The document summarizes a study on improving the energy efficiency of a dwelling home called "Cloonbeg" in Cork, Ireland. Three software packages (RETscreen, DEAP, and SBEM) were used to model the home's base case energy usage and a proposed case with upgrades like increased attic and wall insulation, a more efficient boiler and heating controls, and solar panels. The results found a close correlation between packages and that the proposed upgrades could reduce the home's primary energy demand from 262.72 kWh/m2/yr to 144.46 kWh/m2/yr, saving 118.26 kWh/m2/yr and 27.11 kgCO2/m2/yr in emissions
Zak Patten - Presentation - Passive House PresentationZak Patten, M.Sc.
This document discusses various aspects of embodied energy, carbon emissions, and toxicity considerations for materials used in passive houses. It summarizes a study that found embodied energy accounts for 40% of the total life cycle energy demand of a passive house, with operational energy at 33% and transport energy at 27%. The document also notes that material choices have a significant impact on embodied energy and carbon emissions. It advocates accounting for these factors in building design and material selection.
This document summarizes a 200 house development in Killeagh, Co. Cork that aims to be low energy and low carbon. Key points:
1) The development will feature highly insulated and airtight construction, with solar panels and a heat recovery ventilation system to reduce energy demands. Wood pellet boilers will provide backup heating.
2) Calculations show the design will save over 95% of CO2 emissions compared to standard homes.
3) The developer sought a design not reliant on oil or gas to future-proof against price fluctuations. The integrated systems aim to provide comfortable, low-cost heating and hot water.
This document discusses a case study of a deep energy retrofit of a 13-story multifamily residential building in Vancouver, BC. It describes the existing building's poor energy performance and enclosure issues. A comprehensive building enclosure renewal was performed, including exterior wall insulation, new triple-glazed windows, roof and air sealing upgrades. This improved the overall enclosure R-value from R-2.8 to R-9.1. Measured energy savings from the retrofit were 19% total energy, 33% electricity, and reductions in electric baseboard heating and gas fireplace usage. Benchmarking showed the building's energy use intensity decreased from 71 to 56 kBTU/sqft per year, improving its performance significantly.
Berken Energy has developed patent-pending thermoelectric generation technology that can generate electricity from waste heat. Their technology opens up new opportunities for power generation from sources like geothermal and industrial waste heat. Initial production is underway and demonstration projects are planned with partners in 2013. The technology offers lower installation costs than alternatives and has the potential for significant power generation from wasted heat sources. Berken is seeking funding to expand manufacturing and fulfill project orders as their technology moves towards commercial deployment.
Energy and Indoor Air Quality Impacts of DOAS Retrofits in Small Commercial B...RDH Building Science
Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) typically accounts for 30% to 50% of commercial building energy use. Small commercial buildings often use oversized and inefficient rooftop air handling units (RTUs) to provide both air conditioning and ventilation. A conversion strategy to reduce energy
consumption is the installation of a very high efficiency dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) to provide ventilation with a separate heat pump system to provide heating and cooling. Decoupling the heating and cooling from ventilation allows for improved energy efficiency and control of space conditions. Upgrades to mechanical systems can also improve the indoor air quality (IAQ) and comfort through control of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, dry bulb temperature, and relative humidity (RH).
A pilot study of eight buildings was conducted to investigate the potential benefits of replacing existing RTUs with high efficiency heat recovery ventilators (HRVs) and air source heat pumps in the Pacific Northwest. This report contains results for a subset of seven buildings for which data is available. The
building energy use before and after the conversion was determined using utility data, energy modeling and monitoring. Indoor environmental conditions were measured at hourly intervals for up to one year postconversion using CO2, temperature, and RH sensors. The data was analyzed to determine changes in energy use and IAQ before and after the conversion.
This paper presents the pilot building results pre- and post-conversion. While several factors need to be in place to ensure optimal performance and cost effectiveness, the pilot shows that replacing RTUs with DOAS systems in existing commercial buildings can both reduce energy use as well as improve indoor environmental conditions. This conversion type is viable for a wide variety of building types and scale-up of the retrofits has the potential to significantly improve a previously underserved segment of the building stock.
Presented by James Montgomery at the 15th Canadian Conference on Building Science and Technology.
A look at Net-zero design through several Maclay Architects case studies. Examine how creativity and innovation in energy design invigorate the evolution of architectural traditions in New England. Project examples offer a diversity of aesthetic responses in high performance commercial and institutional buildings, including how design, practices, and processes are incorporated into regional traditions and ecologically-driven design solutions.
Zak Patten - Presentation - Passive House PresentationZak Patten, M.Sc.
This document discusses various aspects of embodied energy, carbon emissions, and toxicity considerations for materials used in passive houses. It summarizes a study that found embodied energy accounts for 40% of the total life cycle energy demand of a passive house, with operational energy at 33% and transport energy at 27%. The document also notes that material choices have a significant impact on embodied energy and carbon emissions. It advocates accounting for these factors in building design and material selection.
This document summarizes a 200 house development in Killeagh, Co. Cork that aims to be low energy and low carbon. Key points:
1) The development will feature highly insulated and airtight construction, with solar panels and a heat recovery ventilation system to reduce energy demands. Wood pellet boilers will provide backup heating.
2) Calculations show the design will save over 95% of CO2 emissions compared to standard homes.
3) The developer sought a design not reliant on oil or gas to future-proof against price fluctuations. The integrated systems aim to provide comfortable, low-cost heating and hot water.
This document discusses a case study of a deep energy retrofit of a 13-story multifamily residential building in Vancouver, BC. It describes the existing building's poor energy performance and enclosure issues. A comprehensive building enclosure renewal was performed, including exterior wall insulation, new triple-glazed windows, roof and air sealing upgrades. This improved the overall enclosure R-value from R-2.8 to R-9.1. Measured energy savings from the retrofit were 19% total energy, 33% electricity, and reductions in electric baseboard heating and gas fireplace usage. Benchmarking showed the building's energy use intensity decreased from 71 to 56 kBTU/sqft per year, improving its performance significantly.
