Fluid typing and NMR
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•279 views
This document discusses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging, which uses NMR to characterize rocks and fluids in formations. It provides background on NMR, explaining that it works by measuring the response of atomic nuclei to an external magnetic field. NMR logging can provide information on fluid quantities, fluid properties, and pore size/distribution. The document then discusses the principle mechanisms of NMR logging, including how spin echoes are used. It presents typical NMR outputs such as fluid typing and pore fluid properties. Finally, it discusses methods used in NMR logging, including T1-weighting to distinguish hydrocarbon and brine phases and T2-weighting to separate gas and oil signals.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
porosity log
Porosity can be measured using sonic and density logs. Sonic logs measure the interval transit time of a sound wave through rock, with denser rock having faster transit times and more porous rock having slower times. There are two methods to calculate porosity from sonic logs: using an equation involving transit time and mud/rock properties, or using a sonic porosity chart. Similarly for density logs, porosity can be calculated from an equation using bulk and grain densities of the formation and mud, or looked up on a density porosity chart. Together, sonic and density logs provide good indications of porosity when used in combination.
Petrophysic interpretation
1. The document discusses various well logging tools and concepts used in petrophysical interpretation. It describes tools such as the spontaneous potential (SP) log, gamma ray (GR) log, resistivity logs including induction and lateral logs, and porosity logs.
2. Key concepts covered include the logging environment and factors that impact tool measurements like borehole conditions and mud properties. Interpretation techniques for evaluating permeable zones, formation resistivity, water saturation, and porosity are also summarized.
3. The document provides examples of using tools and concepts like the Archie formula to calculate water resistivity, determine hydrocarbon presence, and evaluate clean versus shaly formations. It also discusses corrections that must be applied to well log
Wll logging
The document discusses well logging techniques. It begins by defining a well log as a continuous record of measurements made in a borehole that respond to variations in physical rock properties. It then discusses the concept of borehole invasion, where drilling mud contaminates the formation near the borehole. Key logging tools are described, including gamma ray, spontaneous potential, resistivity, density, neutron, and sonic logs. Porosity calculations using various logs are also presented. In particular, it focuses on how well logs can be used to determine lithology, porosity, fluid content and hydrocarbon saturation in geological formations.
Caliper log
The document discusses caliper well logs, which measure the diameter and shape of boreholes. It describes how caliper tools work, including mechanical calipers with extendable arms that measure variations in borehole diameter. Common types are 2-arm, 4-arm, and ultrasonic calipers. Caliper logs present continuous borehole diameter measurements and are used to make environmental corrections to other well logs and assess lithology, permeability, and porosity.
Well loggining. Gamma Ray log
This document discusses principles of well logging. It describes how well logging aims to evaluate subsurface hydrocarbon accumulations through measuring properties in boreholes. It outlines different types of hydrocarbon traps and elements in a petroleum system. It then explains what a well log is and different types of logs used, including gamma ray, resistivity, sonic, and neutron logs. Gamma ray logs specifically measure natural radioactivity to distinguish between lithologies like sandstone and shale. The document provides details on interpreting gamma ray logs and calculating shale volume from gamma ray readings.
Well Log Myths-PRESENTATION
Well logs provide subsurface data by measuring physical rock properties against depth. They justify the cost by determining if a well will be productive. There are common misconceptions about what logs can and cannot do. Logs have uncertainty due to tool limitations and environmental factors. Proper calibration and quality control procedures are important to improve log measurement precision and accuracy.
Resistivity Log
measures the electric properties of the formation,
Resistivity is measured as, R in Ohm-meter,
Resistivity is the inverse of conductivity,
The ability to conduct electric current depends upon:
Petrophysic
The document discusses petrophysical data analysis and well logging. It provides details on recommended logging programs, including resistivity, microresistivity, dipmeter, porosity and lithology logs. It describes petrophysical data processing steps like gathering data, calibrating parameters, calculating log analysis, and presenting results. The goal is to obtain porosity, saturation and other reservoir property measurements from well logs and core data.
Recommended
porosity log
Porosity can be measured using sonic and density logs. Sonic logs measure the interval transit time of a sound wave through rock, with denser rock having faster transit times and more porous rock having slower times. There are two methods to calculate porosity from sonic logs: using an equation involving transit time and mud/rock properties, or using a sonic porosity chart. Similarly for density logs, porosity can be calculated from an equation using bulk and grain densities of the formation and mud, or looked up on a density porosity chart. Together, sonic and density logs provide good indications of porosity when used in combination.
Petrophysic interpretation
1. The document discusses various well logging tools and concepts used in petrophysical interpretation. It describes tools such as the spontaneous potential (SP) log, gamma ray (GR) log, resistivity logs including induction and lateral logs, and porosity logs.
2. Key concepts covered include the logging environment and factors that impact tool measurements like borehole conditions and mud properties. Interpretation techniques for evaluating permeable zones, formation resistivity, water saturation, and porosity are also summarized.
