The document provides guidelines for recommended contents of first aid kits for aircraft. It lists various supplies that are suggested for inclusion, such as plasters, bandages, gloves, antiseptic solutions, as well as items like a first aid manual, pen and notepad. It notes that first aid kits are required for aircraft used in commercial operations or with 10 or more passenger seats. The guidelines stress the importance of first aid kits for all aircraft and having supplies organized and stored properly in waterproof containers.
Health problems affect production. The result is reduced capacity and reoccurring disturbances, eventually decreased profit. Furthermore, not only welders are at risk in unsafe environments. Production equipment, as well as end products, are negatively affected from the lack of adequate safety measures. Automated welding equipment such as robots - and its operators - can be subject to residual fumes and also need to be protected.
Good safety and health is good business!
Health problems affect production. The result is reduced capacity and reoccurring disturbances, eventually decreased profit. Furthermore, not only welders are at risk in unsafe environments. Production equipment, as well as end products, are negatively affected from the lack of adequate safety measures. Automated welding equipment such as robots - and its operators - can be subject to residual fumes and also need to be protected.
Good safety and health is good business!
Anyone who once had a desire to pursue a medical course to save lives but did not get the opportunity due to either academic qualifications or finances can pursue EMT or paramedic course and find his/her way to the life saving skills.
Presentation OSHA ( Occupational Safety and Health Administration )/ Keselama...Caroline Ugan
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). It’s mission is to help employers and employees reduce on the job injuries, illnesses and deaths.In this notes, you will be exposed on the topic of first aid in the safety and health of workers.Hopefully give a bit of knowledge of first aid in the workplace. Thank You. :)
Anyone who once had a desire to pursue a medical course to save lives but did not get the opportunity due to either academic qualifications or finances can pursue EMT or paramedic course and find his/her way to the life saving skills.
Presentation OSHA ( Occupational Safety and Health Administration )/ Keselama...Caroline Ugan
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). It’s mission is to help employers and employees reduce on the job injuries, illnesses and deaths.In this notes, you will be exposed on the topic of first aid in the safety and health of workers.Hopefully give a bit of knowledge of first aid in the workplace. Thank You. :)
Learn what to do with many Cold Weather Injuries such as Hypothermia, Frostbite, Frostnip, Trenchfoot, Immersion Foot, Chilblains. I give a lot of First Aid Information.
North of England P&I Association
Loss prevention Guides
Cargo stowage and securing: a guide to good practice 2nd Edition, Charles BLIAULT and NE P&I Association
Your Guide To Australian PPE Standards & RequirementsGarment Printing
Developing Australian Standards for PPE is a long and exhaustive process and comes into place after a lot of combined effort on the part of the industry and the regulators. Experts and testing centres indulge in a lot of testing using the appropriate testing equipment to gather the required data.
Now familiarize yourself with the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations for the safe transport of dangerous goods by air with this podcast.
Visit our website for Course related information and details.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
First aid kits
1. First -Aid
Kits
Suggested Contents
To help pilots put together their own first-aid kit, or assess which pre-packed first-
aid kit to buy, here are some guidelines on suitable first-aid kit contents. This is just
a starting point; you can add extra items to your kit to suit your own individual
requirements. We have not recommended how many of each item you should
include, as this will depend on the seating capacity of your aircraft.
All these items should be stored in a container that is waterproof and resealable.
First-aid kits are required to be carried
on aircraft used for air transport
operations and on any aircraft with 10
or more passenger seats. There are
no rules that specify what a first-aid kit
must contain.
It is important to have a well-stocked
first-aid kit in the aircraft you fly,
regardless of whether you are required
by the rules to have one or not.
Plasters
A range of
different sized
plasters for small
cuts and blisters.
CPR mask/mouth
shield
For infection control when
performing CPR.
Crepe bandages
To hold dressings in
position and support
injured limbs. Several
required.
Disposable
gloves
For infection
control.