Berken Energy has developed patent-pending thermoelectric generation technology that can generate electricity from waste heat. Their technology opens up new opportunities for power generation from sources like geothermal and industrial waste heat. Initial production is underway and demonstration projects are planned with partners in 2013. The technology offers lower installation costs than alternatives and has the potential for significant power generation from wasted heat sources. Berken is seeking funding to expand manufacturing and fulfill project orders as their technology moves towards commercial deployment.
Energy and Indoor Air Quality Impacts of DOAS Retrofits in Small Commercial B...RDH Building Science
Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) typically accounts for 30% to 50% of commercial building energy use. Small commercial buildings often use oversized and inefficient rooftop air handling units (RTUs) to provide both air conditioning and ventilation. A conversion strategy to reduce energy
consumption is the installation of a very high efficiency dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) to provide ventilation with a separate heat pump system to provide heating and cooling. Decoupling the heating and cooling from ventilation allows for improved energy efficiency and control of space conditions. Upgrades to mechanical systems can also improve the indoor air quality (IAQ) and comfort through control of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, dry bulb temperature, and relative humidity (RH).
A pilot study of eight buildings was conducted to investigate the potential benefits of replacing existing RTUs with high efficiency heat recovery ventilators (HRVs) and air source heat pumps in the Pacific Northwest. This report contains results for a subset of seven buildings for which data is available. The
building energy use before and after the conversion was determined using utility data, energy modeling and monitoring. Indoor environmental conditions were measured at hourly intervals for up to one year postconversion using CO2, temperature, and RH sensors. The data was analyzed to determine changes in energy use and IAQ before and after the conversion.
This paper presents the pilot building results pre- and post-conversion. While several factors need to be in place to ensure optimal performance and cost effectiveness, the pilot shows that replacing RTUs with DOAS systems in existing commercial buildings can both reduce energy use as well as improve indoor environmental conditions. This conversion type is viable for a wide variety of building types and scale-up of the retrofits has the potential to significantly improve a previously underserved segment of the building stock.
Presented by James Montgomery at the 15th Canadian Conference on Building Science and Technology.
A look at Net-zero design through several Maclay Architects case studies. Examine how creativity and innovation in energy design invigorate the evolution of architectural traditions in New England. Project examples offer a diversity of aesthetic responses in high performance commercial and institutional buildings, including how design, practices, and processes are incorporated into regional traditions and ecologically-driven design solutions.
This document summarizes current and future energy initiatives at various North Carolina military installations aimed at achieving net zero energy use, including efficiency upgrades, renewable energy generation, and reducing fossil fuel consumption. It outlines initiatives at Fort Bragg, MCAS Cherry Point, MCAS Beaufort, the North Carolina National Guard, and Seymour Johnson AFB relating to lighting, HVAC, solar power, and more. Future needs focus on additional audits, retrofits, and developing renewable energy projects.
- The document discusses the HeatPod project, a whole-house retrofit by Penwith Housing Association to dramatically reduce the carbon emissions and energy use of an existing home.
- The retrofit included external wall insulation, triple glazed windows, an energy efficient heat recovery ventilation system and a ground-source heat pump installed in a conservatory addition called a "HeatPod".
- Initial results showed the home's carbon emissions reduced to around 17kg CO2/m2/year and space heating has not been needed so far, with the internal temperature maintained at 18 degrees Celsius using just the heat pump system.
This document is a thesis that documents the design process of the First Light house, a home designed by a New Zealand team for the 2011 Solar Decathlon competition in Washington DC. The thesis discusses the design of the house with a focus on passive strategies to reduce energy use, including optimizing insulation, thermal mass, glazing, shading and ventilation. It also covers the active systems for energy generation and mechanical systems. The performance of the house is evaluated both through thermal modeling and by the results of the house competing in the 10 contests of the Solar Decathlon.
This document provides an overview of passive house standards and principles. It begins by defining a passive house as a building that can maintain a comfortable interior climate without active heating and cooling through highly insulated building envelopes, airtight construction, and heat recovery ventilation. It then discusses key passive house targets for heating/cooling energy use, airtightness, and thermal comfort. Examples of certified passive house projects like offices, schools, and multifamily buildings are shown from Europe and Asia. The document outlines the key passive house principles of excellent insulation, eliminating thermal bridges, high-performance windows, and heat recovery ventilation. It also introduces the PHPP software tool used for passive house certification. Vancouver's progress toward passive house is noted
The document outlines changes to Ireland's building regulations regarding nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB) and major renovations as required by the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). Key points include:
1) New dwellings must meet NZEB standards by 2020, achieving a 70% reduction in energy use compared to 2005 through high insulation levels, efficient services, and renewable energy sources providing at least 20% of energy.
2) Major renovations affecting over 25% of a building must upgrade energy performance to a cost-optimal level of 125kWh/m2 annually through measures like insulation, boiler upgrades, and electric heating replacement.
3) The 2019 building regulations introduce these changes
Energy Consumption in Mid to High-rise Residential Buildings both Before and ...RDH Building Science
This document analyzes energy consumption data from six mid- to high-rise residential buildings before and after enclosure rehabilitation. It found that while enclosure retrofits improved building enclosures, they did not necessarily reduce total energy use, as service systems had a greater influence on energy consumption. On average, the buildings saw a 4.8% reduction in total energy use after rehabilitation, but results varied, with savings of up to 16.8% in one building and increased usage of 13.8% in another. The study concluded that energy improvements require coordinated efforts between enclosure and service system engineers.
013_20160726_Overview of net zero energy buildings in the USsenicsummerschool
The document provides an overview of net zero energy buildings (NZEB) in the US. It discusses various building energy ratings systems like LEED and Green Globes. It then examines examples of early NZEB projects in Florida and Massachusetts that incorporated high insulation, efficient appliances and HVAC systems, and solar photovoltaics to achieve net zero status. The document concludes with descriptions of two high performance NZEB case studies, one in New Jersey utilizing solar thermal and PV, and another in Vermont using a ground source heat pump and wind power.
