This document discusses file management functions in C++. It introduces file streams/file handling using the <fstream> header file. The header file supports ofstream for writing, ifstream for reading, and fstream for both. Common file operations include creating/opening a file using open(), reading data with read(), writing with write(), and closing a file with close(). The document provides examples of opening files for writing, reading, appending, and truncating and using extraction and insertion operators to read from and write to files.

1. SUBJECT :- Object Oriented Programming with C++
TOPIC :- File Management Functions
Prepared by: Vaani Pathak
Branch: CE
Division: B3
Enrollment No.: 170120107131
Guided by: Utsav Shah

2. Introduction
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 In Files we store data i.e. text or binary data
permanently and use these data to read or write in
the form of input output operations by transferring
bytes of data.
 So we use the term File Streams/File handling.
 We use the header file <fstream>

3. Header file
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 ofstream: It represents output Stream and this is
used for writing in files.
 ifstream: It represents input Stream and this is used
for reading from files.
 fstream: It represents both output Stream and input
Stream. So it can read from files and write to files.

4. Operations in File Management
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 Below the operations used for file management in
c++
o Creating a file: open()
o Reading data: read()
o Writing new data: write()
o Closing a file: close()

5. Creating/Opening a File
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 A file must be opened before you can read from it or
write
 Here, the first argument specifies the name and
location of the file to be opened and the second
argument of the open() member function defines the
mode in which the file should be opened.
o void open(const char *filename, ios::openmode mode);

6. Types:
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File opened for writing ios::out
File opened for reading ios::in
File opened for appending ios::app
File opened for truncating ios::trunc

7. Reading from a File
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 You read information from a file into your program
using the stream extraction operator (>>) just as you
use that operator to input information from the
keyboard.
 The only difference is that you use
an ifstream or fstream object instead of
the cin object.

8. Writing to a File
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 While doing C++ programming, you write information
to a file from your program using the stream insertion
operator (<<) just as you use that operator to output
information to the screen.
 The only difference is that you use
an ofstream or fstream object instead of
the cout object.

9. Closing a File
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 When a C++ program terminates it automatically
flushes all the streams, release all the allocated
memory and close all the opened files.
 But it is always a good practice that a programmer
should close all the opened files before program
termination.
 Following is the standard syntax for close() function,
which is a member of fstream, ifstream, and
ofstream objects.

10. THANK YOU