This is a precise presentation on NPK fertilizers or complex fertilizers. It has detailed flowsheets with descriptions about all manufacturing processes of NPK fertilizers as well
Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus fertilizer. It’s made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries
Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus fertilizer. It’s made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries
Classification of chemical fertilizers • organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer • Sources of Organic fertilizers • Inorganic fertilizers • Nitrogenous fertilizers • Phosphate fertilizers • Potassic fertilizers • Secondary major-nutrient fertilizers • Micronutrient Fertilizers • On the base of physiological effect • On the basis of physical forms • Granular fertilizers
Mixed Fertilizers - Definition, Preparation and Compatibility. VisanthGuhan
Definition for Mixed Fertilizers, It's Advantages and Disadvantages, Incompatibility of Mixed Fertilizers, Physical and chemical changes that affects the preparation and Mixed Fertilizer preparation process.
Manufacture of manufacturing of single superphosphate and triple superphospah...MuhammadAyyanKhan
Introduction * Different Grade of Phosphate Rock * Different Forms of Super Phosphate * Manufacturing Single Superphosphate * Advantages and Use Single Superphosphate * Granular Single Super Phosphate Process & Advantages * Conclusion * Manufacturing Triple Superphosphate * Advantages and Use Triple Superphosphate * Side Effects of using Triple Superphosphate
Fertilizers are compounds given to plants with the intention of promoting growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar spraying, for uptake through leaves.
this is one of bost beneficial slide to know the urea production this is not theoretical knowledge the training is done in nfl and the whole report is made on the basis of deep study of whole plant
This book covers design of high Pressure equipment and developments, Process flow diagram of different section of Ammonia, Urea and others fertilizers .Fundamentals of ammonia urea plant trouble shooting risk assessment corrosion in different vessels and remedies. This book is useful for Engineers and Sr. Managers for plant commissioning and trouble shooting and Engineering Students. This book contains about 51 tables and 144 useful diagram and chart graphics etc. Detail description of ammonia/CO2 stripping process and new developments. Design Parameters of High pressure vessel and comparison. Study of corrosion for various equipments and control. How to control corrosion by changing of equipments material.
Complex NPK Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule, Working Capital Requirement, Plant Layout, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project, Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even Analysis
Fertilizer is a material that is added to the soil to supply one or more elements required for plant growth and productiveness. Plants need to be fertilized because most soil does not provide the essential nutrients required for optimum growth.
The three numbers on fertilizer represents the value of the three macro-nutrients used by plants. These macro-nutrients are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) or NPK for short. All plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to grow. Without enough of any one of these nutrients, a plant will fail. An NPK fertilizer provides those three nutrients in ratios particular to the plant being grown.
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Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
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Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
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Complex NPK fertilizer project report, Complex NPK fertilizers Business, Complex NPK fertilizers Making Small Business Manufacturing, Composition of powder NPK fertilizers, Compounds of liquid NPK fertilizers, Detailed Project Report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Download free project profile on NPK fertilizers, Feasibility report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant and Fertilizer Plant, Fertilizer manufacturing process flow chart, Formulation of NPK fertilizers, Free Project Profile on Complex NPK fertilizers, Great Opportunity for Startup, How fertilizers are manufactured, How to apply powder NPK fertilizers, How to make NPK fertilizer, NPK fertilizer manufacturing process pdf, NPK fertilizer manufacturing, NPK fertilizer plant, NPK fertilizer preparation, NPK fertilizer process flow diagram, NPK fertilizer production process, NPK fertilizer production technology, NPK fertilizer production, NPK fertilizer properties, NPK fertilizer use, Production of NPK Fertilizers, Profitable Small Scale Complex NPK fertilizers manufacturing, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Project profile on Complex NPK fertilizers, Project Report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Project report on NPK fertilizers manufacturing industries, Setting up and opening your Complex NPK fertilizers Business, Nitrogenous Fertilisers Demand Past and Future, Urea Demand Past and Future
Business Plan- NPK Fertilizer & Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN). Growing Industry to Start a Business.
Ammonium nitrate (AN) is one among the foremost common commercially available nitrogen fertilizers, the content of nitrogen during which amounts up to 35% by mass. The most agrochemical advantage of a compared to other simple nitrogen fertilizers is to present nitrogen both in ammonia and nitrate forms. Herewith, the high content of this component enables to combine it with other varieties of fertilizers and acquire complex fertilizer with the high content of basic nutrients—nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The most disadvantages of such sorts of fertilizers are their high hygroscopicity, caking and therefore the increased requirements for fire and explosion safety.