First-aid manual
Simple instructions on how
to deal with common first-
aid situations. Keep this at
the top of your kit.
Pen and
notepad
For taking
notes about
an accident.
Pain
killers
Paracetamol
tablets.
Saline solution/
sterile water
To clean eyes, wounds
and burns.
Safety pins
Several, of different
sizes, for securing
bandages.
Hypoallergenic
tape
To hold dressings
and bandages in place.
Tweezers
For removing splinters and stings.
Triangular
bandages
These can be used
as a sling or as a
large bandage.
Scissors
For cutting
bandages and
clothing.
Survival blankets
If you do not already
have these on board in
a survival kit, include
one blanket per seat.
Dressings
Several sterile dressings,
both non-adhesive and
adhesive, for burns,
abrasions, and cuts.
VECTOR – Pointing to Safer Aviation March / April 200614
2. We recommend that you do not include:
• Antiseptic cream or solution. Creams can grow bacteria
after they are opened, and if liquid solutions are not diluted
correctly (difficult to achieve in an aircraft accident situation)
they can cause burns to a wound. Instead, simply clean a
wound with saline solution or clean running water.
• Cotton wool or tissues. These can leave fibres behind in a
wound that will slow the healing process.
Organising the Contents
If your first-aid kit is in a plastic container without divisions
or pockets to separate items, snap-lock style plastic bags can
be used to organise the contents. Group bandages, dressings,
gloves, etc, in different snap-lock bags. This will allow you
to empty out the contents of your kit without getting things
dirty, making it easier to survey the contents and find what
you need quickly in an emergency. Trying to sift through the
contents while keeping them all in the box could be frustrating
and stressful.
Snap-lock bags will help keep the items in your kit waterproof
in case the container leaks. They can also be used for carrying
water, or disposing of dirty dressings. They can be used
to irrigate wounds with water if the corner is cut off then
squeezed like a cake decorator, as well as being used as an
improvised glove.
Other Factors
It is recommended that operators who are required to have
a first-aid kit should decide on its contents by taking into
account: the operating environment, routes to be flown, the
type of operation, the number of passengers carried, and any
likely medical requirements.
It is a good idea to keep a contents list inside your kit and have
it inspected against the list:
• every 12 months,
• when crew have reported that the kit has
been used, or
• when an item in the kit has reached its expiry date.
The first-aid kit inspection should also confirm that its location
and placarding are in accordance with rule 91.523. This
requires the kit to be readily accessible for the treatment of
injuries in flight, and any compartments or containers with
kits inside must be marked to indicate location. Also check
that the location of the first-aid kit minimises damage to the
kit itself, or injury to aircraft occupants should the kit become
detached (such as during an accident).
Private operators who are not required to have a first-aid kit
should also take the above factors into account when placing
a kit in their aircraft.
Our AIP New Zealand amendments arrive about a month before
they are effective, so we put them to one side and diligently
incorporate them when they are due. Don’t we? We insert the
new AIP Supplements and remove the old ones – hello, what’s
this other thing, Aeronautical Information Circular (AIC) dated
some time ago? Surely it’s out of date, out with it – but wait!
Refer to AIP Supplement 1 for the current year – it is an AIP
New Zealand publication checklist, updated each cycle, and it
will include details of current AICs.
AICs are a means of promulgating aeronautical information
that does not qualify for inclusion in the AIP New Zealand or
NOTAM, and this normally includes:
• A long-term forecast of any major change in legislation,
procedures or facilities.
• Information of a purely explanatory or advisory nature liable
to affect flight safety, or concerning technical, legislative or
administrative matters.
ICAO Annex 15 Aeronautical Information Services Chapter 7 lists
20 sub-categories of these types on information, but it is not
intended to reproduce these here. For the record, current AICs
(as at 16 MAR 06) are:
• 1/04 GPS Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring Prediction
Service in New Zealand.
• 4/04 Auckland Oceanic FIR RNP Implementation.
• 3/05 Proposed Changes to Provision of Flight Information for
IFR Flights.
