Feudalism
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Feudalism developed in Western Europe following the collapse of the Roman political order. As Roman rule gave way to anarchy in the 5th century, kings had to rely more on local nobles to administer their kingdoms, granting them land in exchange for military service. This led to the decentralization of political power as nobles subdivided their lands among lesser nobles. Though this system led to instability and conflict at first, feudalism provided some defense against raids and invasions in the absence of strong central government. By 1000 AD feudalism had established a degree of stability in Western Europe, setting the stage for renewed civilization in the High Middle Ages.
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This document provides an overview of medieval Europe, focusing on the relationship between secular and religious power. It discusses how the Catholic Church became deeply involved in government during this period and established a common religious identity across Europe. It also examines the feudal system of land ownership and social roles, the Crusades, and influential figures like Charlemagne and Pope Gregory VII who challenged lay investiture. Overall, the document analyzes how the Catholic Church established itself as a unifying religious and political force in medieval Europe while also contesting power with secular rulers at times.
Unit 2 feudal society
1. Medieval European society was organized into a feudal system following invasions in the 9th-11th centuries. Kings granted land to nobles who then protected peasants on that land.
2. The feudal system was based on a hierarchy of obligations where peasants pledged allegiance to local lords in exchange for protection, and lords pledged to the king in exchange for land. This created interlocking bonds of loyalty throughout society.
3. Medieval society was divided into estates of nobles, clergy, and workers. Nobles fought as knights and defended the people. Clergy prayed for spiritual salvation and managed church lands and monasteries. Peasants and craftsmen produced food and goods
Chapter 9 Notes- Popes vs. Princes, Feudal Monarchs and Crusades
The document summarizes political developments in 9th century Europe and 9th-12th century Western Europe. It describes the collapse of the Carolingian Empire leading to political chaos and a decline in the influence of the church. It then discusses reforms within the church to address corruption, as well as the investiture controversy between the Pope and Holy Roman Emperor over who had authority to appoint bishops. New religious orders like the Franciscans and Dominicans emerged in the 13th century emphasizing service and poverty.
13.1, 13.2, and 13.4
The document summarizes key developments during the Middle Ages in Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It describes how the empire fragmented as barbarian tribes invaded and centralized authority broke down. This led to the disruption of trade, decline of cities, shifts in population to rural areas, reduced learning, and loss of common languages. Feudal systems emerged to provide local governance and security in the absence of a strong central power. The Catholic Church remained as one of the few institutions providing stability and literacy. The document also profiles figures like Charlemagne who worked to rebuild aspects of the former empire.
The Rise Of The Middle Ages
The document summarizes the rise of the Middle Ages in Europe from 496-1328 AD. It describes the transition after the fall of Rome including invasions, population shifts to rural areas, and the decline of cities and learning. Germanic kingdoms replaced the Roman provinces and the Catholic Church provided security. The system of feudalism developed with lords granting land to vassals who promised military service in exchange. Manors became the basic economic unit with peasants farming the land. The role and hierarchy of the Catholic Church is also summarized, which filled a need for leadership and wielded significant political and economic power.
Middle ages feudalism and manor lesson ppt
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Western Europe entered a period known as the Middle Ages from 400-1400 AD. During this time, feudalism developed as a political and social system out of necessity. Under feudalism, kings granted land to nobles who then protected their territory, and nobles granted land to knights and peasants in exchange for loyalty and labor. This hierarchical system helped bring order but also led to a decentralized power structure and a decline in trade, learning, and technology development over the Middle Ages.
Middle ages
The document summarizes key developments in Europe between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Renaissance period. It discusses the decline of the Roman and Byzantine Empires due to corruption and invasions. It also outlines the rise of Christianity and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages, as well as the establishment of feudalism and manorialism as social and economic systems.
MIDDLE AGES AND FEUDALISM AND MEDIEVAL PERIOD
This document provides an overview of medieval Europe during the Middle Ages. It discusses the rise of the Holy Roman Empire under Charlemagne in the late 8th century, which reunited much of Western Europe. It also describes the development of feudalism and the social hierarchy that emerged, with nobles, knights, and peasants. Peasants lived under feudal contracts and were essentially tied to the land. The document notes improvements to medieval agriculture that increased food production. The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in feudal society and politics.
Fall Of Rome Pwpt
The document summarizes the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It lists several political, economic, social, and military causes that contributed to Rome's decline, including oppressive government, increased taxes, reliance on slave labor, population decline from war and disease, poorly trained armies with little loyalty, and invasions by Germanic tribes. By the 5th century AD, the Western Roman Empire had collapsed as Roman provinces fell one by one to invading barbarian tribes.
