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PITC IVB - SAFETY HAZARDS.pdf
- 1. SAFETY HAZARDS 2 IN THE GENERAL INDUSTRY
- 2. SESSION OBJECTIVE: Upon completion of the module, participants will be able to: •Understand the value of practicing good workplace housekeeping; •Explain the principles of fire prevention, suppression, and control; •Enumerate ways of machine safeguarding; •Electrical Safety •Demonstrate safe method of manual lifting and handling of materials; •Safety in Working at Dangerous Heights
- 3. • POOR HOUSEKEEPING • FIRE SAFETY • MATERIAL HANDLING AND STORAGE • ELECTRICAL SAFETY • WORKING AT HEIGHTS SESSION OUTLINE:
- 4. SAFETY HAZARDS? 2 • AN INCIDENT RESULTED TO INJURIES • WHICH CAN BE VIOLENT IN NATURE • RESULTED TO BRUISES, CUTS, PUNCTURES AND BROKEN BONES (ELECTROCUTIONS, SLIPS TRIPS AND FALLS, STRUCK BY, MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS)
- 5. POOR HOUSEKEEPING “MADALING GAWIN MAHIRAP PANATILIHIN
- 6. HOUSEKEEPING ➢HOUSEKEEPING IS MORE THAN BEING CLEAN AND SAFE, IT’S A DISPLAY OF AN EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION ➢HOUSEKEEPING IS MAKING SURE THAT EVERYTHINGIS ON ITS RIGHTFUL PLACE ➢HOUSEKEEPING IS RESPONSIBILITYOF EVERY MEMBER OF THE ORGANIZATION ➢HOUSEKEEPING MINIMISE IF NOT ELIMINATED UNFORSEEN DIRECT AND INDIRECTLOSTS AND CONTINUESCOMPANIES PRODUCTIVITY
- 7. SIGNS OF POOR HOUSEKEEPING ▪ Cluttered and poorly arranged areas ▪ Materials gathering rust and dirt from disuse ▪ Blocked aisleway ▪ Untidy or dangerous storage of materials ▪ Overflow storage areas and shelves ▪ Presence of items no longer needed or in excess ▪ Dusty, dirty floors and work surfaces ▪ Tools and equipment left in work areas ▪ No waste bins and containers ▪ Presence of spills and leaks
- 8. SIGNS OF POOR HOUSEKEEPING
- 9. ACCIDENTS FROM POOR HOUSEKEEPING ▪ Being hit by falling objects ▪ Tripping over loose objects on floors, stairs and platforms ▪ Slipping on greasy, wet or dirty surfaces ▪ Striking against projecting, poorly stacked items or misplaced material ▪ Cutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or other parts of the body on projecting nails, wire or steel strapping ▪ Electrocution from exposed live wires ▪ FIRES!!!!!
- 11. Fire - Rapid oxidation with the evolution of light and heat. Fire Triangle Oxygen– in sufficient quantities, combine with the fuel for combustion to occur. Fuel – can be any combustible material Heat – energy necessary to raise the temperature of the fuel and the oxygen to a point at which they will react together.
- 12. Planning a Good Housekeeping Program (5S) ▪ 5S is a tool that represents the basic principles of housekeeping and workplace organization. It is more than cleaning and painting. It is a disciplined approach to keep the workplace efficient and effective. ▪ Benefits Of 5S: • Maintains safe and healthy work conditions • High morale. Employees feel good in their second home. • Improve company image.