• 4/05 GNSS Procedure
Development Policy.
• 5/05 Non-Precision Instrument
Approach Procedures – Constant
Angle Descent Profile.
• 1/06 Pre-Departure Clearances
at Auckland, Wellington and
Christchurch via Airline Host
Computer
The trigger for this article was a
comment by Airways New Zealand to
the effect that one of the difficulties
when proposing new procedures or
makingchangesthataffectasignificant
portion of industry, is how to consult
or how to get the message across.
There always remains the question as to whether everybody
who might be affected has been contacted. Although the ICAO
way is to issue an AIC, it has been found that very few take
notice of AICs until after the fact. An example is 4/05, where it
was not until Airways notified the withdrawal of the Gisborne
NDB that any user reaction occurred. The first iteration of that
AIC was published some 18 months earlier.
Key phrases in both 3/05 and 4/05 respectively are, “Comment
is invited” and “Should you have any comments … please
contact …” – so feedback was being sought the whole while.
Is there a message in there somewhere?
AICs Aren’t a Pain
15March / April 2006 VECTOR – Pointing to Safer Aviation
3. First-Aid Signs
The first-aid kits article in our last issue did not address
markings of first-aid containers. We have heard criticisms of
people who still mark their first-aid-kit container white with a
red cross.
The red cross emblem belongs to the International
Committee of the Red Cross, as does the red crescent,
and these are the only two emblems recognised under the
Geneva conventions. Relief workers and ambulances bearing
these symbols are protected under international law. In war
zones or disaster regions, they must be granted free access to
people in need of help.
This is not the domain of environmental health and safety.
There is no universal standard for a first-aid sign, but
that used by the European Agency for Safety and
Health at Work (92/58/EEC) is similar to our Australian
and New Zealand standards. Without question, the
New Zealand standard should apply within New Zealand.
The “Australian Standard: Safety signs for the occupational
environment” has been adopted by New Zealand as NZS /
AS 1319–1994.
In the Standard, the sign meaning “First-Aid” is a green
rectangle with a white border and a white cross (confusingly
referred to as a “green cross” in some quarters). The
green colour may vary depending on whether it is back-lit,
reflectorised, painted, vinyl, etc. For those who are familiar
with printing ink colours, the standard is PMS 349C. The sign
printed here in Vector is to the New Zealand standard, using
PMS 349C.
So, anyone stowing a first-aid kit would need this sign on the
container and, if necessary, an indicator of where the kit is
stowed (inside, etc), using arrows if necessary.
For a few dollars you can buy a first-aid box label in self-
adhesive vinyl at any of a number of shops throughout
New Zealand. Look under “Safety Equipment & Products” in
the Yellow Pages.
Water Bottle
Caution
Following our article “Need a Drink?”
on the dangers of dehydration in the
November/December 2005 Vector, a
reader has written in with a caution.
In cockpits with a lot of visibility, plastic
drink bottles can focus sunlight in a way
similar to a magnifying glass. The reader
gave a couple of examples. One instance
of this only resulted in melted plastic,
but the other resulted in a passenger
receiving a significant burn.
First-Aid Kits
In the March/April 2006 issue of Vector we explained that Civil
Aviation Rules require first-aid kits to be carried on aircraft used
for air transport operations, and on any aircraft with 10 or more
passenger seats.
In addition to Civil Aviation Rules, the Health and Safety in
Employment Regulations 1995 place a duty on employers to
take all practicable steps to ensure first-aid facilities are provided
at every place of work under the control of that employer. Every
aircraft that a pilot is employed to fly is deemed to be a workplace,
therefore aircraft being used for commercial transport operations
and agricultural operations, for example, are also required to carry
a first-aid kit.
For full details, refer to the Health and Safety in Employment
Regulations 1995, Part 1, General Duties of Employers, 4. Duties in
respect of facilities at every place of work.
19May / June 2006 VECTOR – Pointing to Safer Aviation