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Five essential elements of reading
This document outlines the five core reading skills that are essential for beginning readers: 1) phonemic awareness, 2) phonics, 3) fluency, 4) vocabulary, and 5) comprehension. For each skill, it provides a brief definition and description of how it is developed at different grade levels according to the Sindh Reading Program curriculum. The skills build upon one another to progress from foundational skills like phonemic awareness to higher level skills like comprehension. References are also provided at the end related to each of the five reading skills.
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Five essential elements of reading
- 1. SINDH READING PROGRAM MuhammadYusuf Five Essential Elements of Reading
- 2. Focus on thebuilding blocks for beginning readers Five Core Reading Skills 1. Phonemic Awareness 5. Comprehension 4. Vocabulary 3. Fluency 2. Phonics (Alphabetic Principles)
- 3. Five Core ReadingSkills: 1. Phonemic Awareness Phonemic awareness is the ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in spoken words. Rhyme & Alliteration Phoneme deleting & manipulation Syllable Blending & Segmenting Onset-Rime Blending & Segmenting/Phoneme Isolation Phoneme Blending & Segmenting ECE, Grade 1 Not in NC
- 4. Phonics helps childrenlearn the relationships between the letters of written language and the sounds of spoken language. Letter Recognition Letter Sound- Knowledge Decoding Sight Words Grades 1, 2 “The single best measure of children's ability to apply knowledge of letter- sound correspondences in decoding words is provided by measures of non-word reading (Share & Stanovich, 1995. Reading Rockets).” Five Core Reading Skills: 2. Phonics (Alphabetic Principle)
- 5. Five Core ReadingSkills: 3. Fluency Fluency is the ability to read a text accurately, quickly (automaticity), and with expression (prosody). Fluency is important because it provides a bridge between word recognition and comprehension. • Grades 1 and 2 – include reading of words and simple sentences and texts but not defined as “Fluency” • “Fluency” per above definition is stated in Grade 3 – LO1 • Fluency is measured as Word Correct Per Minute (WCPM) • No WCPM targets or ranges identified in National Curriculum Five Core Reading Skills: 3. Fluency
- 6. Five Core ReadingSkills: 4. Vocabulary Vocabulary plays an important part in learning to read. Beginning readers must use the words they hear orally to make sense of the words they see in print. Vocabulary development directly affects reading comprehension. Receptive Expressive 1. The receptive vocabulary refers to how many concepts/words a child understands. 2. The expressive vocabulary represents those concepts/words that a child can communicate.
- 7. Five Core ReadingSkills: 5. Comprehension Comprehension is the reason for reading. If readers can read the words but do not understand or connect to what they are reading, they are not really reading. Good readers are both purposeful and active, and have the skills to absorb what they read, analyze it, make sense of it, and make it their own.
- 8. Pinnell, G (2008)How Does Literacy Collaborative Emphasize the Five Essential Elements of Reading Instruction? Online available http://literacycollaborative.org/docs/fiveEssentialElements.pdf Penner-Wilger M, (2008) Reading Fluency:A Bridge from Decoding to Comprehension AutoSkill International Inc Ottawa http://eps.schoolspecialty.com/downloads/research_papers/other/Fluency_Research.pdf http://www.readingrockets.org/teaching/reading101/comprehension