Feudalism.igogo.2nd
Feudalism was a system established in Medieval Europe in which knights and lords exchanged land and protection for loyalty and military service to their kings. William the Conqueror introduced this system to England in 1066 after his victory at the Battle of Hastings. Under feudalism, everyone owed allegiance to the king and their immediate superior in a strict hierarchy, with peasants providing labor and soldiers to those above them in exchange for land. Over time, factors like the growth of money economies, the Black Death, and the use of paid mercenaries contributed to the decline of feudalism in England.
13.1 - Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne
Charlemagne united much of Western Europe under his rule in the late 8th and early 9th centuries. He was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day in 800, helping to establish the papacy's authority. This upset the Byzantine Empire, which still claimed sovereignty over the former Western Roman Empire. Charlemagne expanded the Frankish kingdom through military conquests and promoted scholarship, laying the foundations for development in the Carolingian Renaissance.
European Middle Ages Update
The document provides background information on medieval Europe, including:
1. Charlemagne united much of Western Europe and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800.
2. Feudalism developed as a political and military system based on land ownership and loyalty between lords and vassals. Peasants lived and worked on manors.
3. The Catholic Church was highly influential and competed for power with political rulers. Excommunication was used as a threat against kings.
Middle Ages (13:1-2)
Charlemagne united many Germanic kingdoms in northern Europe under his empire in the late 8th century. This spread Christianity more widely and had a permanent impact. After Charlemagne's death, his empire fragmented and feudalism emerged as a political and military system defined by obligations between lords and vassals. Landowners granted land in exchange for military service and other duties. Society was strictly divided into those who fought, prayed, and worked. Manors formed the basic economic unit, with peasants owing labor and taxes to the lord in exchange for protection and farmland.
Charlemagne unites germanic kingdoms
The document provides information about the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe. It summarizes that repeated invasions by Germanic tribes disrupted the economy and government of the Western Roman Empire. The only remaining institution was the Church. Over time, small Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces. Clovis, king of the Franks, converted to Christianity and helped unite the Franks, beginning a relationship between political and religious institutions. Charlemagne later built a large empire and revived education, helping to reunite Western Europe after the fall of Rome.
Medieval Casey
The document discusses the political, economic, social, and religious developments in medieval Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Politically, feudalism became dominant, with weak central authority and power held locally by lords. Economically, serfdom and the manor system prevailed, with most people tied to subsistence agriculture. Socially, a rigid hierarchy existed with nobility determined by birth and the Catholic Church as the main authority.
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Feudalism
- 1. Lesson Objective By the end of this lesson you should: Be able to understand and describe the term ‘Feudalism’ Know the historical context and significance of Feudalism
- 2. Historical Context To know what is happening during a particular time in history Can be the political, social, cultural or economic setting What was happening in history when Feudalism was developed?
- 3. Historical significance Why is it important?
- 4. The Collapse of the Political Order in Western Europe Germanic tribes- some respect for Roman civilisations, desire to maintain Most failed to establish long lasting states
- 5. Reasons for failure Poor understanding of Roman Government Few trained bureaucrats each generation- Roman rule slowly gave way to anarchy Lack of German concept of a state Loyalty to chief or king, not to the ‘state’ Kingdom divided between sons when a king dies
- 6. Kings had to rely more on local nobles to administer kingdoms No money meant kings had to pay their supporters with land This is where their trouble began
- 7. The Development of Feudalism
- 8. Rise of the Church The Catholic Church became a major source of wealth and power People would give land to the church to ‘get into heaven In some cases, local nobles schemed to control Church lands
- 9. Problems
- 10. The Church wanted to maintain independence- looked to kings for protection Kings looked to the Church for land, and ‘spiritual support’ which made them popular
- 11. Kings and the Church relied on each other out of necessity When they became independently powerful there would be trouble between the ‘Church’ and the ‘State’
- 12. Effects Western Europe disintegrated into anarchy as local nobles rebelled against kings and fought each other in private wars Anarchy encouraged raids and invasions by groups such as the Vikings and the Arabs
- 14. Feudalism A new decentralised political order King gives land to noblesin return for military service or other forms of service Nobles would subdivide their land and give it to lesser nobles (Knights) in return for military service The lesser nobles would subdivide their land to get their own followers Theoretically every noble owed allegiance to the king, but in reality, he mainly dealt with his immediate overlords and vassals
- 16. Results Lots of ‘little’ wars- border raids Extremely localised and decentralised In the absence of a strong central government, Feudalism provided a degree of defence against constant raids and invasions Terms of service was around 40 days- no one was able to build much power. By AD 1000, things would settle down and a certain amount of stability had been established
- 17. This stability set the stage for the revival of civilisation in Western Europe known as the ‘High Middle Ages’