Dr.P.S.Jagadeesh Kumar School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

1. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2016)
September 25-28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
©IEEE (ICIP 2016)
4563
*Corresponding Author: dr.psjkumar@ntu.edu.sg
Fingerprint Detection and Face Recognition for
Colonization Control of Frontier Defense
P.S.Jagadeesh Kumar1
*
School of Computer Science and Engineering
Nanyang Technological University
Singapore
J.Nedumaan2
, J.Lepika3
, J.Tisa4
Malco Vidyalaya Matriculation
Higher Secondary School
Mettur Dam, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract— The predicament of defense has been an obsession of
torment to any escalating nation. It has been branded that one
dome by which this hindrance can be scuffled is to boast a safe
border where the populace that nomadic of the nation is being
documented and properly scrutinized. In line, to skirmish the
colonization control, the manuscript consequently anticipated a
safe and sound frontier defense using dual countenance check
through Boast Cosseted (BC) scheme. The dual countenance
check exploits fingerprint detection and face recognition in the
boast cosseted scheme as adroit for detection and corroboration
of personnel inimitably. Then, indubitably the intended proposal
purges the likelihood of double registration at the frontier by the
colonizer.
Keywords—- Boast Cosseted Scheme, Dual Countenance Check,
Frontier Defense, Colonization Control, Fingerprint Detection,
Face Recognition
I. FOREWORD
Herein IT ambitious interlude, uniqueness larceny and the
slaughter or depiction of information and allied intellectual
property are growing tribulations. Each and every one has
several financial records and utilizes a number of passwords
on the growing number of system and websites. Sustaining
and supervising admittance despite the fact that shielding
together the user's individuality and the data on the record and
systems has befallen gradually trickier. Vital to all sanctuaries
is the conception of authenticated confirming that the user is
who he admits to be [1]. The quandary of the fingerprint
diploma projected by loads of the instigator is that it can by far
be flouted by the colonist. In view of the reality that only their
fingerprint is obligatory for them to be acknowledged, they
can exercise over one photograph or passport to record with
the migration official, researchers have confirmed that a few
bring into play the passport of demise citizens. This be made
once the photograph of an individual is wanted at a fraction of
the input necessities of the scheme, is integrated physically
with a camera, which give them the chance by a different
personal passport or an entity as a delineation as here is no
facial gratitude to decide it whether is right or not [2].
Moreover, here are populace with disabilities devoid of hands,
which fingerprint recognition will not labor for them as there
is no finger that can be incarcerate, to boast cosseted scheme
those natives countenance can be confined and second-hand to
recognize them. On the other hand, with the BC scheme, it
will be extremely hard for Migratory, have trodden the method
as together the fingerprint and face is mortal confined. Lack of
security is an inexorable and significant concern that wants
vital notice. The striking augment in the global gush of people,
merchandise and belief has bent a new crowd of intimidation.
At hand is widespread felony, such as smuggling, kidnapping,
rivalry, international lapse, illicit exodus, among them. It has
been renowned that the interloper, machinate a method of
whipping security policy installed in a bizarre position at the
border. The biographer afforded BC scheme, which coalesces
to advance, that is fingerprint and face recognition measures
for the practice of colonist data and substantiation at the
frontier, the thought is to perceive how the blemish of one can
composite the other. It also thrills that hard work ought to be
prepared to diminish radical behavior by the government all
the way through apposite approve and equipment constructed
in consign at the borders, i.e. gearing of the intrinsic dispute of
mixing BC proposal. Biometrics are employed for dissimilar
rationale, nevertheless, they are generally a division of either
identification or verification system. The dissimilarity between
these two forms of method can craft a divergence in how
rapidly the method maneuvers and how precise it is as the
volume of a biometric record augments. Corroboration system
inquires to reply the query ―Subsist an individual who they
articulate they are?‖ Underneath a certification method, a
personage in crowd presents himself or herself as an
unambiguous one [3]. The structure ensures ones biometric
along a biometric silhouette that before now subsist in the
record tied to that individual‘s dossier in order to learn an
equivalent. Verification schemes are usually depicted as a one-
to-one toning scheme since the system attempts to bout the
biometric obtained by the person beside an exact biometric
previously on sleeve. In view of the fact that verification
arrangement barely requires to contrast the existing biometric
to a biometric allusion hoarded in the classification, they can
engender consequences further rapidly and are more precise
than identification structures, still when the size of the catalog
enhances. Identification methods are unalike from verification
methods for an identification system seeks to identify an
unfamiliar person, or indefinite biometric. The method strives
to respond the inquiry ―Who is this human being?‖ or ―Who

2. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2016)
September 25-28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
©IEEE (ICIP 2016) 4564
engender this biometric?‖ and have to ensure the biometric
offered beside all others by now on the record. Identification
method is portrayed as a one-to-n identical arrangement,
where n is the entire amount of biometrics in the record.
