The document discusses the financial viability of Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) road projects in India. It provides background on public-private partnerships and the BOT model for financing infrastructure projects. A case study is presented analyzing the financials of a hypothetical 6km BOT road project using tools like net present value, internal rate of return, payback period, and modified internal rate of return. The analysis shows projections for traffic volume, toll fee schedules, and calculates the project's cash flows and internal rate of return of 15%.
To assess the risks involved in BOT PROJECT by studying a specific case of Implementation of
integrated road development program me(IRDP) in the city on built, operate & transport (BOT) basis. To Study
the individualistic approach of the involved parties.
BOT has been one of the recent innovations in project finance. The Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) scheme is a
limited recourse financing technique. Many have adopted this approach as an alternative to traditional public
financing for infrastructure development projects.
This study examines the type of SOCIAL risk due to, force shutdown of toll booths due to public riots .This paper
mainly representing therisk inBOT due to political & public pressure. A case study of IRDP project
implemented in municipal corporation area through BOT is studied in detail
To assess the risks involved in BOT PROJECT by studying a specific case of Implementation of
integrated road development program me(IRDP) in the city on built, operate & transport (BOT) basis. To Study
the individualistic approach of the involved parties.
BOT has been one of the recent innovations in project finance. The Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) scheme is a
limited recourse financing technique. Many have adopted this approach as an alternative to traditional public
financing for infrastructure development projects.
This study examines the type of SOCIAL risk due to, force shutdown of toll booths due to public riots .This paper
mainly representing therisk inBOT due to political & public pressure. A case study of IRDP project
implemented in municipal corporation area through BOT is studied in detail
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Infrastructure is the back bone of economic development of any Nation. Road infrastructure plays key role for trade and commerce, connecting the production and consumption centers. Road and transportation infrastructure construction is highly capital intensive, wherein the government alone cannot meet its ends and initiated Public Private Partnership (PPP) for its execution right from planning and designing to its maintenance through various PPP models. Over the last few years many of the awarded roadprojects through PPP modelare stalled citing various reasons. This technical paper analyses the risk factors associated with PPP –toll operated road projects through case studies and suggested corrective measures like shadow tolling and hybrid models for restoration of PPP.
The main focus of this ppt is in Highway Financing Project- Public Private Partnership & Engineering, Procurement, Construction project. The Failure of PPP & Introduction of EPC.
Public Private Partnerships (Ppp) And Affordable Housing By David HoickaDavid Hoicka
Public Private Partnerships (PPP) and Affordable Housing by David Hoicka. Review of PPP as a £60 billion, $90 billion industry and its application to Affordable Housing
Nhdp get the fact - itp India - HighwaysArnaud Renard
National Highways Development Project: Get The Fact is the 3th edition of India Transport Portal.
How the highway construction pace has changed over last few years? Where do we stand?
Bangalore International Airport Limited (BIAL) is a Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) model. • The first phase of the airport consist of a 4000-metre long runway, taxiways and an apron area with aircraft stands and a terminal building. • The concession agreement between the Government of India and BIAL was signed in July 2004 and the airport became operational in May 2008. • Private promoters hold 74% stake in BIAL while the state holds the remaining 26%
The Middle East has allocated nearly $250bn to various railway projects over the next 10 years with ambitious plan to build around 67,000km of railway tracks throughout the region. The region has the opportunity to build the world’s most advanced passenger and freight transport systems. The presentation touches on all aspects of railway development and strategies in the region including different Public private Partnership (PPP) models and financing / funding advice to better develop rail projects as a sustainable means of transport.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Infrastructure is the back bone of economic development of any Nation. Road infrastructure plays key role for trade and commerce, connecting the production and consumption centers. Road and transportation infrastructure construction is highly capital intensive, wherein the government alone cannot meet its ends and initiated Public Private Partnership (PPP) for its execution right from planning and designing to its maintenance through various PPP models. Over the last few years many of the awarded roadprojects through PPP modelare stalled citing various reasons. This technical paper analyses the risk factors associated with PPP –toll operated road projects through case studies and suggested corrective measures like shadow tolling and hybrid models for restoration of PPP.
The main focus of this ppt is in Highway Financing Project- Public Private Partnership & Engineering, Procurement, Construction project. The Failure of PPP & Introduction of EPC.