- 13. DIRT AND UNTIDINESS Refuse and process waste are good kindling for a fire to start or help a fire to expand. CONTRACTORS’ OPERATIONS Building and maintenance contractors often use a variety of Equipment, which can produce a great deal of heat (blowlamps, welding and simple drilling.) Causes of Workplace Fires
- 14. PROCESS HAZARD A: Faults in process plants leads to: 1.Overheated machinery bearings and frictional sparks. 2. Tremendous amount of HEAT. B: Sparks from cutting and welding tools C: Lack of regular maintenance Causes of Industrial Fires
- 15. CUTTING, GRINDING, WELDING, BRAZING.CHIPING ETC. •HOT WORK ACTIVITY hot work activity is any activity that involves open flames or produces heat and/or sparks capable of initiating fires or explosions
- 17. FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS Flammable solvents of all kinds are both necessary and dangerous in many industrial processes.With peculiar problem of petrol shortages, experience has shown that often this most dangerous of all substances is badly transported and stored. Causes of Unwanted Fires
- 18. INDIRECT EFFECTS: refers to the consequence flowing from the direct effect of fire. (a) for the injured person * loss of earning or earning capacity *disrupted family life. *disrupted personal life, and *other consequences e.g. pain & suffering Effects of Industrial Fires
- 19. (b) for the Owner: * injury costs * production loss costs. * property damage costs. * reduction in employee morale. * poor reputation as a result of adverse, media publicity. * poor customer relations following adverse media publicity. Effects of Industrial Fires
- 20. INDUSTRIAL FIRE SAFETY STAGES OF FIRES convection These stages are: • incipient • growth • fully developed • decay
- 21. INDUSTRIAL FIRE SAFETY STAGES OF FIRES convection These stages are: • incipient • growth • fully developed • decay • It is the stage where anyone in the workforce can utilize the fire • It is the Stage that a Fire can be deplete using conventional fire Extinguishers or Waters. • It is the stage that the need for PPE for fire fighting is not required (such as SCBA and Fire Suits) • Fire is not on a large quantity
- 22. INDUSTRIAL FIRE SAFETY STAGES OF FIRES convection These stages are: • incipient • growth • fully developed • decay Growth – • The growth stage is where the structures fire load and oxygen are used as fuel for the fire. Self-sustaining • There are numerous factors affecting the growth stage including where the fire started, what combustibles are near it, ceiling height and the potential for “thermal layering”. • It is during this shortest of the 4 stages when a deadly “flashover” can occur; potentially trapping, injuring or killing firefighters.
- 23. INDUSTRIAL FIRE SAFETY STAGES OF FIRES convection These stages are: • incipient • growth • fully developed • decay Fully Developed – • When the growth stage has reached its max • all combustible materials have been ignited. • This is the hottest phase of a fire and the most dangerous for anybody trapped within.
- 24. INDUSTRIAL FIRE SAFETY STAGES OF FIRES convection These stages are: • incipient • growth • fully developed • decay Decay – During the final stages of fire, a flame will enter the decay phase. • This stage occurs after the fully developed flame starts to run out of fuel or oxygen. F • The decay stage is reducing the oxygen supply with firefighting equipment. • during this phase that it has to limit the fire’s access to combustible material and oxygen. • Even if a fire appears to be out, there is a chance of reigniting when the right materials are available.
- 25. SAFETY IN MATERIAL HANDLING & STORAGE
- 26. Materials Handling A technique which includes the art of lifting, placing, storing or moving of materials through the use of appropriate handling equipment and men. Manual Handling ▪ is the of lifting, transporting and packaging of products using own physical strength. ▪ Hand operated handling, transporting and packaging of products. Mechanical Handling ▪ pertains to more rigid, powered and non-powered mechanics mainly for handling bulky and heavy items
- 28. Hazards Associated with Materials Handling ▪ Failure of the lifting equipment ▪ Falling load ▪ Collision ▪ Trapped between objects
- 29. MANUAL ⚫ Individual Capacity 25 kg…female 50 kg…male ⚫ Accessories 2 wheeled hand trucks 4 wheeled hand trucks Crowbars Shovel MECHANICAL ⚫ Powered Hand Truck ⚫ Crane ⚫ Hoist ⚫ Forklift ⚫ Boom Truck ⚫ Heavy - Duty Truck ⚫ Tractors ⚫ Railroad Cars ⚫ Conveyors ⚫ Pipelines Pallets Carton Clamps Wire Ropes Lifting Bars TYPES OF MATERIALS HANDLING
- 30. Manual Handling – Mistakes That Cause Injuries ▪Bending Back ▪Twisting with load ▪Attempting to much weight (load too heavy) ▪Reaching too far ▪Lifting to one side ▪Off – balance shifting ▪Failure to use personal PPE, such as gloves, safety shoes
- 35. 35 Why should you be concerned about electrical hazards Leading Causes of Death in the general industry. They were falls, followed by electrocution, struck by object, and caught-in/between. •Falls — 349 out of 874 total deaths in construction in CY 2014 (39.9%) •Electrocutions — 74 (8.5%) •Struck by Object — 73 (8.4%) •Caught-in/between — 12 (1.4%) The Cost of Accident is so expensive far far more.