This document presents a proposal for maintaining the temperature of a swimming pool using sustainable energy sources. It analyzes solar radiation and wind speed data to determine the optimal system for the location. Solar panels are selected for heating, as they are well-suited to the high water volume of a pool. Calculations determine the number of panels needed monthly based on average radiation levels. Wind turbines are considered to supplement energy in winter when solar output is lower. Turbine output potentials are calculated using wind speed data. Heat loss calculations and a thermal storage system will be incorporated into the final design.
My part of the joint session on Passive House—what it is and why it matters—with Stephan Tanner at the 2009 Minnesota AIA Convention.
The slideshow contains a lot of full-screen images but no subtitles, therefore omitting some of the information which would have been given verbally during the presentation.
Andrée Dargan, County Architect with Dun Laoghaire on their experience of carrying out deep retrofit of their social housing stock. Presentation given at SEAI's Deep Retrofit conference on 21st June 2017
NAGEEB (National Action for Green Energy Efficient Buildings) meeting UK 2016...Bernard Ammoun
This presentation will give you a good idea of the actual Carbon savings when constructing with Green material along with the cost of building a house in the UK using the recommended technologies
Doug Webber presented on green building and sustainability. He discussed Architecture 2030's goal of making all new buildings carbon neutral by 2030. He highlighted the Evergreen at Brickworks project in Toronto as an example of exploring options to make a development carbon neutral. Webber noted that while best practices can reduce emissions by 55-65%, renewable energy sources would need to fill the remaining gap to meet 2030 targets.
Phoenix Hope VI And Green Building PresentationICF_HCD
The document discusses the Matthew Henson HOPE VI redevelopment project. It provides details about the project such as it began in 2001 with a $35 million federal grant. Over 463 new on-site units and 148 off-site units were constructed for a total of 611 new housing units. The project aimed to be sustainable and discusses categories like sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality. It provides examples of sustainability measures used in each category.
The document summarizes a presentation on solutions for heating Vermont in a way that supports health, the economy and the climate. It discusses why how Vermont heats its homes and buildings matters, and how heating fits into the state's renewable energy and emissions reduction commitments. Examples are provided of efficiency upgrades at the Fairbanks Museum and in a home. Charts show heating trends and the need to transition heating to meet climate goals. Options for heating with wood and pellet fuels are reviewed, along with their costs and incentives.
A one day symposium on zero/low carbon sustainable homes took place at The University of Nottingham on the 24th October, 2012. The event offered professionals within the construction industry a unique opportunity to gain added and significant insight into the innovations, policies and legislation which are driving the construction of zero/low carbon energy efficient homes both here in the UK and elsewhere in Europe. It explored solutions to sustainability issues “beyond” the zero carbon agenda. BZCH followed on from the successful ‘Towards Zero Carbon Housing’ symposium the University hosted in 2007. This event is part of the Europe Wide Ten Act10n project which is supported by the European Commission Intelligent Energy Europe.
This document discusses net zero energy buildings (NZEBs). It defines NZEBs as buildings that generate as much renewable energy as they consume on an annual basis. It classifies NZEBs based on whether they use on-site or off-site renewable energy sources. Examples of zero energy buildings from around the world are provided, along with design strategies to achieve low and net zero energy performance. Advantages include reduced energy costs and carbon emissions, while disadvantages include higher initial costs and limited experience among designers and builders.
The document summarizes lessons learned from Radian retrofit projects that aimed to significantly reduce household CO2 emissions and residents' energy costs. Key findings include that retrofits achieved 43-74% CO2 reductions and 0-56% cost savings. Feedback was mixed and more resident education was needed. The proposed 'Retrofit South East' project aims to further develop the capacity for low carbon housing retrofits in the region through research, exemplar projects, skills training and developing finance models.
This document provides updates on several research projects funded by SEAI related to building energy performance and indoor environmental quality. It summarizes the goals and key aspects of projects on assessing the performance gap in A-rated buildings, validating ventilation systems in energy efficient homes, monitoring over 100 low-energy buildings to learn nZEB design and operational lessons, and measuring indoor air quality in homes before and after deep energy renovations. The research aims to better understand building performance in use, factors influencing overheating risk, and the impact of energy efficiency upgrades on occupant comfort and health.
This document summarizes current and future energy initiatives at various North Carolina military installations aimed at achieving net zero energy use, including efficiency upgrades, renewable energy generation, and reducing fossil fuel consumption. It outlines initiatives at Fort Bragg, MCAS Cherry Point, MCAS Beaufort, the North Carolina National Guard, and Seymour Johnson AFB relating to lighting, HVAC, solar power, and more. Future needs focus on additional audits, retrofits, and developing renewable energy projects.
- The document discusses the HeatPod project, a whole-house retrofit by Penwith Housing Association to dramatically reduce the carbon emissions and energy use of an existing home.
- The retrofit included external wall insulation, triple glazed windows, an energy efficient heat recovery ventilation system and a ground-source heat pump installed in a conservatory addition called a "HeatPod".
- Initial results showed the home's carbon emissions reduced to around 17kg CO2/m2/year and space heating has not been needed so far, with the internal temperature maintained at 18 degrees Celsius using just the heat pump system.
This document is a thesis that documents the design process of the First Light house, a home designed by a New Zealand team for the 2011 Solar Decathlon competition in Washington DC. The thesis discusses the design of the house with a focus on passive strategies to reduce energy use, including optimizing insulation, thermal mass, glazing, shading and ventilation. It also covers the active systems for energy generation and mechanical systems. The performance of the house is evaluated both through thermal modeling and by the results of the house competing in the 10 contests of the Solar Decathlon.
This document provides an overview of passive house standards and principles. It begins by defining a passive house as a building that can maintain a comfortable interior climate without active heating and cooling through highly insulated building envelopes, airtight construction, and heat recovery ventilation. It then discusses key passive house targets for heating/cooling energy use, airtightness, and thermal comfort. Examples of certified passive house projects like offices, schools, and multifamily buildings are shown from Europe and Asia. The document outlines the key passive house principles of excellent insulation, eliminating thermal bridges, high-performance windows, and heat recovery ventilation. It also introduces the PHPP software tool used for passive house certification. Vancouver's progress toward passive house is noted
The document outlines changes to Ireland's building regulations regarding nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB) and major renovations as required by the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). Key points include:
1) New dwellings must meet NZEB standards by 2020, achieving a 70% reduction in energy use compared to 2005 through high insulation levels, efficient services, and renewable energy sources providing at least 20% of energy.