For More Details, Click Here:-
https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profile/4848/npk-fertilizer-calcium-ammonium-nitrate.html
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Classification of chemical fertilizers • organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer • Sources of Organic fertilizers • Inorganic fertilizers • Nitrogenous fertilizers • Phosphate fertilizers • Potassic fertilizers • Secondary major-nutrient fertilizers • Micronutrient Fertilizers • On the base of physiological effect • On the basis of physical forms • Granular fertilizers
Mixed Fertilizers - Definition, Preparation and Compatibility. VisanthGuhan
Definition for Mixed Fertilizers, It's Advantages and Disadvantages, Incompatibility of Mixed Fertilizers, Physical and chemical changes that affects the preparation and Mixed Fertilizer preparation process.
Manufacture of manufacturing of single superphosphate and triple superphospah...MuhammadAyyanKhan
Introduction * Different Grade of Phosphate Rock * Different Forms of Super Phosphate * Manufacturing Single Superphosphate * Advantages and Use Single Superphosphate * Granular Single Super Phosphate Process & Advantages * Conclusion * Manufacturing Triple Superphosphate * Advantages and Use Triple Superphosphate * Side Effects of using Triple Superphosphate
Fertilizers are compounds given to plants with the intention of promoting growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar spraying, for uptake through leaves.
this is one of bost beneficial slide to know the urea production this is not theoretical knowledge the training is done in nfl and the whole report is made on the basis of deep study of whole plant
This book covers design of high Pressure equipment and developments, Process flow diagram of different section of Ammonia, Urea and others fertilizers .Fundamentals of ammonia urea plant trouble shooting risk assessment corrosion in different vessels and remedies. This book is useful for Engineers and Sr. Managers for plant commissioning and trouble shooting and Engineering Students. This book contains about 51 tables and 144 useful diagram and chart graphics etc. Detail description of ammonia/CO2 stripping process and new developments. Design Parameters of High pressure vessel and comparison. Study of corrosion for various equipments and control. How to control corrosion by changing of equipments material.
Complex NPK Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule, Working Capital Requirement, Plant Layout, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project, Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even Analysis
Fertilizer is a material that is added to the soil to supply one or more elements required for plant growth and productiveness. Plants need to be fertilized because most soil does not provide the essential nutrients required for optimum growth.
The three numbers on fertilizer represents the value of the three macro-nutrients used by plants. These macro-nutrients are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) or NPK for short. All plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to grow. Without enough of any one of these nutrients, a plant will fail. An NPK fertilizer provides those three nutrients in ratios particular to the plant being grown.
See more
https://goo.gl/bE20Jx
https://goo.gl/GSw8OE
https://goo.gl/iyuYOd
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Complex NPK fertilizer project report, Complex NPK fertilizers Business, Complex NPK fertilizers Making Small Business Manufacturing, Composition of powder NPK fertilizers, Compounds of liquid NPK fertilizers, Detailed Project Report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Download free project profile on NPK fertilizers, Feasibility report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant and Fertilizer Plant, Fertilizer manufacturing process flow chart, Formulation of NPK fertilizers, Free Project Profile on Complex NPK fertilizers, Great Opportunity for Startup, How fertilizers are manufactured, How to apply powder NPK fertilizers, How to make NPK fertilizer, NPK fertilizer manufacturing process pdf, NPK fertilizer manufacturing, NPK fertilizer plant, NPK fertilizer preparation, NPK fertilizer process flow diagram, NPK fertilizer production process, NPK fertilizer production technology, NPK fertilizer production, NPK fertilizer properties, NPK fertilizer use, Production of NPK Fertilizers, Profitable Small Scale Complex NPK fertilizers manufacturing, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Project profile on Complex NPK fertilizers, Project Report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Project report on NPK fertilizers manufacturing industries, Setting up and opening your Complex NPK fertilizers Business, Nitrogenous Fertilisers Demand Past and Future, Urea Demand Past and Future
Business Plan- NPK Fertilizer & Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN). Growing Industry to Start a Business.