Forensic records, where a government deeds to distinguish an
underhanded stamp or DNA not needed at a transgression
panorama, habitually maneuver as identification methods.
This paper also checks the parameters of both the fingerprint
and face recognition loom for the progression of identification
and verification inured in seeing how both ways can
harmonize every other‘s in a boundary [4].
II. PROSE APPRAISAL
The scheme strives to stumble on an elucidation to troubles
that are how simple it is to hoodwink the method. This turn
into being momentous as the worth of data breed hasty [5]. It
confers an occasion to be prepared for two types of assails;
(a) Solitude attack when the assailant right to use the
information to which he is not authoritative.
(b) Seditious attack when the invader takes delivery of an
event to maneuver the method.
The archaic drawn on biometric support is fingerprinting.
Thumbprints prepared on clay seals are worded as resources of
distinctive identification as a distant flip side in olden China.
The current biometric affirmation has turned out to be nearly
instant, and is steadily more precise with the initiation of
mechanized record and digitization of analog data. Sebastian
predicted a bi-modal validation display method that replicates
the login of a consumer through its face and its voice [6]. This
expression is called BioLogin. The request rush mutually for
Linux and Windows; the Windows edition is freely accessible
for download. BioLogin is grasped by way of an open source
machine acquaintance annals and its machine hallucination
package [7]. In concert, the face and the speaker verification
methods are based on Gaussian Mixture Models.
Single countenance checks have to emphasize with divers
tribulations such as raucous statistics, intra-class discrepancy,
constrained extent of liberty, spoof assail, and intolerable fault
rates. Preferred of these precincts can be tackled by means of
multimodal method that incorporate the indication offered by
manifold sources of data. Mojtaba, Cristinel and Wamadeva in
2010 argued the different conditions that are probable in
multimodal methods, the echelons of fusion that are plausible
and the assimilation tactics that can be espoused to secure
data. They offered numerous instances of multimodal methods
that have been portrayed in their prose. Le Hoang, Ha Nhat in
2010 projected two-in-one convenient, low price digital signal
processing microcontroller based method for instantaneous
handwritten signature proof and face credit. The method has
two 640 x 480 pixel color cameras, one for face imprisons,
and the other provides handwritten signature scanner. The
facet vector extorts from the geometric silhouette and traits of
an offline signature image are dilapidated for certification. The
face appreciation algorithm is supported on the belief of
principal component analysis to decide the source vector
recognized as EigenFace. The method founded on DSC with
two digital color cameras has been urbanized for face
acknowledgment and offline signature proof. The appreciation
fallouts for face recognition and signature certification are
adequate mutually on the host PC and on the intent entrenched
scheme. They anticipated a manageable low-cost scheme that
employs iris and fingerprint to substantiate business deal
mainly in banking. The patron‘s Automated Teller Machine
card hold iris and fingerprint stencils in accumulation to the
usual pin. The built-up ATM card has the analogous echelon
of its data relaxed defense as the offered ATM cards. Towards
supplying utmost protection, both the iris and fingerprint have
to be legitimate for any deal to scale all the way through. A
low down cost, convenient certification system supported on
both iris and fingerprint has been residing.
