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1. ST MARY’S TECHNICAL CAMPUS KOLKATA
NORTH 24 PARGANA, BARASAT KOLKATA 700126, WEST BENGAL
Department of Civil Engineering,
St Mary’s Technical Campus Kolkata
PRESENTED BY :-
NAME : SAJAL ROY
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING & ENGINEERING CE (PC)601
6TH Semester(B.Tech)

2. FIRE FIGHTING ARRANGEMENT IN PUBLIC
BUILDING
History has produced many deadly fires in public assembly buildings. Fortunately, lessons learned from past
events permitted the creation and updating of life safety codes in an effort to address these deadly types of fires
in the future. Despite this, fire officials who inspect buildings of public assembly must be attuned to numerous
matters that, regrettably, come into play over and over again.

3. Construction and design of a building should consider the life safety of occupants, but often it
doesn’t. For example, nightclubs and restaurants might be located on the top floors of high-rise
buildings. This location can delay firefighters from arriving and attacking a fire in a timely manner.
If delayed, they can’t assist in initial rescue or evacuation efforts.
A public assembly might consist of large, unbroken areas that allow a fire to spread quickly. On
the other hand, a maze-like configuration can confuse people who are disoriented by smoke and
trying to locate the door through which they entered the building.
Firefighters might find that building access/egress is limited because of building renovations,
which can include false fronts and windowless design. Some buildings have converted from other
occupancies—for example, a barn that was turned into a theater by a theatrical group.
Firefighters who are unaware of this change in building occupancy could be confronted with a
serious life hazard problem if they expect a routine barn fire.
CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN

4. A person who is unfamiliar with a building most likely won’t react according to a prescribed evacuation
plan unless directed to do so by a person in authority. Under emergency conditions, this direction might
not be given or the person might not understand the message. This leads to individuals reacting in a way
that they believe will best safeguard themselves, possibly causing evacuation problems for firefighters.
A building’s heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system can spread fire and smoke. Knowledge
and control of these systems by the fire department might assist firefighting operations if it’s deemed
beneficial to utilize these systems to ventilate deadly smoke from the building. If this isn’t possible, these
systems should be shut down immediately to prevent spread of fire and smoke.

5. Although an official can diligently inspect a building during construction for code compliance, furnishings
that are added afterward can contribute to a fast-burning fire. A management concern is the aesthetic
effect that’s created by furnishings; rarely is attention paid to the fire resistance of a material that’s selected
for their occupancies.
Seasonal motifs, including Halloween, Easter and Christmas decorations, can pose a deadly threat. Live
evergreen trees, although beautiful, dry out quickly. When ignited, they release a tremendous amount of
heat. Loosely hanging banners or crepe paper can ignite easily.
Combustible interior finishes and furnishings can permit a fire to spread rapidly, often creating large
amounts of deadly smoke. Decorative combustible furnishings will let fire spread at such a rate that the
occupants might have little time to escape.
At the Beverly Hills Supper Club in Southgate, KY, in 1977, untreated, decorative materials contributed to the
rapid spread of fire and the loss of life of 164 occupants
FURNISHINGS AND FINISHING

7. Some public assemblies are easier to evacuate than others.
A bingo hall can be difficult. Patrons don’t want to be disturbed unless confronted with conditions that they consider life-
threatening.
People who are told to leave a movie theater want a refund before exiting, adding confusion and delay.
The ease of evacuating a restaurant depends on whether the patrons already ate their meal. If so, they leave happily; if not,
they might resist.
Alarm systems in casinos might not ring in the gaming areas. The owners realize that if patrons are made to leave, many fail
to return: The winners rethink their lucky streak, and the losers believe that their luck will change at another casino
Evacuation

8. Pyrotechnics
The use of pyrotechnics at concerts and other events requires strict code enforcement to ensure the safety of
the occupants.
In February 2003, a deadly fire occurred in West Warwick, RI, at the Station nightclub. The blaze killed 100
people and injured 200 others. The fire was started by a band’s pyrotechnic display, which ignited foam
decorations and wood paneling.
Patrons first recognized danger 24 seconds after ignition, and the bulk of the crowd began to evacuate around
the time that the band stopped playing (about 30 seconds after ignition).

9. A prime ingredient in life safety should a fire occur in public assemblies is the actions of
employees. The training that employees receive enhances their reactions. Promptly
reporting a fire and alerting the occupants is critical. Extinguishing a minor trash-can fire
can prevent a major problem. Employees have the ability to cause panic or reduce it.
Conclusion

10. THANK YOU