3. The document provides examples of using tools and concepts like the Archie formula to calculate water resistivity, determine hydrocarbon presence, and evaluate clean versus shaly formations. It also discusses corrections that must be applied to well log
Wll logging
The document discusses well logging techniques. It begins by defining a well log as a continuous record of measurements made in a borehole that respond to variations in physical rock properties. It then discusses the concept of borehole invasion, where drilling mud contaminates the formation near the borehole. Key logging tools are described, including gamma ray, spontaneous potential, resistivity, density, neutron, and sonic logs. Porosity calculations using various logs are also presented. In particular, it focuses on how well logs can be used to determine lithology, porosity, fluid content and hydrocarbon saturation in geological formations.
Caliper log
The document discusses caliper well logs, which measure the diameter and shape of boreholes. It describes how caliper tools work, including mechanical calipers with extendable arms that measure variations in borehole diameter. Common types are 2-arm, 4-arm, and ultrasonic calipers. Caliper logs present continuous borehole diameter measurements and are used to make environmental corrections to other well logs and assess lithology, permeability, and porosity.
Well loggining. Gamma Ray log
This document discusses principles of well logging. It describes how well logging aims to evaluate subsurface hydrocarbon accumulations through measuring properties in boreholes. It outlines different types of hydrocarbon traps and elements in a petroleum system. It then explains what a well log is and different types of logs used, including gamma ray, resistivity, sonic, and neutron logs. Gamma ray logs specifically measure natural radioactivity to distinguish between lithologies like sandstone and shale. The document provides details on interpreting gamma ray logs and calculating shale volume from gamma ray readings.
Well Log Myths-PRESENTATION
Well logs provide subsurface data by measuring physical rock properties against depth. They justify the cost by determining if a well will be productive. There are common misconceptions about what logs can and cannot do. Logs have uncertainty due to tool limitations and environmental factors. Proper calibration and quality control procedures are important to improve log measurement precision and accuracy.
Resistivity Log
measures the electric properties of the formation,
Resistivity is measured as, R in Ohm-meter,
Resistivity is the inverse of conductivity,
The ability to conduct electric current depends upon:
Petrophysic
The document discusses petrophysical data analysis and well logging. It provides details on recommended logging programs, including resistivity, microresistivity, dipmeter, porosity and lithology logs. It describes petrophysical data processing steps like gathering data, calibrating parameters, calculating log analysis, and presenting results. The goal is to obtain porosity, saturation and other reservoir property measurements from well logs and core data.
Basic well log interpretation
This document provides an overview of well log interpretation. It discusses how well logs are used to answer key questions about hydrocarbon-bearing formations like location, quantity, and producibility. The interpretation process involves identifying permeable zones using logs like SP and GR, then using resistivity and porosity logs to locate zones with hydrocarbons. Formations are further evaluated to determine porosity, fluid saturations, and other properties through techniques like density-neutron crossplots, environmental corrections, and determining formation temperature based on geothermal gradient. The goal is to locate potential producing zones and estimate hydrocarbon quantities and recoverability.
Well logging and interpretation techniques asin b000bhl7ou
This document provides an introduction to sedimentary rock properties for well log interpretation. It discusses how sedimentary rocks form from the weathering and alteration of existing rocks. Sedimentary rocks are composed mainly of minerals stable under normal surface conditions and may be classified as mechanically or chemically derived. Mechanical rocks include sandstones and conglomerates, while chemical rocks include carbonates and evaporites. Well logs are useful for characterizing sedimentary rocks and pore fluids in order to understand petroleum reservoirs.
Neutron logging
The neutron log measures formation porosity by bombarding it with neutrons. These neutrons interact with hydrogen atoms in the formation and produce gamma rays. The tool counts the gamma rays to determine porosity, with more hydrogen indicating more pore space and fluid. However, the neutron log can incorrectly indicate high porosity in shales due to bound water in clays. The NMR log is used to distinguish between bound and movable fluid to correct this shale effect. The neutron log is useful for determining porosity, delineating porous formations, detecting gas, and estimating shale content.
Wll logging
The document provides information about well logging techniques. It discusses how the borehole and surrounding rock can be invaded by drilling mud, affecting measurements. It describes the invaded zone and different resistivity measurements that can be taken. It then discusses various well logging tools - gamma ray, spontaneous potential, resistivity, density, neutron, and sonic logs - and how they are used to evaluate properties like lithology, porosity, fluid content, and hydrocarbon saturation.
Well log _the_bore_hole_image_
The document provides an overview of well logging techniques and tools. It discusses the history of well logging beginning in 1912 and describes some common downhole tools used for well logging including gamma ray, spontaneous potential, neutron, density, resistivity, and acoustic logs. It explains what each tool measures and how the data can be used to evaluate properties of the formation like lithology, porosity, fluid content, and structure for purposes like hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir characterization.