2) Major renovations affecting over 25% of a building must upgrade energy performance to a cost-optimal level of 125kWh/m2 annually through measures like insulation, boiler upgrades, and electric heating replacement.
3) The 2019 building regulations introduce these changes
Energy Consumption in Mid to High-rise Residential Buildings both Before and ...RDH Building Science
This document analyzes energy consumption data from six mid- to high-rise residential buildings before and after enclosure rehabilitation. It found that while enclosure retrofits improved building enclosures, they did not necessarily reduce total energy use, as service systems had a greater influence on energy consumption. On average, the buildings saw a 4.8% reduction in total energy use after rehabilitation, but results varied, with savings of up to 16.8% in one building and increased usage of 13.8% in another. The study concluded that energy improvements require coordinated efforts between enclosure and service system engineers.
013_20160726_Overview of net zero energy buildings in the USsenicsummerschool
The document provides an overview of net zero energy buildings (NZEB) in the US. It discusses various building energy ratings systems like LEED and Green Globes. It then examines examples of early NZEB projects in Florida and Massachusetts that incorporated high insulation, efficient appliances and HVAC systems, and solar photovoltaics to achieve net zero status. The document concludes with descriptions of two high performance NZEB case studies, one in New Jersey utilizing solar thermal and PV, and another in Vermont using a ground source heat pump and wind power.
This document presents a proposal for maintaining the temperature of a swimming pool using sustainable energy sources. It analyzes solar radiation and wind speed data to determine the optimal system for the location. Solar panels are selected for heating, as they are well-suited to the high water volume of a pool. Calculations determine the number of panels needed monthly based on average radiation levels. Wind turbines are considered to supplement energy in winter when solar output is lower. Turbine output potentials are calculated using wind speed data. Heat loss calculations and a thermal storage system will be incorporated into the final design.
My part of the joint session on Passive House—what it is and why it matters—with Stephan Tanner at the 2009 Minnesota AIA Convention.
The slideshow contains a lot of full-screen images but no subtitles, therefore omitting some of the information which would have been given verbally during the presentation.
Andrée Dargan, County Architect with Dun Laoghaire on their experience of carrying out deep retrofit of their social housing stock. Presentation given at SEAI's Deep Retrofit conference on 21st June 2017
NAGEEB (National Action for Green Energy Efficient Buildings) meeting UK 2016...Bernard Ammoun
This presentation will give you a good idea of the actual Carbon savings when constructing with Green material along with the cost of building a house in the UK using the recommended technologies
Doug Webber presented on green building and sustainability. He discussed Architecture 2030's goal of making all new buildings carbon neutral by 2030. He highlighted the Evergreen at Brickworks project in Toronto as an example of exploring options to make a development carbon neutral. Webber noted that while best practices can reduce emissions by 55-65%, renewable energy sources would need to fill the remaining gap to meet 2030 targets.
Phoenix Hope VI And Green Building PresentationICF_HCD
The document discusses the Matthew Henson HOPE VI redevelopment project. It provides details about the project such as it began in 2001 with a $35 million federal grant. Over 463 new on-site units and 148 off-site units were constructed for a total of 611 new housing units. The project aimed to be sustainable and discusses categories like sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality. It provides examples of sustainability measures used in each category.
The document summarizes a presentation on solutions for heating Vermont in a way that supports health, the economy and the climate. It discusses why how Vermont heats its homes and buildings matters, and how heating fits into the state's renewable energy and emissions reduction commitments. Examples are provided of efficiency upgrades at the Fairbanks Museum and in a home. Charts show heating trends and the need to transition heating to meet climate goals. Options for heating with wood and pellet fuels are reviewed, along with their costs and incentives.
A one day symposium on zero/low carbon sustainable homes took place at The University of Nottingham on the 24th October, 2012. The event offered professionals within the construction industry a unique opportunity to gain added and significant insight into the innovations, policies and legislation which are driving the construction of zero/low carbon energy efficient homes both here in the UK and elsewhere in Europe. It explored solutions to sustainability issues “beyond” the zero carbon agenda. BZCH followed on from the successful ‘Towards Zero Carbon Housing’ symposium the University hosted in 2007. This event is part of the Europe Wide Ten Act10n project which is supported by the European Commission Intelligent Energy Europe.
This document discusses net zero energy buildings (NZEBs). It defines NZEBs as buildings that generate as much renewable energy as they consume on an annual basis. It classifies NZEBs based on whether they use on-site or off-site renewable energy sources. Examples of zero energy buildings from around the world are provided, along with design strategies to achieve low and net zero energy performance. Advantages include reduced energy costs and carbon emissions, while disadvantages include higher initial costs and limited experience among designers and builders.
The document summarizes lessons learned from Radian retrofit projects that aimed to significantly reduce household CO2 emissions and residents' energy costs. Key findings include that retrofits achieved 43-74% CO2 reductions and 0-56% cost savings. Feedback was mixed and more resident education was needed. The proposed 'Retrofit South East' project aims to further develop the capacity for low carbon housing retrofits in the region through research, exemplar projects, skills training and developing finance models.
This document provides updates on several research projects funded by SEAI related to building energy performance and indoor environmental quality. It summarizes the goals and key aspects of projects on assessing the performance gap in A-rated buildings, validating ventilation systems in energy efficient homes, monitoring over 100 low-energy buildings to learn nZEB design and operational lessons, and measuring indoor air quality in homes before and after deep energy renovations. The research aims to better understand building performance in use, factors influencing overheating risk, and the impact of energy efficiency upgrades on occupant comfort and health.
