DNA fingerprinting is a technique used for identification by extracting and identifying the base pair pattern of an individual's DNA. Alec Jeffreys developed DNA fingerprinting in 1984 at Leicester University. The evolution of molecular markers progressed from morphological variants pre-1950s to anonymous markers, gene-based markers such as allozymes in the 1960s, RFLPs in the 1980s, SNPs, and complete genomic sequences. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analyzes differences in homologous sequences detected by fragments of different lengths after DNA digestion. Random amplification polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism are types of PCR that amplify random or restriction fragments, respectively. Simple sequence repeats are repetitive nucleotide sequences that vary in length and are used for

1. MOLECULAR MARKERS IN
FINGERPRINTIG OF PGR
B.MOHANAPRIYA
2017600808

2. DNA fingerprinting
• A technique used especially for identification by
extracting and identifying the base pair pattern of
an individual's DNA.
• DNA typing ,
Genetic fingerprinting ,
DNA profiling.

3. History
• Alec jeffreys
in 1984
at Leicester university

5. The evolution of molecular markers
Morphological variants (Pre 1950s)Classical era
Protein scene
DNA Hybridization scene
Pre-PCR era
Oligo scene
Genomics era
Anonymousmarkers
Gene-Basedmarkers
Allozymes (1960s)
Gel electrophoresis (1950s)
Restriction (1968) and Southern blotting (1975)
RFLPs (1980s)
PCR (1986)Gene specific PCR
CAPS (1993)
SSCPs
cDNA sequencing (ESTs)
SSRs (1989)
RAPD (1990)
SCARs
AFLP (1996)
Automation
High – throughput marker analysis
Complete genomic sequenceAFLP on automated sequencers (1998)
AFLP on microarrays (1998)
SNPs
SNPs on chips
Modified from Dr. O’Malley’s presentation

6. Restriction Fragment Length
Polymorphism
Analyze
difference in
homologous
sequence
that can be
detected by
the presence
of fragments
of different
length after
digestion of
DNA
samples.

7. Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA
It is a type of PCR reaction but the segments of DNA that are amplified are
random.

8. Amplified Fragment Length
Polymorphism
• Selective PCR
amplification
of Restriction
fragments
from a total
digest of
genomic
DNA.
•Developed
by Keygene
in 1970's

10. Simple sequence repeats
• Simple sequence repeats are present in all
eukaryotes
• A nucleotide repeat sequence such as (dC-dA)n
, (dG-dT)n as many as 50,000 times with 'n'
varying from 10-60.

11. ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats)

15. References
• Bhat.,k.v, DNA fingerprinting and cultivar identification, national research
centre on fingerprinting,NBPGR,newdelhi.
• Kurt Weising.,Hilde Nybom.,Kirsten Wolff., Gunter Kahl, DNA
Fingerprinting in Plants
Principles, Methods, and Applications,Second Edition,tyalor and francis
group.
• D. Spooner, R. van Treuren and M. C. de Vicente, Molecular markers for
genebank management ,2005.

16. THANK YOU