Public Private Partnerships (Ppp) And Affordable Housing By David HoickaDavid Hoicka
Public Private Partnerships (PPP) and Affordable Housing by David Hoicka. Review of PPP as a £60 billion, $90 billion industry and its application to Affordable Housing
Nhdp get the fact - itp India - HighwaysArnaud Renard
National Highways Development Project: Get The Fact is the 3th edition of India Transport Portal.
How the highway construction pace has changed over last few years? Where do we stand?
Bangalore International Airport Limited (BIAL) is a Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) model. • The first phase of the airport consist of a 4000-metre long runway, taxiways and an apron area with aircraft stands and a terminal building. • The concession agreement between the Government of India and BIAL was signed in July 2004 and the airport became operational in May 2008. • Private promoters hold 74% stake in BIAL while the state holds the remaining 26%
The Middle East has allocated nearly $250bn to various railway projects over the next 10 years with ambitious plan to build around 67,000km of railway tracks throughout the region. The region has the opportunity to build the world’s most advanced passenger and freight transport systems. The presentation touches on all aspects of railway development and strategies in the region including different Public private Partnership (PPP) models and financing / funding advice to better develop rail projects as a sustainable means of transport.
OPTIMUM USE OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS IMPROVES SOIL PROPERTIES IAEME Publication
Soil being the cheapest and readily available construction material has been popular, even though it suffers from being poor in mechanical properties. It has been the constant endeavor of research workers to put forth innovative ideas to improve its mechanical properties to suit the requirements of engineering structures, Vidal in 1968 postulated the new oriented concept of reinforced earth technique. Reinforced earth is a construction material composed of soil fill, strengthened by inclusion of rods, bars, fibers or nets that interact with the soil by means of frictional resistance and act as a coherent mass. It is used in a variety of applications such as retaining structures, embankment, stabilization of subgrade and improvement of soil beneath pavements and footings. Fiber reinforcement technique permits use of natural as well as synthetic fibers for soil reinforcement. In Maharashtra black cotton soil is found in abundance which is highly expansive soil. In present study an attempt has been made to investigate the use of polypropylene fibers for improving properties of locally available soil. The comparison of properties of soil with addition of varying percentages of fibers by dry weight of soil and having different aspect ratios is also carried out. The addition of polypropylene fibers resulted in increase in optimum moisture content and decrease in maximum dry density. Direct shear tests conducted on soil shows increase in value of cohesion and decrease in value of angle of internal friction. With the inclusion of the fibers increase in C. B. R. value and unconfined compressive strength is observed.
In the present paper a series of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests has been performed in
both soaked and unsoaked condition on field samples collected from road subgrade. Four rural
roads in West Bengal, India have been considered for collection of field CBR sample. From the
experimental data it is found that with time the values of CBR in soaked and unsoaked condition
increases irrespective of types of road subgrade. Based on the present experimental data a
nonlinear power model has been developed to predict field soaked CBR value with time (CBRfst), in
terms of field soaked CBR value at 0 days (CBRfs0 ) and time ‘t’.
UTILIZATION OF RICE HUSK ASH AS A POZZOLAN IN SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE IAEME Publication
The utilization of industrial and agricultural waste can be used as a pozzolanic material in Self-consolidating concrete, as the name a concrete that completely fills the formwork under its own weight without using compaction vibrator by maintaining the homogeneity of concrete. Self-compacting concrete is to resist deformability and segregation in concrete. Deformability known as flow ability is the ability of self-compacting concrete to deform under its own weight without any obstructions. On the other hand segregation resistance is the ability to maintain the homogeneous matrix in between concrete while casting concrete.
The study explores the use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) to increase the amount of fines and hence achieve self-compact ability in an economical way. The pozzolan used in this research was rice husk under the ASTM standard C618 (Class N). The study focuses on comparison of fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete containing varying amount of 0%, 5% and 10% RHA with dosage of viscosity modifying agent of 2% to 4.5% as an admixture. The comparison is done at different dosages of super-plasticizer keeping cement, water, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate contents constant.
The fresh properties of SCC for flow spread shows that by increasing the amount of RHA the spread decreases. The V-funnel at T=5 min showed that increase in RHA and decrease in super plasticizer high, segregation is resisted at higher content of RHA. Beside this the 10% rice husk ash at 4% super plasticizer proved the higher compressive strength as compared to other mixes. The study concluded that the SCC produced utilizing RHA is more durable than the similar concrete utilizing commercially available admixture.