Omaima Allaf in 2014 intended and urbanized the two
modal biometrics arrangement that is very proficient not only
for authenticating people distinctively but also for eradicating
any leeway of two time registration. The anticipated structure
comprises what is identified in diligence as Automatic
Biometrics Identification System. Rabia Jafri, Hamid in 2009
employed the face and voice natures of a person from
exposure. HyperBF arrangement is used to combine the
control achieved by five different classifiers serving on the
voice and face feature sets. Ming Hsuan Yang in 2002
expanded an algebraic skeleton stranded on Bayesian statistics
to incorporate the speech and face information of a customer.
The document projected a system they will recognize and
validate persons distinctively and also eliminating any
likelihood of double registration.
III. BOAST COSSESTED SCHEME
A. Conscription of the BC Scheme
The Colonist is built-in to the biometric method. A firm
number of biometric dramatization of a meticulous client is
obtained, preprocessed, malformed into traits, and post
processed, after that used to guide a consumer replica and
adjust if required. The user sculpts beside charlatan donation
may be second-hand to attain a door-sill for that consumer.
The new replica is then hoarded, down the porch for that
consumer if wanted.
B. Fingerprint Aspect Mining
Fractious integer looms was engaged as it was the majorly
used technique of trivia aspect mining. This process digs out
the crest finales and divergences from the outline picture. The
trivia aspects are mined by inspecting the confined locality of
every crest pixel in the icon by a 3x3 casement. The fractious
integer worth is then calculated, which is distinct as partly the
total of the distinctions amid duo of contiguous pixels. Face
detection aspect mining is similar to the Fingerprint aspect
mining, but executes reason, linked to removal of face stencils
from face pictures incarcerated by means of cameras.

3. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2016)
September 25-28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
©IEEE (ICIP 2016) 4565
C. Fingerprint Pattern Testing
For proficient testing process, the mined statistics is hoard
in the matrix arrangement. During the matching process, each
input minutiae point is compared with template minutiae point
considering the above properties. In each case, template and
input minutiae are selected as reference points for their
respective data sets. The reference points are used to convert
the remaining data points to polar coordinates.
D. Face Identification Testing
Finding eigenvalues and analogous eigenvectors of matrix
M x N is computationally intractable even for a reticent size
image. Therefore, will again acquire J eigenvalues and related
J eigenvectors of extent J. These eigenvectors are akin to the
face imagery that's why they are termed as eigenfaces. Every
eigenface has anecdotal implication varying on the enormity
of its eigenvalue. Consequently, it is liberal to opt for a rift J‘
of the J eigenfaces equivalent to J‘ peak valued eigenvalues as
describing the complete guidance face images. This condensed
rift eigenfaces are amassed, beside to the mean face. Compute
power vectors by prognostic training face images onto the
hoarded eigenfaces. The input of a hoarded eigenface to a zero
mean guidance face image can be intended as a scalar power.
Consequently, a power vector of length J‘ whose rudiments
symbolize the degree of contribution of the parallel eigenface
to that zero mean picture is acquired.
IV. DUAL COUNTENANCE CHECK
A. Apex of synthesis
A standard biometric scheme has four significant elements:
(a) The antenna element which confines the characteristic
in the sort of unprocessed biometric facts.
(b) The aspect mining component which practices the data
to wrest a facet set that is a condensed depiction of the
quality.
(c) The identical elements which use a classifier to contrast
the extort facet set with the stencil dwells in the
testimony to reason similar counts.
(d) The choice system which exploits the identical counts
to moreover authorize an alleged person.
In multiple-level biometric system data ceasefire can crop
up in several of the aforesaid elements. The concluding output
of manifold classifiers is strengthened through the scheme;
(a) Synthesis at the information or aspect stage:
The information itself or the facet sets instigated from
multiple antennas/causes are amalgamated.
(b) Synthesis at the bout count stage:
The counts spawned by several classifiers distressing to
diverse modalities are shared.