- 36. Electrical Hazards Electrical burns are among the most seriousburns and require immediate medical attention. They occur when electric current flows through tissues or bone, generating heat that causes tissue damage. • Electrical burns • Arc or Flash Burns • Thermal Contact Burns • In addition to shock and burn hazards, electricity poses other dangers. For example, arcs that result from short circuits can cause injury or start a fire. Extremely high-energy arcs can damage equipment, causing fragmented metal to fly in all directions. Even low-energy arcs can cause violent explosions in atmospheres that contain flammable gases, vapors, or combustible dusts.
- 38. EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT TO THE HUMAN BODY People sometimes “freeze” when they are shocked? When a person receives an electrical shock, sometimes the electrical stimulation causes the muscles to contract. This “freezing” effect makes the person unable to pull free of the circuit. It is extremely dangerous because it increases the length of exposure to electricity and because the current causes blisters, which reduce the body’s resistance and increases the current.
- 39. EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT TO THE HUMAN BODY 39 ➢ Typical points of entry are the hands and feet as they come in contact with electrical current. ➢ Moisture beneath a ring or watch will decrease the skin's resistance and allow current flow. How does current enter the body?
- 40. EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT TO THE HUMAN BODY 40 How does current travel through the body? ➢ The body, composed mostly of water, is a conductor of electricity, so current travels easily. ➢ Current travels the path of least resistance to complete its circuit. ➢ This path could be through upper limbs or between upper and lower limbs. ➢ If this includes the heart and respiratory systems, it can result in serious injury.
- 42. SEVERITY OF SHOCK SEVERITY OF SHOCK IS NOT DETERMINED BY VOLTAGE ALONE BUT DEPENDS ON… QUANTITY OF CURRENT PATH / PASSAGE OF THE CURRENT LENGTH OF TIME TYPE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY HUMAN / PHYSICAL CONDITION 42
- 43. OSHA Office of Training & Education 43
- 44. 44 Electrical Burns Entrance Wound Exit Wound
- 45. 45 Arc or Flash Burns Thermal Contact Burns
- 49. DO 13, Section 15. Workers Skills Certificates In order to professionalize, upgrade and update the level of competence of construction workers, the TESDA shall: a) establish national skills standards for critical construction occupations; b) prepare guidelines on skills testing and certification for critical construction and General Industry occupations; c) accredit sector organizations in the area of skills training and trade testing; and d) extend relevant assistance to construction sector organizations.
- 50. DO 13, Section 15. Construction Workers Skills Certificates In this regard, all workers in critical occupations shall undergo mandatory skills testing for certification by TESDA. An occupation shall be considered critical - a) when the performance of a job affects and endangers people’s lives and limbs; b) when the job involves the handling of tools, equipment and supplies; c) when the job requires a relatively long period of education and training; d) when the performance of the job may compromise the safety, health and environmental concerns within the immediate vicinity of the construction site.
- 51. “Competency Check” At whatheight,doesa workerneedto be protectedfrom falling? If you’reconnectedto a 1.8meter lanyardandfall,how far willyou go? Howmuchforce doesyour anchorpointhave to sustain? Howlongdoesit take to fall20 metersandhit the ground?
- 52. FALL ANATOMY – HOW LONG BEFORE YOU HIT THE GROUND
- 53. FALL ANATOMY – HOW LONG BEFORE YOU HIT THE GROUND
- 54. It takes most people about 1/3 of a second to become aware. It takes another 1/3 of a second for the body to react. A body can fall up to 2.2 meters in 2/3 of a second. .33sec./ 0.55 m .67 sec./ 2.2 m 1 sec./ 4.9 m 2 sec./ 19.6 m
- 56. • Falls from great heights • Electrical hazards • Hazards associated with hoisting equipment with base-mounted hoists • Bad Weather Condition • drop hazards zone / drop object • Path of Swing – Struck By – Caught In Between • Untrained, Unskilled and non Certified Workers • Open Holes at Elevated Area DANGERS AT HEIGHTS
- 57. OPENINGS AT ELEVATED AREA
- 59. FALLAT HEIGHTS
- 65. I. SCAFFOLD TERMINOLOGY SILL (SOLE BOARD) 6" BASE PLATE RUNNER (LEDGER) STANDARD TOEBOARD FALSE UPRIGHT DROP BAR MID RAIL TOP RAIL SCAFFOLD PLANKS BEARER (TRANSOM) LONGITUDINAL BRACING SWIVEL COUPLER FIXED COUPLER (90º) TRANSVERSE BRACING BASE LIFT (KICKER LIFT) LADDER CLAMP 0.95m – 1.15 m (38”-45”) 36” min.