Evaluation of low resistivity zones
This document discusses the evaluation of low resistivity zones using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging. NMR logging can provide valuable information in low resistivity reservoirs where conventional resistivity logs have limitations. NMR utilizes the magnetic properties of hydrogen nuclei to distinguish between fluid types like hydrocarbons, bound water, and free water. It provides parameters like porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation that are important for evaluating the producibility of reservoirs. NMR logging is particularly useful for low resistivity reservoirs where there is little contrast between water-bearing and oil-bearing zones on resistivity logs, helping to better determine oil-water contacts and fluid distributions.
Log interpretation slidepack
The document discusses the uses of caliper logs for lithological assessment, calculating mud cake thickness, measuring borehole volume, determining required cement volume, assessing hole quality, selecting formations for testing, and providing contributory information for composite log interpretation and volumetric calculations. The caliper log directly measures borehole size and is used to correct other well logs for borehole conditions and ensure reliable data.
Density Log
This document provides information about formation density logging. It defines formation density logging as a tool that provides a continuous record of a formation's bulk density along the length of a borehole. It is used to calculate porosity along with sonic and neutron logging. The tool works by emitting gamma rays into the formation and measuring the attenuation to determine density. Density logs are useful for determining porosity, identifying lithologies when combined with neutron logs, and detecting gas zones.
Nuclear magnetic resonance logging
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging uses the precession of hydrogen proton spins in a magnetic field to measure formation properties. It works by aligning proton spins with an external magnetic field, then measuring the signal as the spins relax back to equilibrium. Relaxation times are related to pore size and fluid content. NMR logs provide lithology-independent porosity measurements and can distinguish bound versus free fluid and identify producible zones, making it useful for evaluating permeability. However, NMR logging is more expensive than conventional well logs.
Neutron log
This presentation discusses neutron logs and their use in well log interpretation. Neutron logs measure the hydrogen index of formations using detectors that count slowed neutrons deflected back from hydrogen nuclei after being emitted from a radioactive source. They can be used both qualitatively to identify lithologies and quantitatively to calculate porosity. When combined with density logs on a cross-plot, the neutron-density combination is an effective tool for lithology indication and identifying clean formations, shales, and evaporites. Calibration is required using blocks of known porosity. Applications include porosity evaluation, identifying hydrocarbon gas effects, and accounting for shale effects.
well logging tools and exercise_dileep p allavarapu
Logging is a process that provides comprehensive formation information through continuously recording parameter measurements with depth. It plays an important role in exploration and production by obtaining resistivity, porosity, and lithology logs to identify hydrocarbon-bearing zones. Different disciplines like drilling, logging, core analysis, and reservoir modeling are interrelated and provide both open and cased hole data. Logs are interpreted to calculate parameters like water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, and effective porosity, with the goal of determining hydrocarbon saturation multiplied by effective porosity in reservoir units. Accurate interpretation requires integration of log data with core analysis and rock physics studies.
Acoustic Logging
The document summarizes acoustic logging, which uses sonic tools to measure the speed of sound waves through rock formations. It discusses the principles of acoustic logging, including measuring interval transit time and classifying compressional and shear waves. It then covers the quantitative uses of calculating porosity from transit times and identifying lithology, as well as qualitative uses like fracture and secondary porosity identification.
Variable density log
The document discusses variable density logs (VDL), which provide a color or grayscale representation of acoustic wave amplitude received during sonic or ultrasonic measurements. VDLs are commonly used alongside cement bond logs to provide better interpretation. It also discusses density logs, which measure formation density using gamma rays emitted from a borehole tool. Density is plotted on a bulk density scale and used to indicate porosity, derive total porosity, and identify lithology when used with neutron logs. Limitations include needing uniform mudcake/washouts less than 0.75 inches.
Well logging, petroleum engineer...
basic well logging, petroleum engineer, logging units, work flow chart,applications, logging tools, direct log, indirect log, induction log, resistivity log, gamma ray log, spontaneous potential log, SP log, neutron logging...
Quick look log analyses
This document provides guidance for a quick log analysis by a petrophysicist. It outlines the key sections to include such as well summary, regional geology, strathigraphy, hydrocarbon and pressure analyses. For each test or analysis, it recommends displaying the relevant well logs and providing interpretations to justify conclusions. It also provides examples of how to summarize key information like hydrocarbon shows, test profiles, and pressure analyses. Pressure data can be used to determine reservoir fluid contacts while sonic logs can identify regional overpressure zones. Drilling data is discussed though noted to be more relevant for drilling engineers than geologists.
Cement Bond Log
This document provides an overview of cement bond logging (CBL), which is a well logging technique used to evaluate the integrity of cement bonding between casing and borehole walls. It works by transmitting acoustic waves through the casing into the cement and detecting reflected signals to analyze bonding. Good cement bonding is indicated by low amplitude signals and strong formation reflections on the logs. CBL is important for assessing cement fill quality, casing integrity, and identifying potential fluid migration paths. It provides a cost-effective way to evaluate cementing operations and design remediation if needed.