(c) Synthesis at the choice stage:
The choice stage, which develops the matching reckons
to additionally empower a supposed facade as shown in
Figure 1 to identify the rationale.
B. Methods of Procedure
A multiple-level scheme can labor within the least, one of
three particular modes explicitly:
(i) Sequential approach
In the sequential approach, the yield of one modality is
usually utilized to trim along the numeral of probable identity
prior to ensuing modality is tattered. Consequently, multiple
sources of information do not have to be attained immediately.
Auxiliary, a choice might be prepared prior to obtaining all the
features. This can lessen the general detection, instant.
(ii) Analogous approach
In the analogous approach, the information from many
modalities is second hand instantly in-turn to accomplish
identification.
(iii) Layered approach
In the layered approach, entity classifiers are pooled in a
branch wise arrangement. This approach is pertinent when the
amount of classifiers is outsized. The method uses the layered
approach since the quantity of claimant is very huge whilst
discussing about colonist who will be scheduled in the
boundary. It is significant to remind that the three approaches
pull off as soon as the moment dements on the amount of
multiple traits and number of classifiers.
C. Choice Blending System
The choice blending system is purely predestined on the
two identical overheads. Therefore, for identifying rationale;
cataloging the dual countenance check must contain a yield of
identification as rationale or else the concluding outcome is
not standard.
V. IMPLEMENTATION
The dual countenance check using boast cosseted scheme
has been put into practice by Matlab Simulink environment for
face identification as made known in Figure 2. Verifinger/
Megamatcher algorithm was engaged for fingerprint detection
as exposed in Figure 3 and 4. The elucidation is currently
pedestal on the subsequent discrete components.
A. Conscription Procedure
Prior to a migrant being acknowledged or confirmed by a
biometric device, the conscription procedure must be finished.
The put forward of this conscription procedure is to fashion a
rundown silhouette of the colonist. The progression consists of
the minutiae, which encompass as listed;
(a) A biological statistics confine module that incarcerates
person's name, date of birth, address, and place, etc.
which take alphabetic typescript.
(b) Nationality of the migrant take alphabetic and string
typeset, date of birth takes string nature and the date of
colonist register seizes string nature too.
(c) The place information is bottomed on Nationality, State
in which the migrant is imminent as of, and Continent
of the colonist.

4. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2016)
September 25-28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
©IEEE (ICIP 2016) 4566
The biological statistics confine module that sends down
fingerprints and face descriptions of a registered. Face and
Fingerprints must be detained for every register ahead of
mustering can proceed far afield biological statistics confine
module. Fingerprint testing is ascetically obligatory in the
biological statistics confine module.
The mustering of a register ceases this fragment; if his
information is previously in the record or else listing carry on
to the biological statistics confine module. The elucidation is
put into operation have dynamic, revealing utility to make sure
that the coordination retort only if it sense that a vibrant
register is certainly there at the spot of data possession.
B. Conscription Hoarding
The record has all the particulars of the populace about
who has been enrolled and chucks them with the passport
credential. Whilst there is obliged to inspect enrollee‘s
minutiae or formulate atonement this can by far be made as
the passport naming integer preserve second-hand to delineate
personage‘s niceties and it creates the procedure of
verification lighter and quicker as it salt away era.
In this script, together the fingerprint and face appreciation
algorithms are mutual, such that the inadequacy of one is
accomplished by the other. Consequently, the procedure of
authentication is made by inflating the enrollee‘s passport
naming integer and the enrollee is solicited to surpass the
substantiation practice by the inclusion of their finger on the
scanner and as well the face of the individual is being
employed to authenticate. This is incarcerated and the
commissioner, judge against the dynamic fingerprint confined
and face detained with the one on the record, for verification
rationale.
Both looms calculate its testing count and the presage of
the count from the two advances is evaluated with the
conventional threshold count. If the resulting count from the
testing is better than the threshold count, the system exhibits
―Authenticated‖, and the enrollee‘s passport is put on a show
to prove that the enrollee is truly the individual alleges to be.