Ammonium nitrate (AN) is one among the foremost common commercially available nitrogen fertilizers, the content of nitrogen during which amounts up to 35% by mass. The most agrochemical advantage of a compared to other simple nitrogen fertilizers is to present nitrogen both in ammonia and nitrate forms. Herewith, the high content of this component enables to combine it with other varieties of fertilizers and acquire complex fertilizer with the high content of basic nutrients—nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The most disadvantages of such sorts of fertilizers are their high hygroscopicity, caking and therefore the increased requirements for fire and explosion safety.
For More Details, Click Here:-
https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profile/4848/npk-fertilizer-calcium-ammonium-nitrate.html
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Utilizing Acid-tolerant Nitrifying Bacteria to Generate the Acidity Needed to...LPE Learning Center
The full proceedings paper is at: www.extension.org/72846
Although acid scrubbers can capture ammonia (NH3) in exhaust air from animal facilities, they are not cost-effective because the nitrogen (N) captured has roughly the same value as the acid. The objective of this work was to develop an NH3 scrubber that uses acid-tolerant nitrifying bacteria to generate the acid needed for scrubbing NH3. Nitrification is an acid-forming process, with two moles of acid formed for each mole of ammonium (NH4) nitrified. A laboratory microcosm that held a clay substrate was inoculated with sewage from the aeration basin of a local wastewater plant. A feed solution containing ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was then pumped through the system. Ammonium, nitrate (NO3) and pH were measured periodically in the influent and effluent. After a few weeks, NO3- analysis indicated >95% of the NH4 was being nitrified to NO3-, at which point the NH4Cl and NaHCO3 concentrations were doubled. This process was repeated until the feed solution contained 4 g NH4Cl/L. Then the NaHCO3 was reduced over time so that the molar ratio of base to potential acidity (from nitrification of NH4) was less than one, causing the effluent pH to decrease. Even though the influent pH was 8.2, the effluent pH was reduced to 4.2 over time, indicating acid-tolerant nitrifying bacteria were at work. Clay substrate from the microcosm was then used to inoculate slats of an NH4 scrubber with these bacteria at a commercial broiler farm in NW AR, by encasing the clay substrate in mesh that was attached to the slats. Within weeks, bacteria slime mats formed on the slats and nitrification of NH3 and acid generation began. Over 20 kg of N were captured in 35 days, about half of which was NO3-. This technology has the potential to make the use of NH4 scrubbers a cost-effective best management practice.
This research mainly focus on developing an efficient product that will be effective for remediation during groundwater treatment.
It gives in-depth analysis on in-situ oxidation techniques for groundwater remediation.
Wastewater treatment technologies for removal of nitrogen and phosphorusRabia Aziz
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Environmental Chemistry
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
3. • Nitrogen fertilizers
• Crushed animal bones (P-rich)
• Leibig – Crushed bones with dilute
sulphuric acid - Ph0sphate fertilizers
• Invention of Ammonia by Haber and
Bosch
History of Fertilizers
4. • Phosphate rock (RP) is the main source of phosphorus
in fertilizers.
• First deposits of phosphate rock were discovered in the
early 19th century and its mining started in 1867 in South
Carolina, USA.
• Rock phosphate was first used for direct application for
more than 150 years
• Research on rock phosphate for direct application as a
fertilizer started over 100 years ago
Phosphate Rock : The natural
Non – Renewable Source of Phosphate
6. •The main nitrogen-based straight fertilizer is ammonia
or its solutions
•Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is also widely used
•Urea is another popular source of nitrogen, having the
advantage of being a solid and non-explosive
Single Nutrient Fertilizers
7. These fertilizers are the most common ones.
They consist of two or more nutrient components
Major two-component fertilizers provide both nitrogen
and phosphorus to the plants.
These are called NP fertilizers. The main NP fertilizers are
monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium
phosphate (DAP).
The active ingredient in MAP is NH4H2PO4. The active
ingredient in DAP is (NH4)2HPO4. About 85% of MAP
and DAP fertilizers are soluble in water.
Multi Nutrient Fertilizers
8. NPK fertilizer is usually thought of as a chemical
fertilizer, but NPK applies to any soil amendment that
supplies Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium,
including organic fertilizers
Plants need nitrogen for leaf growth, phosphorus for
root formation, stem growth, and fruiting, and
potassium for flowering and plant immunity
Organic NPK fertilizers can be slow-releasing or fast-
releasing.
