The document proposes that from the perspective of an observer traveling at the speed of light, the Earth would appear flat rather than round. It argues that relativity suggests curvature is a function of time, and for a relativistic observer with no experienced passage of time, the Earth's curvature would be zero. The document also suggests that in 4 dimensions, the Earth could be conceptualized as a flat object that appears curved in 3 dimensions. Overall, the document puts forth a novel theory that relativistic effects could make the Earth appear flat rather than round to certain observers.
The Holy Quran on the Permanent Darkness of the Universegreatest man
It is only after the fist journey into space that man discovered that the whole of the universe is immersed in darkness and that it is the day layer that causes the sun rays to be seen, the Holy Quran mentions this fact more than 1400 years ago
Moon sighting between Science and ReligionHussein Mhanna
The beginning of the lunar months in Islamic calendar depends on the motion of the moon. There has been a constant controversy: How do we agree on the beginning of the lunar months. One of the recently proposed theories is to depend on astrological calculations rather than sighting.
In these presentation we will examine this theory in light of science and religion.
http://marcusvannini2012.blogspot.com/
http://www.marcusmoon2022.org/designcontest.htm
Shoot for the moon and if you miss you'll land among the stars...
FLAT EARTH SOCIETY [Art of Failure 2008-2011] - Listen to the surface of the Earth transposed on vinyl record. - "Can we hear the Earth? Not the sounds occurring upon it but the Earth on a geophysical scale?[...] Flat earth society takes readings from the stylus of topographic radar, cuts them into vinyl and then plays them back with a stylus. Phonographic hills-and-dales grow into the Alps, Andes, Himalayas, Grand Canyon, Great Steppe, Great Rift Valley, Great Outback and the Lesser Antilles. Where Enrico Caruso and Nellie Melba once sang one hears the Baja Peninsula, Antarctic Peninsula, and the bathymetric pauses of the Red Sea and Baffin Bay. [...] Peaks and valleys, spikes and wells, spires and troughs, aspirations and depressions, all have their gradations in mythical and actual landscapes." Douglas Kahn - http://artoffailure.org - http://vimeo.com/63471942
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http://artoffailure.org
The Holy Quran on the Permanent Darkness of the Universegreatest man
It is only after the fist journey into space that man discovered that the whole of the universe is immersed in darkness and that it is the day layer that causes the sun rays to be seen, the Holy Quran mentions this fact more than 1400 years ago
Moon sighting between Science and ReligionHussein Mhanna
The beginning of the lunar months in Islamic calendar depends on the motion of the moon. There has been a constant controversy: How do we agree on the beginning of the lunar months. One of the recently proposed theories is to depend on astrological calculations rather than sighting.
In these presentation we will examine this theory in light of science and religion.
http://marcusvannini2012.blogspot.com/
http://www.marcusmoon2022.org/designcontest.htm
Shoot for the moon and if you miss you'll land among the stars...
FLAT EARTH SOCIETY [Art of Failure 2008-2011] - Listen to the surface of the Earth transposed on vinyl record. - "Can we hear the Earth? Not the sounds occurring upon it but the Earth on a geophysical scale?[...] Flat earth society takes readings from the stylus of topographic radar, cuts them into vinyl and then plays them back with a stylus. Phonographic hills-and-dales grow into the Alps, Andes, Himalayas, Grand Canyon, Great Steppe, Great Rift Valley, Great Outback and the Lesser Antilles. Where Enrico Caruso and Nellie Melba once sang one hears the Baja Peninsula, Antarctic Peninsula, and the bathymetric pauses of the Red Sea and Baffin Bay. [...] Peaks and valleys, spikes and wells, spires and troughs, aspirations and depressions, all have their gradations in mythical and actual landscapes." Douglas Kahn - http://artoffailure.org - http://vimeo.com/63471942
--
http://artoffailure.org
This is a presentation I put together on how to snowboard - everything from gear, getting off the chairlift, learning the basics, falling, to more advanced snowboarding.
Geodetic Astronomy - MOTION IN THE HEAVENS - EARTH, SUN AND STARSAhmed Nassar
Geodetic Astronomy
MOTION IN THE HEAVENS
EARTH, SUN AND STARS
Motion of Earth
Earth’s Rotation
Earth’s Revolution
Motion of Sun
Equinoxes
Solstices
Motion of Stars
Proper Motion
Transverse Velocity
Radial Velocity
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
1. • The Flat earth theory
• & the Relativistic
geometer .
• By Faisal Rahman
2. Introduction
• Flat earth is an ancient theory
That says earth is flat like a disk .
• This view was held by ancient
Indians ,Greeks ,Egyptians.
• Ancient religions support the idea
that the earth is flat . (1)
3. And the earth We have spread out (like a
carpet); set thereon mountains firm and
immovable; and produced therein all kinds of
things in due balance. (Quran:15:19)
He Who has, made for you the earth like a
carpet spread out; has enabled you to go
about therein by roads (and channels); and
has sent down water from the sky." With it
have We produced diverse pairs of plants
each separate from the
others. (Quran:20:53)
therefore The Quran believes that the
earth is flat.
4. • 1 Chronicles 16:30: “He has fixed the
earth firm, immovable.”
• Psalm 93:1: “Thou hast fixed the
earth immovable and firm ...”
• Psalm 96:10: “He has fixed the earth
firm, immovable ...”
• Psalm 104:5: “Thou didst fix the
earth on its foundation so that it
never can be shaken.”
