Fixed appliances and its components 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com

FIXED ORTHODONTIC
APPLIANCES
• Advantages:1)Precise tooth control is possible.
2)Multiple tooth movement is possible.
3)Patient co-operation is reduced.
• Disadvantage:1)Difficult to maintain oral hygiene.
2)Unesthetic

3)Special training required.
4)Increased cost of treatment.
5)Increased chair side time.
6)Anchorage control is difficult.
a) Active components:
1)Separatorsthey are used to create space between
two adjacent teeth generally for the
purpose of banding.


i)Soft brass wires:
-0.5-0.6mm diameter wire
passed interdentally &
twisted to create space.
-Painful & can cause
gingival trauma.
ii)Ring separators:
-Small elastic rings that are
stretched & passed
through interdental
contacts with separator
placing pliers.


iii) Dumb-bell
separators:
- Dumb-bell shaped
pieces of elastics that
is stretched & passed
through the contact
between adjacent
teeth.
- The elastics of the
separators constricts
over a period of time
to regain it’s original
space & cause
separation.

2)Elastics:-Can be of latex or no

latex.Non latex deteriotes
less than latex in oral
environment.

i) Class I elastics:
It is used for closing the
extraction space.

ii) Class II elastics:
These intermaxillary elastics
are used to produce intrusion
of maxillary anterior or
decrease the overjet by
retracting maxillary anterior
teeth.

iii) Class III elastics:
Used in treatment of
Class III malocclusion
to bring about
retraction of
mandibular anterior &
protraction of maxillary
molars.
iv)Diagonal elastics:
For correction of midline
deviations

3) Elastomerics:
Made up of synthetic
polyurethane material

i)

Elastic chain:

-Also called E chain.
-Mainly used for space
closure.

ii) Elastic threads:
-Made of specialized
elasticized cotton.
-Used to exert forces which
are used to correct
derotations & reduction
of anterior spacing.

b)Passive appliance:
i) Bands:
These are the metal attachment that are cemented to
individual teeth provide a place for attachment of
other auxillaries like buccal tubes, lingual buttons, etc.
They can be soldered or welded on band.Banding is
preferred on tooth that are likely to experience
excessive forces.

ii) Brackets:
A bracket is defined as a device that projects horizontally to
support auxillaries & is open on one side usually in
vertical & horizontal direction.


Classification:
1) According to type of slota)Ribbon arch
b)Edgewise

2) Based on mode of attachmenta)Weldable
b)Bondable

3)Based on material used to fabricate the
bracketa)Metallic
b)Ceramic
c)Plastic


• Ribbon arch bracket:
-vertical slot on gingival
direction.
-can bring about tipping
of teeth in labiolingual
& mesiodistal
direction.
- used in Beggs fixed
appliance.


• Edgewise bracket-horizontal slot facing
labially.
-has rectangular slots and
accepts rectangular cross
section wire.

• Weldable &
bondable brackets-bondable brackets bonded
directly over the tooth.It
has meshwork under the
surface.
-weldable brackets are
welded over the band.


• Mettalic Brackets:
-made up of stainless steel.
-most commonly used.
Advantage:
-they can be recycled.
-can be sterilized.
-resists deformation & fracture.
-least friction at wire bracket interface.
-not expensive
Disadvantage:
-esthetically not pleasing.
-can corrode & staining of tooth

• Ceramic Bracket:
-introduce in 1980s.
-made of aluminium oxide or
zirconium oxide.
Advantage-dimensionally stable.
-durable & resists staining.
-esthetically pleasing.
Disadvantage-brittle.
-exhibit greater friction at wire
bracket interface.


• Plastic brackets
-made up of polycaronate or
modified form of
polycarbonate.
-improves the esthetic value.
Disadvantage:
-Tends to discolour in patient
who smoke.
-Poor dimensional stability.
-Slot tends to distort.
-Friction between plastic
brackets & metal arch wire
is high.

iii) Buccal tubes:
These are horizontal hollow tubes which are used in
molars.
Classification:
• Based on mode of attachment:
-Weldable
-Bondable
• According to lumen shape:
-Round
-Oval
-Rectagular


• According to number of tubes:
- Single
- Double
- Triple

• According to the technique:
-Begg tube
-Edge wise
-Preadjusted edgewise

iv)Lingual attachments:• Lingual buttonFor attachment of elastics &
elastomerics.

• Lingual seating lugs:Helps in seating bands.
Flat-Anterior & molar.
Curved-Cuspid & bicuspid.

• Lingual eyelets:Used to tie elastic threads or ligature
wire.


• Lingual cleatsUsed for attachments of elastic thread
& ligature wire.

• Lingual sheathsUsed for attaching accessories such
as transpalatal arch.

• Lingual elastilugsUsed for attaching elastics.
Curved – for posteriors
Flat – for anterior

• Elastic ball hooks:-Ball attach to weldable flat
arm.
-Offset can be mesial or
distal.
-Used to attach elastics or
elastomeric chain from
lingual aspect.

• Lock pins:-Made of brass or soft steel.-Used to hold the wire in
bracket slot.

• Ligature wire:-Are soft stainless steel wire
of 0.008-0.010”.
-Used to hold or ligate the
arch wire in bracket.

iii) Elastic ligatures:
-Used to secure the
arch wire in edgewise
or preadjusted
edgewise bracket.
-They can be easily
engaged under the
bracket wings.


4)Spring :
These are used along with
the fixed orthodontic
appliances.They are

i)

Uprighting spring-

-Made up of 0.012-0.014”
Australian wire.
-Move tooth root in mesial or
distal direction.
-Standard spring used in
Begg’s and Tip edgewise
bracket
-Side winder design made for
Tip edge bracket.

ii)Rotating spring:
- Provide simple & effective
means of derotating teeth
without removal archwire.

iii)Torquing spring:
- Made of 0.012-0.014”
Australian wire.
-Capable of moving tooth
roots in labial or lingual
direction
-Force is transmitted to the
crown by spurs, which
contact the teeth.

iv)Open coil spring:
-Made up of stainless
steel wire or Ni-Ti
wire.
-Used for opening of the
space.
v) Closed coil spring:
-Made up of stainless
steel wire or Ni-Ti
wire.
-Used for closing of the
space.

5) Magnets :
Are used for opening or closing spaces.
Normally used magnets are-Samarium cobalt magnets
-Neodymium iron boron magnets
6) Archwires:
i)According to the cross section
-Round
-Square
-Rectagular

Thank you
Leader in continuing dental education


Fixed appliances and its components 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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