The powerpoint of an energy research project presentation. The title is "An Investigation of the Energy Options for Renovating East Halls at Pennsylvania State University – University Park". Presented in Dec 9, 2013.

1. Yun Liang
Advisor: Prof. Andy Lau
Dec 2013

2. Objective

To investigate energy options for renovating a residence
hall on campus in Pennsylvania State University –
University Park, to reduce energy resource consumption
and related environmental damages.
source: http://news.psu.edu/gallery/241897/2012/03/16/south-halls-renovations-and-addition

3. Buildings Share of
U.S. Primary Energy Consumption
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), 2008 Buildings Energy Data Book, Section 1.1.1, 2008.

4. Energy Use Intensity (EUI)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), DataTrends: Energy Use Benchmarking

5. Residential Site Energy Consumption by End Use
DOE, 2008 Buildings Energy Data Book, Section 2.1.5, 2008.

6. Methodology
Gathered data
Analyzed and predicted energy use by
function (heat, lighting, and etc.)
Compared predictions with real data
Applied possible energy options
Calculated energy saving and estimated life
cycle cost

7. Building Energy Consumption
Electricity
Penn State
University
East
Residence
Halls
Steam and Natural
Gas
290 GWh
3,000 MMBTU
8.2 GWh
80.5 MMBTU
15.1 kWh/SF
148 kBTU/SF

8. Heating Energy Use
Steam Consumption (klb)
Monthly Steam Consumption of East Halls
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0

9. Dependence of East Halls Steam Use
on Ambient Temperature in 2012
Steam Consumption (klb)
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
0
20
40
Temperature (°F)
60
80

10. Typical Heat Losses – Conventional House

11. Heat Losses
ROOFTOP
WINDOW
WALL
Area (sf)
7,200
4,500
24,000
R value
Thermal
Resistance
(hr*sf*oF/BTU)
25.2
0.79
4.21
Heat Losses Rate
(MBTU/DD)
6.85
137
137
Total Heat Losses
(MMBTU)
39.3
787
786

12. Air Leakage
Source: http://sjsmechanical.com/?page_id=525

13. Air Leakage
Heat losses due to air leakage
 1,166 MMBTU (42%)


14. Electricity Use
Electricity Consumption (kWh)
Electricity Consumption of East Halls
1,600,000
1,200,000
800,000
400,000
0

15. Electricity Consumption for each 30
minutes period
Daily Electricity Consumption in
Students' Dorm (kWh)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0:00
4:00
8:00
12:00
16:00
20:00

16. Electricity Consumption
in Students' Dormitory
Clock Radio
5%
Laptop
10%
TV
8%
Floor Lamp
11%
Reading Lamp
2%
Ceiling
Lighting
19%
Desk Lamp
11%
Phone Charger
1%
Refrigerator &
Microwave
33%

17. Heating Saving Options
Exterior Wall Insulation
 Window Selection

source: http://www.celsiusuk.com/external-wall-insulation%20

18. Heating Saving Options
WALL W/O COATING
WALL W/ COATING
WINDOW WITH
SINGLE PANE
2,777 MMBTU
(100%)
2,166 MMBTU
(80%)
WINDOW WITH
DOUBLE PANE
2,331 MMBTU
(84%)
1,720 MMBTU
(62%)
WINDOW WITH
TRIPLE PANE
2,238 MMBTU
(81%)
1,627 MMBTU
(59%)

19. Electricity Saving Options

High Efficiency Product (Energy Star)
Motion Sensor
 Occupancy Sensor
 Photosensor


Photovoltaic

20. Electricity Saving Options - Lighting
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
(MWh)
TOTAL
PRIVATE
LIGHTING
TOTAL
PUBLIC
LIGHTING
TOTAL
LIGHT
T8 STANDARD W/O OCCUPANCY
SENSOR
1,853
(100%)
6,753
(100%)
8,607
(100%)
W/ OCCUPANCY
SENSOR
1,420
(76.64%)
3,714
(55%)
5,135
(59.66%)
W/ OCCUPANCY
PHOTOSENSOR
774
(41.8%)
2,016
(29.86%)
2,791
(32.4%)
W/ OCCUPANCY
SENSOR
1,330
(71.8%)
3,428
(50.77%)
4,759
(55.30%)
W/ OCCUPANCY
PHOTOSENSOR
715
(38.59%)
1,861
(27.56%)
2,576
(29.93%)
T8
STANDARD
ELECTRONI
C BALLAST
T8 HIGH
EFFIENCY
BALLSTS

21. Electricity Saving Options –
Photovoltaic
Net AC Output vs. Monthly Consumption
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Net AC Output (kWh)
Jul
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Monthly Electricity Consumption (kWh)

22. Economic Analysis
Energy Options
WINDOW WITH
DOUBLE PANE
Annual Energy Savings
$4,307
WALL W/ COATING
WINDOW WITH
TRIPLE PANE
T8 HIGH
EFFIENCY
BALLSTS
$4,686
W/ OCCUPANCY
SENSOR
$390
W/ OCCUPANCY
PHOTOSENSOR
$2,200
PHOTOVOLTAIC
$4,282

23. Acknowledgements
Prof. Andy Lau
 Dr. Miller
 Dr. Brownson
 Paul Ruskin
 Amy Frantz
 Garvin Jennifer
 Aaron Knight


24. Questions?