• Isaiah 45:18: “...who made the earth
and fashioned it, and himself fixed it
fast...”
• The bible also says the Earth is flat.
5. • So is it that ancient people were
ignorant or we have gone through
a reduction of knowledge since
the renaissance?
6. Modern flat earthier
• "There are rivers that flow for
hundreds of miles towards the level
of the sea without falling more than a
few feet — notably, the Nile, which,
in a thousand miles, falls but a foot. A
level expanse of this extent is quite
incompatible with the idea of the
Earth's convexity. It is, therefore, a
reasonable proof that Earth is not a
globe."
• "If the Earth were a globe, a small
model globe would be the very best
— because the truest — thing for the
navigator to take to sea with him. But
such a thing as that is not known:
with such a toy as a guide, the
mariner would wreck his ship, of a
certainty!, This is a proof that Earth is
not a globe.” (1)
7. • These are the two arguments put
forward by modern flat earthier.
• Along with the Bedford level
experiment.(2)
8. Topic
• The author of this thesis opines that
spherical earth is a limiting case of a
higher dimensional flat earth.
• A Geometer travelling in the speed of
light will measure a flat earth.
• Curvature of earth is a function of
time dimension..
9. Ocular demonstration and relativity
• If any body has been next to a
port , or just strolled down a
beach and stared off vacantly into
the horizon, he might have,
perhaps, noticed a very
interesting phenomenon:
approaching ships do not just
“appear” out of the horizon (like
they should have if the world was
flat), but rather emerge from
beneath the sea.
10. • But The author has objection to
this evidence of a round earth . It
is simply that the ship is not
travelling in the speed of light.
• What if the ships travelled in the
speed of light would not they just
appear out of the horizon ?
• It is plausible that a Relativistic
traveler would see the earth as
flat.
11. • Suppose there is light house on 0
degree longitude and a ship started
from this point at speed C, precisely
at 12 clock night.
• Now at light speed the time will be
static ; the ship will see the light ray
that emitted by the light house for
the eternity.
• Then the light is traversing in straight
line and the geodesic becomes
straight line.
• The earth appears flat when the time
is 0.
12. • On a round earth altitude of stars
depend on the curvature and also
motion of time is measured by the
altitude of stars .
• A ship moving on sea sees deferent
position of stars according to its
position on earth’s curvature and
different position of star means
different time zone.
13. • Now suppose the ship is making in
the speed of light , after special
relativity it’s time will be 0.
• Then the motion of the stars from
the ships frame of reference would
be 0 also.
• Now the motion stars is caused by
the curvature of the earth.
• So the curvature =0
• Thus a ship travelling in the speed of
light we measure the earth as flat.
14. In the 4 dimensions earth is flat like a
carpet. But in three dimensions the
space is rolled up like carpet , so the
earth looks spherical.
A 4th dimensional traveler will see the
unfolding of this rolled up space.
15. • In General Relativity The observer is
coffined inside a box.
• This we can take as postulate that
observer is always confined inside a
box and does not know what’s going
out side.
• The observer is ignorant.
16. • The observer inside a closed box
revolving in proper speed around
will experience 0 gravity.
• An observer inside a closed box
freely fall toward the ground will
experience 0 gravity.
• Thus if the observer is closed
inside a box he will not be able to
say whether he is moving in
circular motion or rectilinear
motion.
17. • Therefore it is uncertain whether
the earth is round or flat.
• Curvature of earth is an optical
illusion. In Higher dimensions the
curvature disappears and the
earth becomes flat.
18. E=mc2
• Now body moving in the speed of
light will have infinite mass according
to E=mc2.
• So the mass of the flat earth will be
infinite because we can say that the
space is moving relative to the ship ,
in lieu of the ship is moving.(principle
of relativity).
• Now the infinite mass of the flat
earth will bend the heavens upon it.
this way the sun will move around
the earth.
• This infinite flat earth will be non
Euclidic .
19. • We know that perception of
size depends on distance cues if
there is no distance cue a body in
distance will appear near but
reduced in size.
20. • This can be the fact of a non
Euclid flat earth.
• Ships instead of moving away
actually becomes reduced in size
when they hit the horizon their
sizes be come 0 and they go to
the other segments of space
time.
21. • Eratosthenes measured the
curvature of earth using
trigonometry.
• He realized, it is for only practical
purpose . The round earth is not the
ultimate truth.
22. • The Earth appears to be round
because light traverse at a straight
line at Newtonian motion.
• But when a ship is travelling in
relativist velocity , the space time
becomes warped due to relativistic
effect. And the light follows a curved
path , so the Earth appears to be flat.
• In the right diagram of the image ,
the observer in the ship still can see
the tower, though it is beneath the
horizon, because of the bending of
light trajectory.
23. • Our solar system can be
represented with a candle and a
ball.
• So the solar system is like a toy
model , now the question comes,
can a scientific truth be so simple
as a toy ?
• Or rather, it should be something
incomprehensible like the flat
earth theory ?
24. conclusion
• Relativistic velocity on earth will
have some special characteristics
which are different than the
relativistic motion in void.
• Curvature of earth will be 0 and
earth will be infinitely flat and non
Euclidic.
25. • Why our perception of space
and size is like Relativity ?
• The 4 dimensional flat earth is
like an optical illusion . Bodies do
not move they become reduced
in size while they move between
spaces.
26. Notes
• 1. Flat Earth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_Earth
• Wikipe
• 2. Bedford Level experiment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford_Level_experiment
• dia