- 67. SAFE USAGE OF LADDER
- 68. MOBILE ELEVATED WORKING FLATFORM
- 69. HAZARD IN MEWP • Unstable or Uneven Ground • Working around or beneath overhead structures, trees or electrical lines • Traffic and pedestrians • Weather hazards (strong winds, rain etc) • Falling objects • Failure of the machine • Falling at heights
- 70. ACCIDENT IN MEWP
- 71. ACCIDENT IN MEWP
- 72. CONTROL OF HAZARD IN MEWP • Unstable or Uneven Ground • Working around or beneath overhead structures, trees or electrical lines • Traffic and pedestrians • Weather hazards (strong winds, rain etc) • Falling objects • Failure of the machine • Falling at heights
- 73. CRANE SUSPENDED MAN BASKET OSHA's 1926.1431 - Hoisting Personnel standard (in 1926 Subpart CC, Cranes & Derricks in Construction) 1415.14: Carriage of Persons by Means of Lifting Appliances No person shall be raised, lowered or carried by a power driven lifting appliance EXCEPT:
- 75. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL Training - Knowledge Inspection – hazard Identification SSOW – Procedures / Policy Tagging System Signage, and Posters
- 76. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL • Emergency Plans • First Aiders • First Aid Kits • Stand By Vehicles • MOA with nearest Medical Facilities • Emergency Communicationprotocols • UnsafeAct / Unsafe Condition Reporting Protocol
- 79. APPROVED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
- 80. FALL RESTRAINT SYSTEM a technique whereby a person is prevented - by means of personal fall protection equipment - from reaching zones where the risk of a fall from a height exists. This system will not prevent a free fall, only limit distance and impact force.
- 81. Work Positioning a technique that enables a person to work supported in tension or suspension by personal fall protection equipment in such a way that a fall from a height is prevented or restricted (normally used in conjunction with an independently anchored back-up/fall arrest system)
- 82. Fall Arrest System a system whereby the distance and consequences of a fall is minimized by use of an appropriate fall protection system, usually consisting of a full body harness connected to a suitable shock absorbing lanyard/system. This system will not prevent a free fall, only limit distance and impact force.
- 83. PPE INSPECTION
- 84. FBH CHECKLISTS
- 85. APPROPRIATE WEARING OF FBH
- 87. APPROPRIATE WEARING OF FBH Workers should certify their commitment to “100 percent tie-off” every year. This is a firm commitment that workers will tie-off at every worksite at all times when climbing. A WORKER MIGHT ALSO IN DANGER WHEN HE USED THE HARNESS BELOW 6FT - HE WILL NOT BE PROTECTED FROM GROUND IMPACT SINCE no one should tie off with a line that’s longer than the drop height • THE ARRESTING FORCE WILL NOT FUNCTION • THE SWING FALL IS ALSO A FACTOR
- 89. • It’s not the fall that kills you, it’s the …. • Reducing the forces in the fall is critical to the safety of the victim
- 90. As stopping distance INCREASES ForceDECREASES Objective? Maximize Stopping Distance…How? Shock AbsorbingLanyard Reducing Fall Forces: 1
- 92. SHOCK ABSORBING LANYARD 120 – 140KG CAPACITY 120 AND BELOW CAPACITY
- 93. Reducing Fall Forces: 2 As Working Weight INCREASES Fall Forces INCREASE Objective? Minimize Working Weight ▪ Diet? ▪ Tools and Equipment?
- 95. Reducing Fall Forces: 3 As Free Fall Distance INCREASES Fall Forces INCREASE Objective? Minimize your free fall distance. ▪ Attach higher ▪ Use a shorter lanyard ▪ Use a Retractable lanyard
- 97. ` Suspension trauma (Syn. "orthostatic shock while suspended"), also known as harness hang syndrome (HHS), suspension syndrome , or orthostatic intolerance, is an effect which occurs when the human body is held upright without any movement for a period of time.
- 100. SWING FALL HAZARDS
- 101. SWING PENDULUM EFFECT / SWING FALL
- 102. DROP ZONE / dropping Objects A dropped object is: “Any object, with the potential to cause death, injury or equipment/environmental damage, that falls from its pre- vious static position under its own weight.” When referring to dropped objects, consider: Hand tools being used at heights.
- 103. Drop Object
- 104. ANY QUESTIONS???