21st Century Energy Efficient Building Design Towards 2060 Net Zero Emission ...Ahmed Y Taha Al-Zubaydi
Global warming poses challenges for building energy use. Efficient building design can reduce energy demand and allow buildings to produce on-site renewable energy to achieve net zero emissions. The document discusses building energy analysis and efficient design strategies like high performance glazing, daylighting, and efficient HVAC. A case study of a net zero energy building demonstrates strategies like renewable energy generation, energy efficient lighting and ventilation, and sustainable materials. Engineers must understand energy assessment and auditing to recommend efficiency upgrades and help meet long term decarbonization goals.
Climate Change Mitigation & AdaptationLaurence Mills
Climate Change Plan
Renewable Technologies
Financial Assistance
Conservation & Efficiency
Mitigation with Technology
Global Climate Change
UK Energy Supply & Climate
Scotland\'s Projected Climate Changes
Climate Change Adaptation & Forward Planning
This document presents an early energy analysis of a multi-family building in New York City. It compares a baseline building design to an improved baseline design with better insulation and construction elements. The improved baseline design saw a decrease in heat transmission of 1.8415 W/m2.K and an increase in total thermal resistance of 2.3753 m2K/W. Apache and Suncast analyses found that adding a canopy provided further energy savings by reducing heat gain on the building. Overall, the analysis shows that improving insulation and adding a canopy can significantly reduce the building's energy consumption and costs.
ZERO ENERGY BUILDING; DESIGN AND SIMULATIONIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and simulation of a zero energy building. It begins by defining zero energy buildings as those that produce as much renewable energy as they consume annually. It then discusses using energy simulation software to model a building's energy performance to predict consumption and optimize design. The document outlines the methodology, including modeling the building in AutoCAD and Revit, calculating energy loads, and designing a solar panel system. It also discusses common building materials used in zero energy construction like rockwool insulation, double glazed windows, and cool roof tiles. The goal of the simulation is to implement an optimized design to achieve net zero energy use.
The document discusses various challenges and considerations around accurately accounting for carbon emissions from buildings and electricity production methods. It touches on the need for standardized approaches and boundaries to avoid double counting, the sensitivity of different methods to accounting assumptions, and debates around how to appropriately assign emissions factors across supply chains and energy grids.
BCI Equinox 2022 - CLB Kien Truc Xanh - Ms PhanThuHang - ENARDOR
Ms. Hang Phan has been the Chair of Vietnam Green Building Council (VGBC) since 2018, responsible for the VGBC Board of Directors to formulate strategic directions of the Council that drive the green building agenda for Vietnam. Ms. Hang has over 20 years’ experience in building science. Her first major is in Architecture before extending the scope to building management and material, and currently is the APAC Sustainable Market Development Director in Saint-Gobain.
She is also a certified Coach & Trainer, especially for Sustainability coaching, helping to make conscious choices for a new lifestyle, in harmony with nature.
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Về BCI:
Tập đoàn Truyền thông Xây dựng BCI hoạt động báo cáo các dự án xây dựng tương lai trong khu vực châu Á Thái Bình Dương.
BCI là cầu nối thông tin giữa các chuyên gia tư vấn thiết kế đang tìm kiếm sản phẩm để chỉ định cho các dự án và các nhà cung cấp đang tìm cách thông báo cho các nhà thiết kế về những sản phẩm và công nghệ xây dựng mới. Để làm điều đó, BCI tiến hành hơn 250.000 buổi gặp mặt và điện thoại phỏng vấn với kiến trúc sư, chủ đầu tư, kỹ sư và nhà thầu mỗi năm, báo cáo các dự án với tổng giá trị khoảng 400 tỷ đô la Mỹ.
Bên cạnh việc đề cao sự minh bạch và hiệu quả thông qua dịch vụ nghiên cứu, BCI cũng xuất bản tập san FuturArc, Construction+ và các tạp chí kiến trúc khác.
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Về Câu lạc bộ Kiến trúc Xanh TP.HCM (CLB KTX TP.HCM):
Câu lạc bộ Kiến trúc Xanh TP.HCM được thành lập vào tháng 09/2011 là nơi tập hợp các thành viên từ nhiều lĩnh vực, có cùng quan tâm và nhiệt huyết trong việc thúc đẩy sự phát triển các Công trình Xanh tại Việt Nam.
Trải qua gần 11 năm hoạt động, cùng sự hỗ trợ của Trung tâm Tiết kiệm Năng lượng TP.HCM và Hội Kiến trúc sư TP.HCM trong thời gian đầu, CLB KTX TP.HCM ngày càng phát triển với số lượng thành viên chính thức hơn 500 người, tổ chức được nhiều Hội thảo chuyên ngành lớn về kiến trúc, quy hoạch, cảnh quan, nhà ở, vật liệu, trang thiết bị, công nghệ và năng lượng xanh, v.v.
Các hội thảo được CLB tổ chức theo hướng trao đổi kiến thức, chia sẻ giải pháp và ứng dụng thực tiễn, với sự tham gia của các đơn vị đồng hành và đặc biệt là của các chuyên gia cùng lĩnh vực ở cả trong và ngoài nước.
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- News: https://www.futurarc.com/new/bci-equinox-ho-chi-minh-city-focuses-on-net-zero-carbon-and-wellness/
- News: https://www.constructionplusasia.com/vi/bci-equinox-2022-chu-de-net-zero-carbon-wellness/
The document provides an update from Fiona Smith regarding nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) and major renovations of domestic buildings according to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive. It discusses Ireland's implementation of NZEB standards for new buildings by 2020 and cost optimal standards for major renovations. It also summarizes the requirements for major renovations to include upgrading insulation, heating systems, and controls when over 25% of a building envelope is renovated. Lastly, it provides examples comparing the standard requirements for new buildings in 2011, 2018 and the NZEB standards.
