Fundamentals of Microbiology syllabus + Nutritional types of Microorganisms - Dr. S. Sivasankara Narayani

1. 20UYC101 –FUNDAMENTALS OF
MICROBIOLOGY – UNIT V –
NUTRITIONAL TYPES
Dr. S. Sivasankara Narayani
Assistant professor
Department of Microbiology
Ayya nadar Janaki ammal college
sivakasi
31-08-2020
Dr.SS

2. UNIT - I CONTRIBUTIONS OF
SCIENTISTS
◦ Microbiology: History of microbiology and introduction to the microbial world. Origin: Biogenesis and
abiogenesis. Early development and scope of microbiology. Contributions of scientists: Antony von
Leeuwenhoek- Robert Koch- Louis Pasteur- John Tyndall- Joseph Lister- Edward Jenner-Alexander
Flemming- Paul Erlich- Kary Mullis- Fanny Hesse- Winogradsky- Elie Metchnikoff- Hans Christian Gram-
Beijerinck - *Selman A. Waksman.
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

3. UNIT - II CHARACTERISTICS OF
MICROORGANISMS
◦ Characteristics of microorganisms (including viruses): Physiochemical- biological. Classification of
microorganisms: Binomial nomenclature- Whittaker’s five kingdom- Carl Woese three domain concept.
General characteristics of different groups: Cellular microorganisms (bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoa) -
acellular microorganisms (viruses, viroids and prions)-wall less forms (mycoplasma and spheroplasts).
*Beneficial and harmful microbes and their role in daily life.
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

4. UNIT - III NUTRITIONAL
REQUIREMENT AND MEDIA
PREPARATION
◦ Nutritional requirements: Nutritional types of microbes- autotrophs - phototrophs, chemotrophs -
organotrophs- lithotrophs – mixotrophs. Fastidious microorganism. Safety precautions adopted in
microbiology laboratories. *Aseptic techniques: Physical methods - chemical methods. Different forms of
media preparation: Nutrient broth – agar slope- agar deep -agar plate – semi solid - solid media. Types of
culture media: Simple- enriched- enrichment- selective- differential - transport.
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

5. UNIT- IV BACTERIAL GROWTH
◦ Bacterial growth: Batch - continuous - synchronous culture. Measurement of bacterial growth: Plate count
method - membrane filter technique -turbidometric method - determination of nitrogen content - dry weight
of cells and specific chemical changes. Bacterial growth: Growth curve- generation time- factors affecting
bacterial growth. Aerobic and anaerobic culture techniques. *Microbial colony morphology.
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

6. UNIT-V EXTREMOPHILES AND
CLASSIFICATION OF PROTOZOA
◦ Microbial diversity in different ecosystems (in brief) : Halophiles - psychrophiles - mesophiles- thermophiles-
acidophiles- alkalophiles- barophiles- piezophiles- capnophilic- xerophilic - saccharophilic. Classification of
Protozoa. General characteristics and life cycle of protozoan groups: Rhizopoda (Entamoeba) - Mastigophora
(Trypanosoma) – Sporozoa (Plasmodium) - *Ciliata (Paramecium).
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

7. NUTRIENTS
31-08-2020
Dr.SS

8. Essential Nutrients
◦Carbon
◦Hydrogen
◦Nitrogen
◦Oxygen
◦Phosphorus
◦Sulfur
◦ Nutrients are materials that are
acquired from the environment
and are used for growth and
metabolism
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

9. Essential Nutrients
◦ Organisms usually absorb carbon when it is in its organic form. Carbon in its organic form is usually a
product of living things.
◦ Nitrogen, is part of the structure of protein, DNA, RNA, and ATP.
◦ Nitrogen is important for heterotroph survival, but it must first be degraded into basic building blocks, such
as amino acids, in order to be used.
◦ Oxygen is an important component of both organic and inorganic compounds. It is essential to the
metabolism of many organisms.
◦ Hydrogen has many important jobs including maintaining the pH of solutions and providing free energy in
reactions of respiration.
◦ Phosphate is an important player in making nucleic acids and cellular energy transfers. Without sufficient
phosphate, an organism will cease to grow.
◦ Sulfur is found in rocks and sediments and is found widely in mineral form.
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

10. Additional
◦ Potassium
◦ Magnesium
◦ Iron
◦ Calcium
◦ Manganese
◦ Trace elements
◦ Zinc
◦ Cobalt
◦ Copper
◦ Molybdenum
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

11. Types of Essential Nutrients
◦ Macro – nutrients
◦ Large amount
◦ usually help maintain the cell
structure and metabolism
◦ Micro – nutrients
◦ Small amount
◦ enzyme function and maintain
protein structure.
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

12. CLASSIFICATION
31-08-2020
Dr.SS

13. Nutritional types of microbes
Autotrophs
Organism that use sole Co2 as a Carbon
source
Ex: Algae
Phototrophs
Organism that use radiant energy or light
Ex: Chromatium, Chlorobium
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

14. Cont..
• Chemotrophs
Chemotrophs are the organisms which get their
energy from the oxidation or breakdown of carbon
dioxide or inorganic chemical compounds by
chemosynthesis
Ex: Nitrosomonas
• Organotrophs
Organic compounds that are used as electron
donor are called are called organotrophs.
It obtain hydrogen or electrons from organic
substrates
Ex: Cyanobacteria
• Lithotrophs
Organism that oxidize inorganic compounds are
called lithotrophs
Ex: Nitrobacter
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

15. Cont..
Mixotrophs
◦ A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix
of different sources of energy and carbon,
instead of having a single trophic mode on the
continuum from complete autotrophy at one end
to heterotrophy at the other end.
Ex: Paracoccus denitrificans
Heterotrophs
◦ Organism that use organic carbon source
Ex: Yeast
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

16. 31-08-2020 Dr.SS

17. Clarification
31-08-2020 Dr.SS
sivasan91@gmail.com

18. Questions to think
• Differentite Photoheterophs from photoautotrophs
• Chemoorganotrophs
• Autotrophs
• Difference between phototrophs and Chemotrophs
• What is mixotrophs ? Example!
31-08-2020 Dr.SS

19. 31-08-2020 Dr.SS