La oferta y la demanda de un determinado servicio o producto determinan su precio, su producción y los volúmenes de venta. El precio es, en teoría, inversamente proporcional a la oferta y directamente proporcional a la demanda.
Public Private Partnership in Civil Engineeringvivatechijri
This report majorly focuses on the principles of Public Private Partnership (PPP), its different forms and their suitability as a possible procurement route to be used for the development of road sector in a developing country like India. The report also critically analyse the viability of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) and basic procurement routes for road projects. The report recommends the most suitable types of PPP for the new and maintenance project.
The paper on real estate development is based on cost analysis and revenue generation of United World Trade Centre, Tripureshwor under land-lease agreement with T.U., Nepal
Study on Public-Private Partnerships with Reference to Indian Infrastructural...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Quantity Surveyor’s Impact: A Panacea to achieving Critical Success Factors i...inventionjournals
Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) is an innovative infrastructure procurement system aimed at providing unique opportunities in the development and funding of public infrastructure facilities.The procurement system ranges from simple contracting of services to the involvement of private sector in financing, design, construction, operation and maintenance of infrastructure. However, organising PPP is not an easy task due to its complexity and long term contractual obligagtions that requires the involvement of stakeholders and professionals for its successful implementation. Procurement procedure under PPP is very complicated and more costly and time consuming than the traditional procurement approach. Therefore the need to address the roles of the Quantity Surveyor in providing the total cost and procurement management has been recognized and become necessary in developing effiecient and effective sustainable PPP projects. Although many studies show that there has been no comprehensive study on the roles of the Quantity Surveyor in PPP concession projects which therefore indicate a knowledge gap in this particular area of the study. Hence, the aim of this paper is to explore the roles of professional Quantity Surveyor in achieving the critical success factors (CSF)for PPPconcession projects. Findings in the study have shown that Quantity Surveyor has a great role to play in achieving the Critical Success Factors (CSF) for PPP concession projects in the areas of:detailed feasibility study; compititive financial proposal; effective procurement management; preliminary qualification evaluation & tendering phase; solid revenue & cost estimate; proper partner’s selection criteria; and solid financial packaging. Findings from the study further revealed that the PPP contractual arrangement offers the primary role of a professional Quantity Surveyor within the PPP concept leading to the selection of the right concessionaire through: request for expression of interest, qualifications, proposals; negotiation with preferred bidders; and evaluation methods & criteria and also in the performance evaluation of the entire development and delivery process within the project objectives.
A Basic guide to Infrastructure Business and Financing in India by Netz Capit...atulpkhekade
A Basic Guide to infrastructure business development investment and financing in India by netz capital advisors. Netz Capital provides services such as corporate finance, project finance, real estate finance, manufacturing finance, hospitality finance, aircraft finance, expansion capital, expansion finance and working capital.
A Basic Guide to infrastructure business development investment and financing...atulpkhekade
A Basic Guide to infrastructure business development investment and financing in India by netz capital advisors. Netz Capital provides services such as corporate finance, project finance, real estate finance, manufacturing finance, hospitality finance, aircraft finance, expansion capital, expansion finance and working capital.
Similar to FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF BOT ROAD PROJECTS IN INDIA (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
2. Financial Viability of Bot Road Projects In India
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 383 editor@iaeme.com
to the material parts of transport and open utility systems, similar to gas, water and power. At this
point, the term has augmented to grasp all parts of open administrations, oversaw by both the
general population and private area1.
1.1. SCENARIO OF INDIAN INFRASTRUCTURE
India has emerged as the largest PPP market in the world with over 900 projects in various stages
of improvement as per the recent budget. PPPs have delivered some of the iconic infrastructure like
airports, ports and highways which are seen as models for expansion globally. An institution to
provide support to mainstreaming PPPs called 3P India will be set up with a corpus of 500 crores
shortly2
.
Figure 1 Sector wise PPP projects in India
2. PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
An open private organization can be depicted as a co-operation between the general population and
the private segment, in which the administration and the private segment do a project together on
the premise of a concurred division of undertakings and dangers, every gathering holding its own
particular personality and obligations. The enthusiasm for PPPs is developing, prominently because
of the development in the interest for infrastructure, restricted open assets to meet present and
future needs and acknowledgment for the private segment in the procurement of infrastructure. The
basic guideline behind PPPs is that, in spite of the fact maybe that general society area ought to be
in charge of the conveyance of a specific administration, it doesn't need to be in charge of really
giving the administration or to undertaking the venture themselves. Along these lines, all on-screen
characters of an open private association can focus on doing what they are prone to do best. Real
open infrastructural projects have dependably been embraced by the private segment under
contract. The significant contrast between this ordinary acquirement model and open private
organizations is the way that the private area can be viewed as an undeniable player.