Basic well logging design
The document discusses the basics of well logging design. It includes an agenda for a one-day course that covers basic logging theory, interpretation, logging program design, and a workshop. The objectives are to familiarize participants with various log measurements, well evaluation strategies, and approaches to well logging design. Key logging topics covered include definitions, history, measurement principles for resistivity, spontaneous potential, gamma ray, density, neutron, and acoustic logs. Interpretation applications and limitations are also discussed.
Sonic log and its applications
Types of sonic logging tools are explained briefly with help of animation and what are the application of these tools in determining the formation properties.
Neutron log
Emitted neutrons interact with matter through elastic scattering, where they lose some energy, or inelastic scattering, where the target nucleus absorbs neutrons and emits slower neutrons and gamma rays. The amount of energy lost depends on the mass of the nucleus collided with. Hydrogen causes the highest energy loss at 67% per collision due to its similar mass to neutrons. Heavier nuclei cause less energy loss. Neutron logs measure formation hydrogen content to indicate porosity and lithology. There are two main types - single neutron pad logs detecting epithermal neutrons over short intervals, and compensated neutron logs detecting thermal neutrons over deeper intervals. Neutron logs are used to determine porosity, delineate porous formations
Classification of logs
The document discusses the classification of well logs. It explains that logs can be classified based on their technology (open hole vs cased hole logs) or their function (lithology, electrical, porosity, nuclear logs). Open hole logs are run before casing while cased hole logs are done after casing through the metal piping. Various logging tools are described, including gamma ray, resistivity, density, neutron, and sonic logs which provide data on formation properties like lithology, porosity, and fluid content. Nuclear logs using gamma rays and neutrons can evaluate formations through casing as well.
nuclear magnetic resonance Oilfi Review Winter 2008/2009: 20, no. 4. Copyri...
Oilfi Review Winter 2008/2009: 20, no. 4. Copyright © 2009 Schlumberger."
"AIT, CMR, MDT, MR Scanner, OBMI and Rt Scanner are marks of Schlumberger."
MRIL (Magnetic Resonance Imager Log) is a mark of Halliburton.
Bpg rss-nmr-scientific publication nuclear magnetic-resonance.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Comes Out of Its Shell
Ridvan Akkurt Saudi Aramco Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
H. Nate Bachman
Chanh Cao Minh
Charles Flaum
Jack LaVigne
Rob Leveridge
Sugar Land, Texas, USA
Romulo Carmona
Petróleos de Venezuela S.A.
Caracas, Venezuela
Advances in measurement technology, along with improved processing techniques,
have created new applicationsfor nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging. A new
NMR tool delivers conventional NMR-based information as well as fluid-property
characterization. These NMR data identify fluid types, transition zones and production
potential in complex environments. Placing this information into multidimensional
visualization maps provides log analysts with new insight into in situ fluid properties.
More Related Content
What's hot
Basic well log interpretation
This document provides an overview of well log interpretation. It discusses how well logs are used to answer key questions about hydrocarbon-bearing formations like location, quantity, and producibility. The interpretation process involves identifying permeable zones using logs like SP and GR, then using resistivity and porosity logs to locate zones with hydrocarbons. Formations are further evaluated to determine porosity, fluid saturations, and other properties through techniques like density-neutron crossplots, environmental corrections, and determining formation temperature based on geothermal gradient. The goal is to locate potential producing zones and estimate hydrocarbon quantities and recoverability.
Well logging and interpretation techniques asin b000bhl7ou
This document provides an introduction to sedimentary rock properties for well log interpretation. It discusses how sedimentary rocks form from the weathering and alteration of existing rocks. Sedimentary rocks are composed mainly of minerals stable under normal surface conditions and may be classified as mechanically or chemically derived. Mechanical rocks include sandstones and conglomerates, while chemical rocks include carbonates and evaporites. Well logs are useful for characterizing sedimentary rocks and pore fluids in order to understand petroleum reservoirs.
Neutron logging
The neutron log measures formation porosity by bombarding it with neutrons. These neutrons interact with hydrogen atoms in the formation and produce gamma rays. The tool counts the gamma rays to determine porosity, with more hydrogen indicating more pore space and fluid. However, the neutron log can incorrectly indicate high porosity in shales due to bound water in clays. The NMR log is used to distinguish between bound and movable fluid to correct this shale effect. The neutron log is useful for determining porosity, delineating porous formations, detecting gas, and estimating shale content.
Wll logging
The document provides information about well logging techniques. It discusses how the borehole and surrounding rock can be invaded by drilling mud, affecting measurements. It describes the invaded zone and different resistivity measurements that can be taken. It then discusses various well logging tools - gamma ray, spontaneous potential, resistivity, density, neutron, and sonic logs - and how they are used to evaluate properties like lithology, porosity, fluid content, and hydrocarbon saturation.
Well log _the_bore_hole_image_
The document provides an overview of well logging techniques and tools. It discusses the history of well logging beginning in 1912 and describes some common downhole tools used for well logging including gamma ray, spontaneous potential, neutron, density, resistivity, and acoustic logs. It explains what each tool measures and how the data can be used to evaluate properties of the formation like lithology, porosity, fluid content, and structure for purposes like hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir characterization.
