the new terms like bacteria,fungus
,virus,quik wilt etc from the facts and concepts.
 understands the need and importance of disease resistant plants in
agriculture.
 applies the new knowledge in farming to identify the symptoms of
diseases and take proper action against them.
 classify the diseases which affecting plants and animals.
 analyses how diseases make agriculture uneconomical.
 evaluates the new methods to prevent diseases.
 Diseases makes agriculture uneconomical.
1. Cards showing newspaper collage related to the topic.
2. Orginal materials of diseased organism.
3. Textbook of VIII th standard by SCERT.
CLASS ROOM INTERACTION PROCEDURE
STUDENTS
EXPECTED OR
ACTUAL
RESPONSE
INTRODUCTION
Teacher make rapport with the students by asking questions related
to contextual situation.
Do you know why we use hybrid varieties in agricultur?
Are you interested in agriculture?Did you ever observe plants in your
localty?
Did you notice any infected plants among them.How could you
identify the infected one from the normal plants?
Pupil interacts with
the teacher.
For better yield
Yes
Yes,infected one are
defected in

3. Can anyone tell what is the reason for infection.
So, today we are going to discuss various diseases and their symptoms
and how it results agriculture uneconomical.
PRESENTATION
ACTIVITY I
Teacher shows some newspaper collage and ask the students tolist
down various diseases that cause agriculture unprofitable.
Diseases , Bacteria ,fungus , C.B
Virus…
Teacher ask one of the student to present their notes in the
classroom
DISCUSSION POINTS/CONSOLIDATION
 Cattle-Foot and Mouth Diseases
-Anthrax
 Pepper-Quilt Wilt
 Arecanut-Mahali
 Coconut-Coconut Mite
 Rubber –Pink Disease
 Poultry-Avian Flu
ACTIVITY II
Teacher ask questions to the general class and ask the students to find
out the answers through group discussion.
1.Name the microorganisms that cause diseases?
2.Which are the diseases likely to be spread from domestic animals to
man?
Bacteria , fungus…. C.B
Avian flu, Swine flu…
shape,colour etc
Pupil will not able to
explain it.
Pupil interacts with
the teacher and
discuss the points .
Pupil present their
notes
Pupil interacts with
the teacher and in
groups and record

4. DISCUSSION POINTS/CONSOLIDATION
 Bacteria , virus ,fungus etc are the disease causing
microorganism.
 Anthrax ,Avian Flu, Swine Flu etc are the disease likely to be
spread from domestic animals to man.
ACTIVITY III
Teacher displays some original materials and slides of infected plants
like plantain, arecanut, paddy, pepper, sugarcane….and ask the
students to identify the symptoms through group discussion.
Plantain –Bunchy Top Disease C.B
Arecanut-Mahali Yellowing….
DISCUSSION POINTS/CONSOLIDATION
CROPS
SYMPTOMS
DISEASES
PLANTAIN
Leaves become shortened,
appear crowded on the top,
growth reduced.
Bunchy Top
Disease
ARECANUT
Leaves become yellowish and
gradually dry up .Fruits shrive
and fall off ,the apex of stem
weakens
Mahali Yellowing
PADDY
Spot appear, leaves dry tip
towards base, brown spot on
leaves ,paddy shrinken .
Blight Disease
Spot Disease
SUGARCANE
Stem gets shrunk and
splits.From the split region a
reddish fluid flows, leaves wilt.
Red Stripe
Disease
the answers in
science diary.
Pupil observe the
materials and find
out the symptoms.

5. REVIEW
1 .Which are the diseases spread from animals to man?
2 .What are the major groups of microorganism?
3.What is meant by pathogenic bacteria?
CHALKBOARD SUMMARY
BIOLOGY Std:
Str:
Diseases ---makes agriculture uneconomical
Microorganism ---Bacteria,Fungi,Virus….
Pepper----Quick Wilt
Arecanut---Mahali
Rubber----Pink Disease….
FOLLOW UP ACTIVITY
Through interact with the farmers in your locality and from other
resources collect more diseases that affect the yield in agriculture.
Pupil answers