The document discusses ways for ONCA, an art center located in a listed Georgian building, to improve its energy efficiency and reduce its energy bills. It identifies the major source of energy loss as the building's windows, which have many gaps. It recommends some lower-cost methods like caulking windows and applying plastic film to trap air as short-term solutions. More expensive options include installing double-glazed windows long-term or attic insulation. Correspondence with the local council provides guidance on acceptable energy efficiency upgrades for listed historic buildings that preserve historical integrity.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Energy Modelling comparison project
1. Certificate in Environmental & Energy Engineering
Sustainable Energy Systems Modelling
Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
INTR8018-2011-May
DESIGN STUDY ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY
EFFICIENCY AT “CLOONBEG”, CASTLEFEKE,
CLONAKILTY, CO CORK.
MAY 2011
Group Members; Paul Butler RY5212240
John McCarthy R00078838
Colm O Mathuna RY2030161
2. Abstract
The study undertaken concerned the energy efficient use of the dwelling house “Cloonbeg”,
Castlefreke, Clonakilty, Co. Cork. The premises was constructed 1990 circa in accordance with the
building regulation governing construction techniques of its era. The premises is a 2 story dwelling
house with a two storey extension constructed 2000 circa. The premises is located on a sheltered site
from wind and is situated approximately 50m east of a stream with the front of the premises facing in
a southerly direction.
It was proposed to access the energy efficiency of the dwelling house taking its current energy
efficiency as its base case. The proposed case undertaken was the assessment of the enhanced
case energy efficiency of the dwelling house using three separate software modelling packages.
The three modelling packages utilised include:
1. RETscreen
2. Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure (DEAP)
3. Simplified Building Energy Modelling (SBEM)
The proposed case consisted of upgrading the heat loss elements and envelopes of the dwelling
home. This included increasing the insulation in the attic space and providing external insulation to all
heat loss external walls. It also included providing energy efficient lighting and upgrading the boiler
and heating controls while providing solar panels to contribute towards hot water demands.
Using these software modelling packages it was possible to establish a close correlation to base case
and proposed case energy requirements of the dwelling home between the software modelling
packages.
Both the DEAP and SBEM software modelling packages were developed by the Irish and English
governments respectively in order to access and develop awareness of the energy efficiency of
dwelling homes. This was done as a means of gathering knowledge in order to implement strategies
to achieve set CO2 emission regulations. As these programs were developed for similar reasons,
similarities can be seen between both.
RETscreen also assesses the technical and environmental aspects as well as being a powerful tool
for providing financial analysis.
Introduction
Energy is a valuable resource which is
required in our everyday lives at home, for
transport and in work. Energy is becoming
more expensive to purchase and is producing
harmful by-products such as green house
gases which is damaging our environment.
The main source of fuel for energy production
is in the form of fossil fuels. This is an
exhaustible fuel which will eventually be
depleted. As a result of this the efficient use of
energy is a growing concern.
The purpose of this project was to examine the
energy efficiency of a dwelling home in its
existing state as its base case and to analysis
the feasibility of implementing energy efficient
measures in its upgrade.
The energy efficiency upgrading measures
included upgrading the heat loss elements and
envelopes of the dwelling home to reduce heat
loss from poorly insulated elements. This
included:
Increasing the insulation in the attic
space
Applying external insulation to all heat
loss external wall elements
Upgrading tungsten lamps to energy
efficient lighting (CFL’s)
Upgrading poor efficiency boiler to
high efficiency boiler and providing
heating controls for full zone control of
heating system
Providing solar panels to contribute
towards hot water demands.
Three independent software modelling
packages were utilised to examine the
technical and environmental aspects of the
building “Cloonbeg”, Castlefreke, Clonakilty,
Co. Cork.
These packages included:
1. RETscreen
2. Dwelling Energy Assessment
Procedure (DEAP)
3. Simplified Building Energy Modelling
(SBEM)
3. Nomenclature
kW Kilowatt = 1000 Watts
MW Megawatt = 1,000,000 Watts
kWh Kilowatt Hour = kW x Hours
HHV Higher Heating Value
Tonne 1000 Kilograms
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
Description
Premises
The premises is a 2 storey dwelling house
constructed 1990 circa with a 2 storey
extension constructed 2000 circa.
Photo 1: “Cloonbeg”, Castlefreke, Clonakilty,
Co. Cork.
The premises is located in a sheltered site
offering little wind potential but is situated
approximately 50m east of a stream. The
premises is facing in a southerly direction.
Photo 2: Ground floor plan of existing dwelling
house
Photo 3: First floor plan of existing dwelling
house
Software Packages
4. RETscreen was developed by the Canadian
Government and is currently operating on its
fourth version. It was developed in 1998 and is
a Microsoft Excel based software package
used to determine the feasibility of clean
energy projects and has the means to assess
a wide range of energy efficiency technologies.
The package includes an in-depth library
capable of assisting its interface user in all
energy assessment techniques. It is a powerful
tool that also has the capability of providing its
user with the ability to generate financial and
feasibility assessments for its projects.
Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure
(DEAP) was developed by the Irish
Government to implement the assessment of
the energy performance of buildings. DEAP
software modelling package is used solely for
the assessment of dwelling homes.
It is a package that offers both the technical
and environmental assessment of the dwelling
home based on standard occupancy
assumptions and a range of technical
judgements based upon the views of various
expert organisations regarding the energy
efficiency impact of various building
components and attributes. In practice the
energy efficiency of a building depends on how
the occupants operate the building.
Simplified Building Energy Modelling (SBEM)
was developed by the British Government to
implement the assessment of the energy
performance of buildings. SBEM software
modelling package is capable of assessing the
technical and environmental aspects of both
domestic and non domestic buildings.
Energy Efficiency Measures
There are a number of energy efficient
measures available that can be used in the
upgrading of an existing home. Some of these
measures include upgrading heat loss
elements, upgrading heating systems including
heating controls, improving air tightness within
buildings, improving poor efficiency electrical
consuming devices with high efficiency
devices and by using renewable technologies
such as solar panels, hydro turbines, wind
turbines, heat pumps etc.