But if the ensuing count is less than the conventional
threshold, the system disregards it and displays ―Counterfeit‖.
C. Authentication Stage
This is the stage where the migrants are confirmed to make
persuaded that they are who, they beyond doubt assert to be
across the border. The migrants are impelled to contribute
their fingerprint and face appreciation; it is afterward located
on the fingerprint scanner and face recognition camera. Once
done, then they are evaluated with the one amass in the record
with the assist of fingerprint and face detection algorithms and
the system figures the mean count of the outcome.
CULMINATION
An embryonic fortification fascia in colonization control of
coercion and brutality corporeal on the trudge elevation, delve
through it is notorious that detrimental doing and mayhem are
being relegated by interlopers as a corollary of acquiescent
frontier. In contemplation, Boast Cosseted Scheme rummage
around for wearisome to glimpse how these perform can be
abridged to the slightest, if not completely exterminated. This
manuscript has probed a loom baptized as Dual Countenance
Check; blending fingerprint and face detection to engrave the
records of illegitimate colonist inflating a frontier devoid of
legal credentials, and by means of some devious manners to
the flight being wedged by the contraption that has been laid
down. This is accomplished by endowing a consistent mining
and testing procedure through a mish-mashing of the
fingerprint and face appreciation practices.
The central inspiration in the wake of this is that solitary
method crafts for the deficit of the other, thereby fetching
about a consistent and competent effect. It grants a further
tenable milieu where colonist will not be intellect to wallop
the design with their counterfeit diplomacy if the BC Scheme
draws on in frontier defense.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
It is our supreme gratification in conceding the board and
the supervision of NTU, Singapore and London Metropolitan
University, England in elevating this libretto. We bestow this
article to the fatalities of Paris Attack on 13th
day of November
2015 and plead for their soul to reprieve in serenity.
REFERENCES
[1] Mojtaba, Cristinel, Wamadeva, ―Vitality Detection in Fingerprint
Identification,‖ WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and
Applications, Volume 7, Issue 4, April 2010, pp. 498–507.
[2] Le Hoang Thai, Ha Nhat, ―Fingerprint Recognition Using Standardized
Fingerprint Model‖, International Journal of Computer Science Issues,
Vol. 7, Issue 3, No 7, May 2010, pp.11–17.
[3] Raffaele Cappelli, Alessandra Lumini, Dario Maio, ―Fingerprint Image
Reconstruction from Standard Templates,‖ IEEE Transaction on Pattern
Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 29, No. 9, September 2007, pp.
1489-1503.
[4] Rabia Jafri, Hamid, ―A Survey of Face Recognition Technique,‖ Journal
of Information Processing Systems, Vol.5, No.2, June 2009, pp.41-66.
[5] Omaima Allaf, ―Review of Face Detection Systems based Artificial
Neural Networks Algorithms,‖ The International Journal of Multimedia
& its Applications, Vol.6, No.1, February ‗2014. pp.1-16.
[6] Faizan Ahmad, Aaima Najam and Zeeshan Ahmed, ―Image-based Face
Detection and Recognition: State of the Art,‖ International Journal of
Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, Issue 6, No 1, November 2012, pp.
169–172.
[7] Ming-Hsuan Yang, ―Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey‖, IEEE
Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 24,
No.1, January 2002, pp.34-57.

5. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2016)
September 25-28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
©IEEE (ICIP 2016) 4567
Fingerprint
Pattern
Cohort
Fingerprint
Testing
Pre-
Processing
Aspect
Mining
Doubt
Finger
Sensor
Face
Pattern
Cohort
Face
Testing
Pre-
Processing
Aspect
Mining
Guide
Doubt
Face
Camera
Rationale
Choice
Blending
System
Figure 1. Boast Cosseted Scheme with Dual Countenance Check for Colonization Control
Figure 2. Face Identification using BC Scheme

6. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2016)
September 25-28, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona
©IEEE (ICIP 2016) 4568
Figure 3. Fingerprint Aspect Mining using BC Scheme
Figure 4. Fingerprint Pattern Testing using BC Scheme