Public private partnerships can take many forms, from simple commercialization to full
privatization, but in general PPP's can be considered as long term agreements between the public
and the private sector to provide and operate transport infrastructure and / or service3
.
PPP arrangements display three essential characteristics:
53
20
8
7
7
2
1 1
1
Sales
Roads Urban development
Ports Power
Tourism Education
Health care Airports
Railways
3. T. Ravi Teja and B.G.Rahul
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 384 editor@iaeme.com
• A significant level of responsibility and risk that is transferred from the public sector to the private
sector.
• Contractual arrangements are built around performance-based outcomes, rather than work
specifications.
• Long-term contractual arrangements.
• The financing of public infrastructure development off-the-book of governments, which might
include tapping into new sources of project revenues to secure project financing.
• The imposition of real tolls or other fees to finance the project
3. BUILD OPERATE AND TRANSFER FINANCIAL MODEL
Starting late, a creating design ascended among governments in various countries to demand
wanders for open projects from the private fragment. With BOT, the private portion plots,
supports, creates and works the workplace and at last, after a predefined concession period, the
ownership is traded to the organization. Along these lines, BOT can be seen as a making strategy
for infrastructure projects by using private movement and financing. Such infrastructure projects
fuse a wide bunch of open workplaces with the fundamental ability to serve open needs, to give
social organizations and development monetary activity in the private territory. The most broadly
perceived delineations are avenues, platforms, water and sewer systems, plane terminals, ports and
open structures4
.
3.1. DEFINITION
Build Operate Transfer is a major startup business venture where private organizations undertake
expansion and operation of a facility normally done by the government. The execution of the
private sector involvement occurs at the return of the ownership of the facility to the government
after a fixed concession period, usually 25 to 40 years.
4. SOURCES OF FINANCING
A Public Private Partnership project will include financing from different sources, in some blend of
value and obligation. The proportions of these diverse commitments will rely on upon
arrangements between the moneylenders and the shareholders. This segment takes a gander at the
principle wellsprings of financing and the assention in the financing bewilder that represents the
relationship between the distinctive speculators, the bury loan boss understanding5.
• Equity contributions
• Debt contributions
• Bank guarantees/ letter of credit/ performance guarantees
• Bond/ capital markets financing
• Mezzanine/ subordinated contributions
• Inter creditor agreement
4.1. PARAMETERS REQUIRED IN FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF BOT PROEJCTS
• Financial Closure
• Wholesale Price Index (WPI)
• Cash flow
• Discount rate
4. Financial Viability of Bot Road Projects In India
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 385 editor@iaeme.com
• Reinvestment rate
• Escrow account
5. CASE STUDY
This deals with a case study which has been adopted to understand the financial evaluation of a
BOT road project using various tools which are discussed subsequently, shown in Tables.1,2,3,4,5.