The measures implemented in the efficiency
upgrade of “Cloonbeg” consisted of:
External wall insulation to improve U-
Value of wall envelope from
0.55W/m
2
K to 0.19W/m
2
K
Additional roof insulation to improve U-
Value of roof envelope from
0.418W/m
2
K to 0.134W/m
2
K
Upgrading of low efficiency boiler of
ɳ=0.808 to a high efficiency boiler of
ɳ=0.932
Upgrading of heating control system
from programmer time clock to full
zone control to allow time and
temperature control of the heating
system and hot water system
The provision of evacuated tube solar
panels to contribute to the hot water
demands
Grants are made available for the measures
implemented in this project under the home
energy saving scheme as provided by SEAI
(Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland).
Measure Category Grant
Roof Roof Insulation €250
Wall Cavity wall
insulation
€400
Internal wall
insulation
€2,500
External wall
insulation
€4,000
Heating
Controls
High Efficiency GAS
or Oil fired Boiler
with Heating
Controls Upgrade
€700
Heating Controls
Upgrade
€500
BER
Assessment
BER After Upgrade
Works (Only one
BER grant per
home)
€100
Table 1 (SEAI Home Energy Saving scheme
Application Guide Version 2.0)
SEAI also offer a grant scheme to existing
homeowners under the Greener Homes
Scheme Phase III. Under this scheme they
offer grants of €250/m
2
(to max. of 6m
2
) for
Solar – Flat Plate and €300/m
2
(to max. of
6m
2
) for Solar – Evacuated Tube.
Survey Data
Please see Table 2 below showing data
collected from on-site survey.
5. Room Area (sq.m) Opening
opening
dimensions
(sq.m)
Glazing
Details Frame Gap direction
Draught
stripping
y/n
Chimney
or
Flueless
Open
Flues
Fans /
vents
Rads with
or w/o
TRVs?
Number
of Lights
Number of
Low Energy
Lights
GROUNDFLOOR
z0/0
1
Dining Room 16.76 Window 2.4 Double Glazed PVC 12 South y - - 0/1 1/o 2 0
Dining Room - Window 0.64 Double Glazed PVC 12 East y - - " " " "
Dining Room - Window 2.06 Double Glazed PVC 12 West y - - " " " "
z0/0
2 Kitchen 19.77 Window 1.28 Double Glazed PVC 12 East y - - 1/1 1/o 2 0
z0/0
3
Utility 7.58 Window 1.09 Double Glazed PVC 12 East y - - 0/1 1/o 1 0
Utility - Door 2.01 Double Glazed PVC 12 North y - - " " " "
Utility - Glazing 0.56 - - - - - - - - - - -
z0/0
4 WC 2.73 - - - - - - - - - 1/0 1/0 1 0
z0/0
5
Living Room 18.87 Window 2.55 Double Glazed PVC 12 South y 1 - 1/1 1/o 2 0
Living Room - Window 2.4 Double Glazed PVC 12 West y " - " " " "
Living Room - Window 0.64 Double Glazed PVC 12 North y " - " " " "
z0/0
6
Entrance Hall 8.19 Door 2.7 Double Glazed PVC 12 South y - - - 1/o 1 0
Entrance Hall - Glazing 1.07 - - - - - - - - - - -
z0/0
7 Garage 25.59 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 0
FIRSTFLOOR
z1/0
1
Bedroom 1 17.32 Window 1.44 Double Glazed PVC 12 West y - - 0/1 1/o 3 0
Bedroom 1 - Window 1.67 Double Glazed PVC 12 South y - - " 1/o " "
z1/0
2 Ensuite 2.6 - - - - - - - - - 1/0 1/o 1 0
z1/0
3 Landing 11.74 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 0
z1/0
4 Bedroom 2 12.29 Window 1.44 Double Glazed PVC 12 East y - - 0/1 1/o 2 0
z1/0
5 Ensuite 5.71 Window 0.72 Double Glazed PVC 12 North y - - 1/1 1/o 1 0
z1/0
6 Bathroom 4.79 Window 0.72 Double Glazed PVC 12 North y - - 1/1 1/o 1 0
z1/0
7 Hall 4.01 - - - - - - - - - - 1/o 1 0
z1/0
8 Bedroom 3 14.87 Window 1.44 Double Glazed PVC 12 South y - - 0/1 1/o 2 0
z1/0
9
Bedroom 4 13.34 Window 1.09 Double Glazed PVC 12 North y - - 0/1 1/o 3 0
Bedroom 4 - Window 1.09 Double Glazed PVC 12 West y - - " " " "
z1/1
0 Ensuite 2.28 - - - - - - - - - 1/0 1/o 1 0
z1/1
1 Hall 7.64 Window 1.09 Double Glazed PVC 12 North y - - - 1/o 1 0
Table 2: On-site data survey sheet
6. Findings
From inspection of “Cloonbeg” , the Building
Energy Rating (BER) using the DEAP software
(Irish Standard) at the time of inspection was
that of a D2 (i.e. 262.72 kWh/m
2
/yr)
At the time of inspection it was noted poor
building standards had been utilised during its
construction for energy efficiency which would
be reflective of the time at which it was built.
It was noted that the installed boiler had been
upgraded from its original boiler but was still of
poor efficiency. The use of condensing boilers
is common practice in current building
standards and would improve the overall
energy efficiency of the dwelling home.
It was noted that a programmer/time clock was
present with no room thermostats present to
control the heating system at the time of
inspection. Installing a new time and
temperature zone control system would allow
for much improved control of the heating
system providing improved living conditions
and improving the overall energy efficiency of
the dwelling home.
The water cylinder had lagging jacket
insulation and no thermostat at the time of
inspection. A new factory insulated water
cylinder with a thermostat adequately sized to
provide sufficient hot water for the estimated
number of occupants of the dwelling house
would be more efficient and improve the
overall energy efficiency. A water cylinder
incorporating a twin coil system is required
with the provision of solar panels.
It was noted that standard lighting is used
throughout the dwelling. Replacing this lighting
with low energy efficient lighting will save
energy use throughout the year and improve
the overall energy efficiency of the dwelling
home.