Evaluation of low resistivity zones
This document discusses the evaluation of low resistivity zones using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging. NMR logging can provide valuable information in low resistivity reservoirs where conventional resistivity logs have limitations. NMR utilizes the magnetic properties of hydrogen nuclei to distinguish between fluid types like hydrocarbons, bound water, and free water. It provides parameters like porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation that are important for evaluating the producibility of reservoirs. NMR logging is particularly useful for low resistivity reservoirs where there is little contrast between water-bearing and oil-bearing zones on resistivity logs, helping to better determine oil-water contacts and fluid distributions.
Log interpretation slidepack
The document discusses the uses of caliper logs for lithological assessment, calculating mud cake thickness, measuring borehole volume, determining required cement volume, assessing hole quality, selecting formations for testing, and providing contributory information for composite log interpretation and volumetric calculations. The caliper log directly measures borehole size and is used to correct other well logs for borehole conditions and ensure reliable data.
Density Log
This document provides information about formation density logging. It defines formation density logging as a tool that provides a continuous record of a formation's bulk density along the length of a borehole. It is used to calculate porosity along with sonic and neutron logging. The tool works by emitting gamma rays into the formation and measuring the attenuation to determine density. Density logs are useful for determining porosity, identifying lithologies when combined with neutron logs, and detecting gas zones.
Nuclear magnetic resonance logging
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging uses the precession of hydrogen proton spins in a magnetic field to measure formation properties. It works by aligning proton spins with an external magnetic field, then measuring the signal as the spins relax back to equilibrium. Relaxation times are related to pore size and fluid content. NMR logs provide lithology-independent porosity measurements and can distinguish bound versus free fluid and identify producible zones, making it useful for evaluating permeability. However, NMR logging is more expensive than conventional well logs.
Neutron log
This presentation discusses neutron logs and their use in well log interpretation. Neutron logs measure the hydrogen index of formations using detectors that count slowed neutrons deflected back from hydrogen nuclei after being emitted from a radioactive source. They can be used both qualitatively to identify lithologies and quantitatively to calculate porosity. When combined with density logs on a cross-plot, the neutron-density combination is an effective tool for lithology indication and identifying clean formations, shales, and evaporites. Calibration is required using blocks of known porosity. Applications include porosity evaluation, identifying hydrocarbon gas effects, and accounting for shale effects.
well logging tools and exercise_dileep p allavarapu
Logging is a process that provides comprehensive formation information through continuously recording parameter measurements with depth. It plays an important role in exploration and production by obtaining resistivity, porosity, and lithology logs to identify hydrocarbon-bearing zones. Different disciplines like drilling, logging, core analysis, and reservoir modeling are interrelated and provide both open and cased hole data. Logs are interpreted to calculate parameters like water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, and effective porosity, with the goal of determining hydrocarbon saturation multiplied by effective porosity in reservoir units. Accurate interpretation requires integration of log data with core analysis and rock physics studies.
Acoustic Logging
The document summarizes acoustic logging, which uses sonic tools to measure the speed of sound waves through rock formations. It discusses the principles of acoustic logging, including measuring interval transit time and classifying compressional and shear waves. It then covers the quantitative uses of calculating porosity from transit times and identifying lithology, as well as qualitative uses like fracture and secondary porosity identification.
Variable density log
The document discusses variable density logs (VDL), which provide a color or grayscale representation of acoustic wave amplitude received during sonic or ultrasonic measurements. VDLs are commonly used alongside cement bond logs to provide better interpretation. It also discusses density logs, which measure formation density using gamma rays emitted from a borehole tool. Density is plotted on a bulk density scale and used to indicate porosity, derive total porosity, and identify lithology when used with neutron logs. Limitations include needing uniform mudcake/washouts less than 0.75 inches.
Well logging, petroleum engineer...
basic well logging, petroleum engineer, logging units, work flow chart,applications, logging tools, direct log, indirect log, induction log, resistivity log, gamma ray log, spontaneous potential log, SP log, neutron logging...
Quick look log analyses
This document provides guidance for a quick log analysis by a petrophysicist. It outlines the key sections to include such as well summary, regional geology, strathigraphy, hydrocarbon and pressure analyses. For each test or analysis, it recommends displaying the relevant well logs and providing interpretations to justify conclusions. It also provides examples of how to summarize key information like hydrocarbon shows, test profiles, and pressure analyses. Pressure data can be used to determine reservoir fluid contacts while sonic logs can identify regional overpressure zones. Drilling data is discussed though noted to be more relevant for drilling engineers than geologists.
Cement Bond Log
This document provides an overview of cement bond logging (CBL), which is a well logging technique used to evaluate the integrity of cement bonding between casing and borehole walls. It works by transmitting acoustic waves through the casing into the cement and detecting reflected signals to analyze bonding. Good cement bonding is indicated by low amplitude signals and strong formation reflections on the logs. CBL is important for assessing cement fill quality, casing integrity, and identifying potential fluid migration paths. It provides a cost-effective way to evaluate cementing operations and design remediation if needed.