Table 1 Details of the case study
Contract Price 640 Crores
Year Of Commencement 2015
Year Of Completion 2018
Concession Period 30 Years
End Of Concession Period 2044
Length Of Road 6 Km
Table 2 Traffic volume projection
Traffic Volume Projection
Total Car Bus LGV Truck MAV
35 7.7 4.9 3.85 10.15 8.4
36.75 8.085 5.145 4.0425 10.6575 8.82
38.5875 8.48925 5.40225 4.244625 11.19038 9.261
40.51688 8.913713 5.672363 4.456856 11.74989 9.72405
42.54272 9.359398 5.955981 4.679699 12.33739 10.21025
44.66985 9.827368 6.25378 4.913684 12.95426 10.72077
46.90335 10.31874 6.566496 5.159368 13.60197 11.2568
49.24851 10.83467 6.894792 5.417337 14.28207 11.81964
51.71094 11.37641 7.239523 5.688203 14099617 12.41063
54.29649 11.94523 7.601508 5.972614 15.74598 13.03116
57.01131 12.54249 7.981584 6.271244 16.53328 13.68271
59.86188 13.16961 8.380663 6.584807 17.35994 14.36685
62.85497 13.82809 8.799696 6.914047 18.22794 15.08519
65.99772 14.5195 9.239681 7.259749 19.13934 15.83945
69.29761 15.24547 10.18675 7.622737 20.09631 16.63143
72.76249 16.00775 10.69609 8.003873 21.10112 17.463
76.40061 16.80813 11.23089 8.404067 22.12618 18.33615
80.22064 17.64854 11.79243 8.824271 23.26399 19.25295
84.23167 18.53097 12.36206 9.265484 24.42719 20.156
88.44326 19.45752 12.38206 9.728758 25.64854 21.22638
92.86542 20.43039 13.00116 10.2152 26.93097 22.2877
97.50869 21.45191 13.65122 10.72596 28.27752 23.40209
102.3841 22.52451 14.33378 11.26225 29.6914 24.57219
107.5033 23.65073 15.05047 11.82537 31.17597 25.8008
112.8785 24.83327 15.80299 12.41663 32.73476 27.09084
118.5224 26.07493 16.59314 13.03747 34.3715 28.44538
124.4485 27.37868 17.4228 13.68934 36.09008 29.86765
7. T. Ravi Teja and B.G.Rahul
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 388 editor@iaeme.com
SCHEDULE OF USER FEES
TRAFFIC VOLUME in
lakhs
CASH INFLOW
Car, jeep,
van
Bus LGV Truck MAV Total Car Bus LGV Truck MAV CAR BUS LGV TRUCK MAV
Total cash inflow(in
lakhs)
Cumulative inflow
13 2030 62.95425292 125.909 176.272 302.18 352.5438164 62.855 13.8281 8.7997 6.91405 18.2279 15.0852 870.537 1107.96 1218.75 5508.13 5318.1916 14023.56465 95535.24113
14 2031 67.99059315 135.981 190.374 326.355 380.7473217 65.9977 14.5195 9.23968 7.25975 19.1393 15.8395 987.189 1256.42 1382.07 6246.22 6030.8292 15902.72231 111437.9634
15 2032 73.42984061 146.86 205.604 352.463 411.2071074 69.2976 15.2455 9.70166 7.62274 20.0963 16.6314 1119.47 1424.78 1567.26 7083.21 6838.9603 18033.6871 129471.6505
16 2033 79.30422785 158.608 222.052 380.66 444.103676 72.7625 16.0077 10.1867 8.00387 21.1011 17.463 1269.48 1615.7 1777.27 8032.36 7755.381 20450.20117 149921.8517
17 2034 85.64856608 171.297 239.816 411.113 479.6319701 76.4006 16.8081 10.6961 8.40407 22.1562 18.3361 1439.59 1832.21 2015.43 9108.7 8794.6021 23190.52813 173112.3798
18 2035 92.50045137 185.001 259.001 444.002 518.0025277 80.2206 17.6485 11.2309 8.82427 23.264 19.253 1632.5 2077.72 2285.5 10329.3 9973.0788 26298.0589 199410.4387
19 2036 99.90048748 199.801 279.721 479.522 559.4427299 84.2317 18.531 11.7924 9.26548 24.4272 20.2156 1851.25 2356.14 2591.75 11713.4 11309.471 29821.99879 229232.4375
20 2037 107.8925265 215.785 302.099 517.884 604.1981483 88.4433 19.4575 12.3821 9.72876 25.6485 21.2264 2099.32 2671.86 2939.05 13283 12824.94 33818.14663 263050.5842
21 2038 116.5239286 233.048 326.267 559.315 652.5340001 92.8654 20.4304 13.0012 10.2152 26.931 22.2877 2380.63 3029.89 3332.88 15062.9 14543.483 38349.77828 301400.3624
22 2039 125.8458429 251.692 352.368 604.06 704.7367202 97.5087 21.4519 13.6512 10.726 28.2775 23.4021 2699.63 3435.9 3779.49 17081.3 16492.309 43488.64857 344889.011
23 2040 135.9135103 271.827 380.558 652.385 761.1156578 102.384 22.5245 14.3338 11.2623 29.6914 24.5722 3061.38 3896.31 4285.94 19370.2 18702.279 49316.12747 394205.1385
24 2041 146.7865911 293.573 411.002 704.576 822.0049104 107.503 23.6507 15.0505 11.8254 31.176 25.8008 3471.61 4418.41 4860.25 21965.8 21208.384 55924.48856 450129.627
25 2042 158.5295184 317.059 443.883 760.942 887.7653032 112.878 24.8333 15.803 12.4166 32.7348 27.0908 3936.81 5010.48 5511.53 24909.2 24050.307 63418.37002 513547.997
26 2043 171.2118799 342.424 479.393 821.817 958.7865275 118.522 26.0749 16.5931 13.0375 34.3715 28.4454 4464.34 5681.89 6250.07 28247.1 27273.049 71916.4316 585464.4287