It was noted that external walls were of cavity
block construction been constructed in the
early 1990’s with limited insulation. It was also
noted that limited insulation was been utilised
in the roof space between and over the ceiling
joists. Insulation levels can be improved
throughout. This will be shown to be feasible in
the ceiling area and external walls.
Chimneys are an area which lose large
quantities of energy. The heat rises up and
passes out through the open chimney. If these
openings are reduced to an open flue this will
reduce the overall heat loss.
Fireplaces are also very inefficient with an
efficiency rating of 30%. Improving on this by
using other means of secondary heating
systems which are more efficient such as 65%
efficient stove room heater will improve the
overall energy rating of the dwelling home.
These heating systems will also allow the
chimney used for open fires to be reduced to a
flue for other secondary heating systems that
are more efficient thus improving your overall
energy efficiency.
Primary Energy Demand = 262.72kWh/m
2
/yr
Improvement Primary
Energy
Demand
(kWh/m
2
/yr)
CO2
Emissions
(kgCO2/m
2
/yr)
Upgrading
external wall
insulation to
provide a U-
Value of
0.19W/m
2
K
226.02 52.72
Upgrading
roof insulation
to provide a U-
Value of 0.134
W/m
2
K
211.99 49.37
Upgrading of
boiler to a high
efficiency
boiler of
ɳ=0.932
191.81 45.11
Upgrading of
heating control
system to full
zone control
system
157.08 36.90
Provision of
evacuated
tube solar
panels to
contribute to
the hot water
demands
144.46 34.36
Table 3: Improvements indicated on reducing
step basis of proposals implemented using
DEAP Software
7. Results
The energy efficiency was calculated for
“Cloonbeg” dwelling home using 3 different
software modelling packages as mentioned
above. Please see screenshots of the results
obtained from each package for the base case
and proposed case scenarios below.
Screenshot 1: Base Case Results (DEAP
Software)
Screenshot 2: Proposed Case Results (DEAP
Software)
From the DEAP software results it can be seen
that Primary Energy Demand reduced from
262.72kWh/m
2
/yr to 144.46kWh/m
2
/yr
subsequent to the implementation of the
proposed measures mentioned above. These
implementations offer a saving of
118.26kWh/m
2
/yr on the Primary Energy
Demand with a total saving of
27.11kgCO2/m
2
/yr on the CO2 emissions.
This offers a total financial savings of
€1561.30 per year based on a rate of
€0.14/kWh of electricity and €0.07/kWh of LPG
fuel.
With a budget cost estimate of €21,850 –
incentives which amount to €5,922 the total
expenditure comes to €15,928. This provides a
pay back period of 10.2 yrs.
Screenshot 3: Base Case Results (SBEM
Software)
Screenshot 4: Proposed Case Results (SBEM
Software)
From the SBEM software results it can be
seen that Primary Energy Demand reduced
from 288.88kWh/m
2
/yr to 145.65kWh/m
2
/yr
subsequent to the implementation of the
proposed measures mentioned above. These
implementations offer a saving of
143.23kWh/m
2
/yr on the Primary Energy
Demand with a total saving of
33.49kgCO2/m
2
/yr on the CO2 emissions.
This offers a total financial savings of
€1,172.19 per year based on a rate of
€0.14/kWh of electricity and €0.07/kWh of LPG
fuel.
With a budget cost estimate of €21,850 –
incentives which amount to €5,922 the total
expenditure comes to €15,928. This provides a
pay back period of 13.6 yrs.
8. Screenshot 5: CO2 Emissions Analysis
(RETscreen Software)
Screenshot 6: Financial Analysis (RETscreen
Software)
From the RETscreen software results above it
can be seen that there is a savings in CO2
emissions of 2700kgCO2/yr. The base case
CO2 emissions were 7.2tCO2/yr with the
proposed case resulting in 4.5tCO2/yr.
Based on a rate of €0.14/kWh of electricity and
€0.07/kWh of LPG fuel RETscreen gives a
financial savings of €1,208 per year. This
offers a return period of 10 years for the
investment.
Conclusions/Recommendations
From the above analysis it can be seen that
RETscreen offers the shortest payback period
of 10 years for the investment. This is only
slightly less than that of the DEAP software of
10.2 years. SBEM had the longest payback
period 13.6 years.
SBEM results show large savings in upgrading
lighting in comparison to the RETscreen
software and the DEAP software and appears
unrealistic when compared with hand
calculations for lighting also. SBEM results
also show very little savings achieved in space
heating upon implementing the energy efficient
measures. This also doesn’t correlate with
RETscreen and with DEAP software as well as
expected results. The cost of heating the
dwelling home is more significant than the cost
of lighting within the home therefore the results
generated by SBEM result in a longer payback
period than generated by the other two
software packages.
All three software packages show substantial
CO2 savings on the implementation of the
energy efficient measures which results in
significant savings on green house gases.
From the above calculations this project
lifetime would be considered a long term
investment with a significant payback period.
Without government incentives this project
would not be financially viable as payback
periods of greater than 18 years. The energy
efficient measures utilised in the project have a
limited lifetime and could be obsolete by the
time the investment is returned.
The implementation of the above mentioned
energy efficient measures did not upgrade the
dwelling house satisfactorily to conform to
current building regulation Technical Guidance
Document Part L. To conform with these
regulations additional measures would need to
be implemented in the form of upgrading the
heat loss element of the floor and providing a
source of renewable energy to provide
10kWh/m
2
/yr of the overall floor area of the
dwelling home, 4kWh/m2/yr of electrical
energy, or a combination of these which would
have equivalent effect. Such renewable energy
sources could include a wood fired
stove/boiler, wind turbine or hydro turbine to
name but a few. Some of these measures are
not suited to retrofitting and would not be
feasible.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Mr. Gordon Petrie,
Cork Institute of Technology, Chemical
Engineering Department for his assistance,
advice and direction throughout the year.
References
Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland
Technical Guidance Document Part L
SBEM User Guide 3/12/10
Non-domestic Energy Assessment Procedure
(NEAP) Modelling Guide & SBEM Technical
Manual version 3.5.a
Dwelling Energy Assessment (DEAP) Manual
RETscreen Help Desk