Basic well logging design
The document discusses the basics of well logging design. It includes an agenda for a one-day course that covers basic logging theory, interpretation, logging program design, and a workshop. The objectives are to familiarize participants with various log measurements, well evaluation strategies, and approaches to well logging design. Key logging topics covered include definitions, history, measurement principles for resistivity, spontaneous potential, gamma ray, density, neutron, and acoustic logs. Interpretation applications and limitations are also discussed.
Sonic log and its applications
Types of sonic logging tools are explained briefly with help of animation and what are the application of these tools in determining the formation properties.
Neutron log
Emitted neutrons interact with matter through elastic scattering, where they lose some energy, or inelastic scattering, where the target nucleus absorbs neutrons and emits slower neutrons and gamma rays. The amount of energy lost depends on the mass of the nucleus collided with. Hydrogen causes the highest energy loss at 67% per collision due to its similar mass to neutrons. Heavier nuclei cause less energy loss. Neutron logs measure formation hydrogen content to indicate porosity and lithology. There are two main types - single neutron pad logs detecting epithermal neutrons over short intervals, and compensated neutron logs detecting thermal neutrons over deeper intervals. Neutron logs are used to determine porosity, delineate porous formations
Classification of logs
The document discusses the classification of well logs. It explains that logs can be classified based on their technology (open hole vs cased hole logs) or their function (lithology, electrical, porosity, nuclear logs). Open hole logs are run before casing while cased hole logs are done after casing through the metal piping. Various logging tools are described, including gamma ray, resistivity, density, neutron, and sonic logs which provide data on formation properties like lithology, porosity, and fluid content. Nuclear logs using gamma rays and neutrons can evaluate formations through casing as well.
What's hot (20)
Well logging and interpretation techniques asin b000bhl7ou
Well logging and interpretation techniques asin b000bhl7ou
well logging tools and exercise_dileep p allavarapu
well logging tools and exercise_dileep p allavarapu
Similar to Fluid typing and NMR
nuclear magnetic resonance Oilfi Review Winter 2008/2009: 20, no. 4. Copyri...
Oilfi Review Winter 2008/2009: 20, no. 4. Copyright © 2009 Schlumberger."
"AIT, CMR, MDT, MR Scanner, OBMI and Rt Scanner are marks of Schlumberger."
MRIL (Magnetic Resonance Imager Log) is a mark of Halliburton.
Bpg rss-nmr-scientific publication nuclear magnetic-resonance.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Comes Out of Its Shell
Ridvan Akkurt Saudi Aramco Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
H. Nate Bachman
Chanh Cao Minh
Charles Flaum
Jack LaVigne
Rob Leveridge
Sugar Land, Texas, USA
Romulo Carmona
Petróleos de Venezuela S.A.
Caracas, Venezuela
Advances in measurement technology, along with improved processing techniques,
have created new applicationsfor nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging. A new
NMR tool delivers conventional NMR-based information as well as fluid-property
characterization. These NMR data identify fluid types, transition zones and production
potential in complex environments. Placing this information into multidimensional
visualization maps provides log analysts with new insight into in situ fluid properties.
9 mri
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is described. Key points include:
- MRI was developed in the 1970s and clinically used in the 1980s. It uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images of the body.
- MRI can be used to assess lesions of the brain, spinal cord, and other soft tissues. It is useful for tumor staging and investigations of the temporomandibular joint.
- Patients with metallic implants cannot undergo MRI due to interactions with the strong magnetic field. The document then describes the basic principles and sequences of MRI. T1-weighted and T2-weighted images provide different types of tissue contrast.
Well logs
This document provides an overview of basic well logs, including caliper logs, gamma ray logs, and formation density logs. It discusses the tools, principles, and uses of each log. Caliper logs measure borehole diameter and shape using mechanical arms. Gamma ray logs measure natural radiation from formations to indicate lithology. Formation density logs use gamma rays to measure bulk density and derive porosity, helping to identify lithologies when used with neutron logs. The document provides details on how each tool works and the information provided by its logs.
Magnetic resonance imaging
This document provides an overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including:
1. The history and timeline of MRI development from the 1920s to present day. Key developments include the discoveries of nuclear magnetic resonance and techniques for generating MRI images using gradients.
2. The basic components and principles of how MRI works including strong magnets, gradient coils, radiofrequency coils, spin precession, relaxation times, and Fourier transforms to generate images.
3. Explanations of fundamental MRI sequences including T1-weighted, T2-weighted images and how contrast is achieved using repetition time and echo time.
4. Clinical applications of MRI including its advantages over other imaging modalities as well as some disadvantages and
REU final poster
Raman time-resolved ion exchange studies were conducted on natrolite to understand ion exchange mechanisms. There were two steps observed: 1) softening of ring structures as potassium ions began exchanging for sodium, and 2) rapid distortion of rings allowing potassium to migrate after some exchange. Future work aims to better understand structural transitions and increase ion exchange effectiveness for industrial applications like wastewater filtration.
