This document discusses the planning and construction of fish farms. It covers fish farm planning considerations like available land, water, target production, and capital. It also describes two main types of fish farming systems - extensive (earthen pond) and intensive. For extensive systems, the document outlines pond design factors and considerations for pond shape, slope, and depth. It also lists the major buildings and equipment needed for a fish farm, including aeration equipment, nets, boats, pumps, and trucks. Proper planning and equipment selection are emphasized as essential for successful aquaculture.

1. Fish Farm- Design &
Construction
Done by: Sumaiah Alghamdi
Submitted to Dr : Maie Al Obeid

2. Content
• Introduction
• Fish farm Planning
• Extensive and Intensive Systems types
• Extensive (Design of earthen ponds)
• Buildings
• Other major equipment
• conclusion
• References

3. Introduction
• The success of any production system in industry , agriculture
and aquaculture relies heavily on design and construction. A well
designed and constructed system provides the foundation for
successful operations. Aquaculture has developed some unique
equipment and some unique uses for equipment.
• Typical fish farm was developed by forming small ponds by
hand, or an even simpler method of trapping tidal water flow in
estuaries by building simple water retaining structures.

4. Fish farm Planning
Planning a fish farm is an important step in the farming investment.
1- The size of a fish farm which determined by:
• Amount of water available
• The land available and usable for fish culture
• The technology to be employed.
• The target production
• Capital available for investment

5. Fish farm Planning (cont..)
2-The number and the shape of ponds which determined by:
• Land size
• Topography of the land
• The species to be produced
• Frequency of harvest
• Target quantity per harvest
However, rectangular ponds are easier to manage.

6. Fish farm Planning (cont..)
3-Selection of region: In general, knowledge of local geography
and local and geology, climate and weather
• Free of pathogens , Pollution and undesirable organism
• Open space for aeration
• Future expansion of the project
• susceptibility of the site to flooding
• availability of suitable manpower to operate the farm
• proximity of markets easy transportation
• Electricity and Water availability and good Temperature and Soil.

7. Extensive and Intensive Systems types:
IntensiveExtensivetypes
Tanks, raceways, troughs,
cages, small earthen ponds
Earthen pondLocation
Complete feeding. Generally,
prepared feeds; highly
managed ponds with regular
water exchange/management
Built to farm fish, specific
and shape; water level and
water quality monitored and
maintained; some
supplementary feeding;
predator control.
characteristics

8. Extensive (Design of earthen ponds)
a good pond should be designed in such a way to allow total control
of During the process of designing ponds
decisions should be made.
• Total area of the pond water surface needed
• The length and the width of the pond water surface
• The water depth and the total pond depth at both the deep and
shallow ends
• The slope of the dykes and the pond bottom
• The width of dykes

9. Extensive (Design of earthen ponds)
(cont..)
Type and Shape :There are three basic structural types.
• excavated pond
• Levee ponds
• Combination Watershed-Levee Ponds
Ponds should be square or rectangular to make the most efficient
use of available land. It is more economical to construct square
ponds; however, rectangular ponds are easier to manage.

10. Extensive (Design of earthen ponds)
(cont..)

11. Buliding
• Office ,toilet and washroom laboratory
• general workroom with tanks for holding, sorting ,and treating
fish, with vehicular access
• meal room and room with filters and air blowers.
• store rooms for chemicals, feed, equipment
• garages for vehicles, boats, pumps, traps, nets, mowers
• workshop for repairing and making equipment
• handling and packaging room for preparing fish for packaging
and dispatch

12. Other major equipment
• Aquaculture uses a wide range of devices, such as aeration
equipment ,nets and seines, boats, pumps, tractors, and trucks.
1- Aeration Equipment
Aerators work in
A- increasing the area of contact between air and water.
B-circulate water so that fish can find areas with higher oxygen
concentrations.

13. Cont..))Other major equipment
• Most aerators are in one of the following categories: surface
spray or vertical pump, pump sprayer, paddlewheel,
diffused air, and propeller aspirator pump.
surface spray or vertical pump

14. Cont..))Other major equipment
paddlewheel

15. Cont..))Other major equipment
2-Seines net
.Seines should be made of polyethylene or nylon.. Also, seines need
to be treated so they do not rot The mesh size to be used varies
according to the minimum size of the fish to be captured.

16. Cont..))Other major equipment
3-Live-Cars or Socks
• Holding live fish is sometimes necessary if the market cannot
take all the catch in one day, or because of a delay between
capture and hauling fish to market. They are made of the same
material as seines.

17. Cont..))Other major equipment
4-Transporting
Transporting live fish requires maximum care to avoid losses.
5-Oxygen Testing Equipment
6-Boats: Boats are used for dispensing certain chemicals directly
into the water.
7-Trucks: One or more ½- to ¾-ton pickup trucks are necessary
for routine work around the farm.
8-Tractors : needed for such things as pulling a feeder, providing
power for a paddlewheel aeration device and pulling a seine

18. Conclusion:
• Although pond culture still predominates, the use of raceways,
tanks,, cages, and recirculating systems has increased. .
Regardless of the culture system, planning is essential for
successful aquaculture. Next, the aquaculturalist must completely
understand the type of production facility being used. Each
aquaculturalist needs to select carefully the best equipment for
his or her facility and be knowledgeable in the use of the
equipment.

19. any Question?

21. References
• Parker Rick, Aquaculture Science, Third Edition
• www.cengage.com/highered
• http://www.fao.org/docrep/t8598e/t8598e05.htm
• http://www.nafis.go.ke/livestock/fish-farming/fish-
farm-planning/pond-construction-costing/