27 2044 184.9088303 369.818 517.745 887.562 1035.48945 124.449 27.3787 17.4228 13.6893 36.0901 29.8677 5062.56 6443.26 7087.58 32032.2 30927.637 81553.23344 667017.6621
5.1. DETAILS OF THE CASE STUDY
The case of a BOT road project has been adopted. The details of the case are given below. The user
fee for the BOT road project is assumed to increase by 8% every year from 2018. The initial user
fee (first year) amount was taken according to the NHAI norms. The projections are as follows:
5.2. NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV)
In finance, the net present value (NPV) or net present worth (NPW) is defined as the sum of the
present values (PVs) of incoming and outgoing cash flows over a period of time. Incoming and
outgoing cash flows can also be described as benefit and cost cash flows, respectively.
5.3. INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)
The syntax for IRR on Excel is =IRR (values, [guess])
The IRR function syntax has the following arguments:
• Values Required. An array or a reference to cells that contain numbers for which you want to
calculate the internal rate of return.
• Guess Optional. A number that you guess is close to the result of IRR.
• The IRR hence calculated is found to be 15%.
5.4. PAYBACK AND DISCOUNTED PAYBACK
In capital budgeting refers to the period of time required to recoup the funds expended in an
investment, or to reach the break-even point. The time value of money is not taken into account.
8. Financial Viability of Bot Road Projects In India
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 389 editor@iaeme.com
Payback period intuitively measures how long something takes to "pay for itself." All else being
equal, shorter payback periods are preferable to longer payback periods. The discounted payback
period is the amount of time that it takes to cover the cost of a project, by adding positive
discounted cash flow coming from the profits of the project. The advantage of using the
discounted payback period over the payback period is that it takes into account time value of
money6.
5.5. MODIFIED INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (MIRR)
While the internal rate of return (IRR) assumes the cash flows from a project are reinvested at the
IRR, the modified IRR assumes that positive cash flows are reinvested at the film’s cost of capital,
and the initial outlays are financed at the firm’s financing cost. Therefore MIRR more accurately
reflects the cost and profitability of a project[6].
• Values must contain at least one positive value and one negative value to calculate the modified
internal rate of return.
• Finance_rate Required. The interest rate you pay on the money used in the cash flows which is
assumed as 7.6% in this Case.
• Reinvest_rate Required. The interest rate you receive on the cash flows as you reinvest them is
assumed as 15% in this case.
The MIRR thus calculated is 15%
6. CONCLUSION
The financial viability of the BOT road project is thus determined by various tools. The following
results were obtained
RESULTS OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Net present value >0 Project is accepted
IRR 15%
Payback period May 2016
Discounted payback period September 2020
MIRR 15%
REFERENCES
[1] Chakraborty S S, Krishna M. Highway privatization financing strategies and policy issues.
Procedings Seminar on PrivateParticipation in High way level. Indian Roads Congress,
NewDelhi. 1995; 2, 25-39.
[2] Dias A, Ioannou P G. Debt capacity and optimal capital structure for privately financed
infrastructure projects. J.Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt. 1995; 121(4), 404–414.
[3] Dias A, Ioannou P G. Company and project evaluation model for privately promoted
infrastructure projects. J.Constr.Hertz. 1996; 42(1), 90–106.
[4] Lam W H K, Tam M L. Risk analysis of traffic and revenue forecasts for road investment
projects. J. Infrastruct. Sys. 1998; 4(1), 19–27.
[5] Malini E. Evaluation of policy parameters, uncertainties and risks in build, operate and transfer
(BOT) projects for transport infrastructure development, PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore, India 1996.
[6] Malini, E. Evaluation of financial viability of BOT transports infrastructure projects. J. Indian
Rd. Congr. 1997; 58(1), 87–123.