Prospecting by radioactivity logging methods
This document discusses various well logging methods used in geophysical exploration, specifically focusing on radioactivity logging. It describes four main types of radioactivity logs: gamma ray logs, neutron-gamma ray logs, pulsed neutron logs, and formation density logs. Gamma ray logs measure natural radioactivity to characterize rock formations. Neutron-gamma ray logs measure induced radioactivity to evaluate porosity. Pulsed neutron logs can distinguish between oil, water, and gas, and are not influenced by borehole conditions. Formation density logs measure gamma ray energy loss to determine formation density and porosity. The document provides details on the principles and applications of each method.
Nuclear magnetic resonance
NMR logging uses nuclear magnetic resonance to infer properties of rock formations such as porosity, permeability, and fluid distributions. It works by applying a magnetic field to align hydrogen proton spins, then measuring the decay of the signal as the spins relax. This decay provides information about pore sizes and fluid types. Main advantages are lithology-independent porosity and improved permeability estimates compared to conventional well logs. Limitations include cost, speed, and shallow depth of investigation. Recent advances aim to improve resolution and differentiate fluid and rock properties.
Porosity-Sonic.pptx
The sonic log measures the travel time of elastic waves through rock formations and can be used to derive porosity. It uses a transmitter and receiver to measure pulse travel times. Faster travel times indicate higher porosity as pores allow faster fluid-filled wave propagation than solid rock. The sonic log provides information to support seismic calibration and tie well measurements to seismic data. It can also be used to calculate porosity values when combined with density and neutron logs.
MRI
MRI - Strange physics ahead . Step by step approach of basics of MRI physics with applications in dentistry.
well-logging-70544856.docx
Well logs are obtained by lowering measuring tools into wells to record properties of rock formations. They provide a signature of physical characteristics like porosity, lithology, and fluid saturation. Common logs measure resistivity, spontaneous potential, gamma radiation, neutrons, sonic velocity, and nuclear magnetic resonance to interpret rock and fluid properties. Logs can be open or cased hole and employ natural or induced phenomena to characterize formations.
Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy - CRDS: Principle, Instrumentation and Results
The document summarizes the principles and applications of cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS). It describes how CRDS works by using an optical cavity to greatly increase the effective path length of light, enabling precise measurements of weak absorptions. Key applications mentioned include environmental monitoring, emissions monitoring, and trace gas analysis.
A review of time‐frequency methods
Spectral estimation, and corresponding time-frequency representation for nonstationary signals, is a cornerstone in geophysical signal processing and interpretation. The last 10–15 years have seen the development of many new high-resolution decompositions that are often fundamentally different from Fourier and wavelet transforms. These conventional techniques, like the short-time Fourier transform and the continuous wavelet transform, show some limitations in terms of resolution (localization) due to the trade-off between time and frequency localizations and smearing due to the finite size of the time series of their template. Well-known techniques, like autoregressive methods and basis pursuit, and recently developed techniques, such as empirical mode decomposition and the synchrosqueezing transform, can achieve higher time-frequency localization due to reduced spectral smearing and leakage. We first review the theory of various established and novel techniques, pointing out their assumptions, adaptability, and expected time-frequency localization. We illustrate their performances on a provided collection of benchmark signals, including a laughing voice, a volcano tremor, a microseismic event, and a global earthquake, with the intention to provide a fair comparison of the pros and cons of each method. Finally, their outcomes are discussed and possible avenues for improvements are proposed.
MRI physics
MRI physics involves magnetic resonance imaging using protons' spin and magnetic properties. Protons precess at their Larmor frequency when placed in an external magnetic field. Radiofrequency pulses excite protons which absorb and emit energy, inducing a signal. Magnetic field gradients encode spatial information to generate images showing proton density and relaxation times, providing tissue contrast. Contrast depends on extrinsic parameters like pulse timing and intrinsic properties like T1 and T2 relaxation times.
MRI Physics RV
MRI utilizes the magnetic spin property of protons in hydrogen atoms. During an MRI scan, protons in the body are exposed to strong external magnetic fields which cause the protons to align. Radio waves are then used to excite the protons, causing them to emit radio signals as they relax back to their original alignment. These signals are detected by receivers in the MRI machine and used to construct images. Different pulse sequences such as spin echo and gradient echo are used to manipulate proton relaxation times and produce T1, T2, or proton density weighted images with varying contrasts. Ultra fast sequences like echo planar imaging allow for very rapid full brain or body imaging.
Acoustics 4.ppt
Ultrasonic waves can be used to determine material properties and detect flaws. The acoustic diffraction method uses ultrasonic waves passed through a liquid to produce a diffraction grating, from which the liquid velocity can be calculated. Ultrasonic testing involves passing ultrasonic waves through a material and measuring reflection times to detect internal flaws. Common applications include ultrasonic drilling, welding, soldering, cutting and cleaning. SONAR uses ultrasonic pulses reflected from underwater objects to measure distance and velocity. Medical uses include diagnostic sonography and therapeutic ultrasound applications like lithotripsy. Ultrasonic research applications include breaking polymers and determining molecular weights.
