FIRE HAZARDS

1. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
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FIRE HAZARD

2. FIRE HAZARD
 Fire hazards in construction projects refer to conditions, materials, or activities that
significantly increase the risk of fire incidents on the work site.
 The potential impact of fire hazards on construction projects can be substantial,
including:
 Delays in project timelines due to damage and disruption caused by fires.
 Increased project costs for repairs, replacements, and additional safety measures.
 Threats to the safety and well-being of workers, contractors, and nearby communities.
 Damage to valuable equipment, machinery, and construction materials.
 Negative effects on the reputation of the project stakeholders and the construction industry.
 Potential legal liabilities and regulatory fines for non-compliance with safety standards.
 Environmental harm, including air and water pollution from burning materials.
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3. SOURCES OF FIRE HAZARD IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
 Flammable Materials:
Examples: Gasoline, diesel fuel,
propane tanks, paint solvents, aerosol
cans, adhesives, insulation materials.
Risk: Improper storage or handling of
flammable substances can lead to
accidental ignition, creating rapid and
intense fires.
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4. SOURCES OF FIRE HAZARD IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
 Electrical Malfunctions:
Examples: Faulty wiring, overloaded
circuits, exposed wires, damaged
electrical equipment.
Risk: Electrical malfunctions can spark
fires, particularly in areas with high
power usage, temporary electrical
installations, or inadequate grounding.
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5. SOURCES OF FIRE HAZARD IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
 Improper Storage:
Examples: Stacking combustible
materials too closely, obstructing fire
exits with materials, storing flammable
items near heat sources.
Risk: Cluttered or haphazard storage
practices can hinder escape routes,
fuel fires, and complicate firefighting
efforts.
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6. SOURCES OF FIRE HAZARD IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
 Inadequate Safety Protocols:
Examples: Lack of fire extinguishers,
insufficient training for workers,
absence of fire drills, failure to
designate fire watch during hot work.
Risk: Inadequate safety measures can
result in delayed response to fires,
inadequate suppression efforts, and
increased chances of fire spread.
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7. SOURCES OF FIRE HAZARD IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
 Hot Work Activities:
Examples: Welding, cutting, soldering,
brazing, grinding.
Risk: Hot work generates sparks, slag,
and radiant heat that can ignite nearby
combustibles or flammable gases if not
properly controlled.
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8. SOURCES OF FIRE HAZARD IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
 Construction Debris:
Examples: Piles of wood, paper, or
discarded materials left around the site.
Risk: Accumulated debris provides fuel
for fires and can obstruct evacuation
routes, impeding safe escape.
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9. FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
 Fire extinguishing systems are designed to control, suppress, or extinguish fires in
various environments, such as buildings, industrial facilities, vehicles, and more. These
systems play a crucial role in protecting lives and property by quickly responding to fires
and preventing them from spreading.
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10. FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS -AUTOMATIC
SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
 Automatic Sprinkler Systems:
Sprinklers automatically release water
when a predetermined temperature is
reached, suppressing fires and
preventing their spread.
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11. COMPONENTS -AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER
SYSTEMS
 Sprinkler Heads
Sprinkler heads are attached to the pipes and have a heat-sensitive element, often a glass bulb filled
with a heat-sensitive liquid or a fusible link, that holds the water back until a specific temperature is
reached.
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12. COMPONENTS -AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER
SYSTEMS
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13. COMPONENTS -AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER
SYSTEMS
 Piping Network: Pipes are installed
throughout the building, typically in the
ceiling or overhead areas, forming a
network that delivers water to various
locations.
 Water Supply: A reliable water supply,
usually from the building's water mains,
is required to provide the water
necessary to suppress a fire.
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14. FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
 Clean Agent Systems
 FM-200 Systems:
FM-200 gas is non-conductive,
colorless, and residue-free, ideal for
safeguarding sensitive environments.
Their design aims to minimize harm to
valuable equipment and structures
while ensuring quick fire suppression.
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15. FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
 Gaseous Suppression Systems:
CO2 is released as a gas, displacing
oxygen and suppressing fires.
It's effective for electrical equipment
and flammable liquid fires.
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16. FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
 Foam-Based Systems:
Foam systems generate and discharge
foam to suppress flammable liquid fires by
separating the fuel from the air and cooling
the fire's surface.
Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), protein
foam, and alcohol-resistant foam are some
examples.
Applications : Fuel storage facilities,
airports, chemical processing plants, and
industrial sites where flammable liquids are
present.
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17. FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
 Emergency Response Plan:
 Develop an evacuation plan and conduct fire drills.
 Establish assembly points and communication protocols.
 Fire Prevention Measures:
 Limit flammable materials on-site and store them properly.
 Keep ignition sources away from flammable materials.
 Prohibit smoking on-site and around the construction area.
 Firefighting Equipment:
 Provide accessible fire extinguishers, hoses, and water sources.
 Train workers in proper fire extinguisher use.
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18. FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
 Electrical Safety:
 Regularly inspect and maintain electrical equipment.
 Use temporary wiring safely and avoid overloading circuits.
 Equipment Maintenance:
 Maintain construction equipment to prevent mechanical failures.
 Flammable Liquid Storage:
 Store flammable liquids in approved containers away from heat sources.
 Waste Disposal:
 Properly dispose of waste materials to prevent fire hazards.
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19. FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
 Hot Work Procedures:
 Implement strict procedures for welding, cutting, and hot work.
 Fire-Resistant Materials:
 Use fire-resistant materials for temporary structures.
 Fire Alarms and Communication:
 Install and regularly test fire alarm systems.
 Establish a clear communication system for emergencies.
 Access and Egress:
 Maintain clear pathways and exits for easy evacuation.
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