Nmr lect
This document provides an overview of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It begins with a brief introduction to NMR and its two main types - 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The document then covers the history and development of NMR, including important discoveries and Nobel Prizes. It describes the basic principles and theory of NMR spectroscopy, including nuclear spin, resonance frequency, and chemical shifts. The document discusses NMR instrumentation and experimental aspects such as solvents, spectra, and splitting patterns. It also covers carbon-13 NMR and applications of NMR spectroscopy such as structure elucidation and determination of optical purity.
Nmr lect
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the structure of organic molecules. It works by applying a strong magnetic field to atomic nuclei, which causes them to absorb and emit radio waves. NMR spectroscopy is commonly used to analyze hydrogen-1 and carbon-13 nuclei. The NMR spectrum provides information about the number and type of different nuclei in a molecule, as well as their molecular environment and connectivity. This technique has many applications, including structure elucidation of unknown compounds and determination of optical purity.
Neutron scattering from nanoparticles
This document discusses small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and its application to studying nanoparticles. It provides background on neutron sources, neutron scattering techniques including SANS, SANS instrumentation, and examples of SANS applications. SANS is used to determine the structure, size, shape, size distribution, and interactions of nanoparticles on length scales of 10-1000 Angstroms. The document then describes experiments conducted using the SANS instrument at DHRUVA reactor to analyze various nanoparticle samples.
Similar to Fluid typing and NMR (20)
nuclear magnetic resonance Oilfi Review Winter 2008/2009: 20, no. 4. Copyri...
nuclear magnetic resonance Oilfi Review Winter 2008/2009: 20, no. 4. Copyri...
Bpg rss-nmr-scientific publication nuclear magnetic-resonance.
Bpg rss-nmr-scientific publication nuclear magnetic-resonance.
Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy - CRDS: Principle, Instrumentation and Results
Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy - CRDS: Principle, Instrumentation and Results
Recently uploaded
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Constructing Your Course Container for Effective Communication
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdBBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Recently uploaded (20)
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Constructing Your Course Container for Effective Communication
Constructing Your Course Container for Effective Communication
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Fluid typing and NMR
- 1. INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE Advanced fluid typing and pore estimation using NMR logging technique Shivam Yadav
- 2. 2 Introduction • NMR- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance is a type of advanced logging technique which basically work on the principle of response of nuclei to a external magnetic field. • It is one technique that provide quickest and reliable information about rock and fluid characterization such as; quantity of fluid, physical property of fluid and size and distribution of the pores in the rock volume. Isidor Isaac Rabi (1898 – 1988)was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, which is used in magnetic resonance imaging.
- 3. 3 Principle Mechanism Echo decay, x-axis as time and y-axis as amplitude Source:commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GWM _HahnEchoDecay.gif Proton spin, x-axis as time and y-axis as magnetic moment. With the decrease in area of rotation Mxy decreases and increases in My because of increase intensity of moment. Source:commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GWM_Hahn EchoDecay.gif
- 4. 4 Principle Outputs NMR fuild typing. Source:petrowiki.org/File:Vol5_Page_0326_Image_0001 .png Typical NMR properties for pore fluids. Source: petrowiki.org/File:Vol5_Page_0327_Image_0001.png Typical NMR-related fluid properties for Gulf of Mexico sandstones. Source:petrowiki.org/File:Vol5_Page_0295_Im age_0002.png
- 5. 5 Methods Involved • There are two general types, or sets, of CMPG acquisitions that are associated with each mechanism: • T1 contrast between the hydrocarbon and brine phases (i.e., a water- wet formation containing light hydrocarbons) • T2 contrast between the gas and oil phases Dual TW (T1-weighted mechanism ) • To achieve full polarization (long TW) in one acquisition channel • To acquire the small signal amplitudes associated with the short Methods using T1-weighting for hydrocarbon typing Source:petrowiki.org/File:Vol5_Page_0330_Image_0001.png
- 6. 6 Methods Involved (continues….) • Dual TE (Diffusion-weighted mechanism) The identification of viscous oil is very difficult by dual-TW acquisition because there is little T1 contrast between water and viscous oil. A significant difference in the diffusion characteristics of water and viscous oil is used to create a T2 contrast that separates the two NMR signals. The inter-echo spacing, TE, is chosen long enough that the water and oil signals are fully separated in the T2-domain. Variation in CPMG pulse sequence Source: petrowiki.org/File:Vol5_Page_0326_Image_0002.png
- 7. 7 References • Xie Ranhong and Xiao Lizhi , 2011. “Advanced fl uid-typing methods for NMR Logging”. • Robert Freedman, 2006. “Advances in NMR logging”. • Ajay Kumar, Ramesh Babu, Ravindra Kumar et al, 2015. “Benefits by Integrating Core, Image and NMR Data for Shale Reservoir Characterization - A Case Study in Cambay Basin, India
- 8. 8 Thank you