NPK Fertilizers
9. • Granulation with a pipe reactor system
Mixed Acid Route
Nitrophosphate Route
Methods of NPK Fertilizer
Manufacture
13. Solid raw materials -
potassium chloride,
potassium sulphate,
superphosphate,
secondary nutrients,
micronutrients
Granulation
and
Drying section
14. Granulation
and
Drying section
• Concentrated
ammonium nitrate
solution may be
added directly into
the granulator –
Ammoniation
• A pipe reactor
fitted in the dryer is
fed with phosphoric
acid and ammonia
• N/P
mol ratio is 1.00 -
MAP
15. • MAP produced
consists of very
fine particles,
passes via the
cyclones , screens
back to the
granulation
drum
• The granules
obtained are dried
in a drying section
using a heated air
stream
Granulation
and
Drying section
17. • Gases from the
granulator and
dryer are scrubbed
in venturi scrubbers
with recirculating
ammonium
phosphate or
ammonium sulpho-
phosphate solution
• The scrubber
liquor which
is being recycled is
fed to the pipe
reactor in the
granulator.
Gas scrubbing,
Dust removal
18. • The gases coming
from the dryer are
de-dusted in high
efficiency cyclones
to remove the
majority of the dust
before scrubbing.
• The air coming
from the cooling
equipment is
generally
recycled as
secondary air to the
dryer after de-
dusting
Gas scrubbing,
Dust removal
20. •Cheap raw materials
such as phosphate rock
•Digestion of phosphate
rock with nitric acid
resulting
in a solution of
phosphoric acid and
calcium nitrate
•Gases such as oxides of
nitrogen
and fluorine compounds
are formed during the
digestion, depending on
the type of phosphate
rock.
Digestion reactors
21. • Raw materials such as
phosphoric, sulphuric
and nitric acids are
added after the digestion
(Exothermic)
•The slurry is
ammoniated
with gaseous ammonia
and after neutralization,
other components such as
ammonium
phosphates,
superphosphates,
ammonium sulphate,
compounds containing
potassium
and magnesium are
added
Digestion reactors
22. Ammoniation
reactors
• The design of the reactor
battery can vary from a few
large reactors to many,
smaller
reactors
• Common for all the
designs of the reactor
battery is that the row of
reactors ends
with a buffer tank.
25. Solid raw materials
• The main solid raw materials are potash and phosphate rock
• These raw materials are transported to the production site by
ships, trains or lorries.
• Grab cranes are traditionally used for the unloading of ships
and with this method there is
the risk that some fine material may spread to the
environment in the harbor area.
•It is recommended that closed unloading methods
Ship unloading
26. Unloading of rail waggons or
lorries
Waggons/
Lorries
Hoppers
Conveyors
27. • Raw materials are stored in closed buildings or silos
• Materials in storage are handled by payloader, scraper or crane
•Bulk storage is in closed buildings with
walls to separate different grades of product
• Fertilizers are hygroscopic and thus it is recommended that
the storage atmosphere be air-conditioned
Storage
29. • The nitrophosphate process was a method for the industrial
production of nitrogen fertilizers invented by Erling Johnson in the
municipality of Odda, Norway around 1927.
• Although Johnson created the process while working for the Odda
Smelteverk, his company never employed it.
Instead, it licensed the process to Norsk Hydro, BASF, Hoechst, and
DSM.
• Each of these companies used the process, introduced variations, and
licensed it to other companies.
Due to the alterations of the process by the various companies who
employed it, the process is now generally referred to as the
nitrophosphate process.
The Odda process - Introduction
30. Phosphate sources must be converted into a form which can be
taken up by plants
This can be achieved by using the integrated “Nitrophosphate”
process which produces compound fertilizers containing
ammonium nitrate, phosphate and potassium
This process aims to produce nitrate-containing straight and
compound fertilizers starting from rock phosphate and using all the
nutrient components in an integrated process without solid wastes
and with minimal gaseous and liquid emissions.
Goals of the process
32. The Main Steps of NP process is as under
• Rock Phosphate Storage and Handling
• Dissolution of rock phosphate with nitric acid
• Crystallization of Dissolving solution and separation of calcium
nitrate crystals from nitrophosphate acid
• Ammoniation (i.e. neutralization of nitrophosphate acid)
• Prilling of the slurry and conditioning of the product
Summary of processes involved
33. Rock phosphate is weighed and added into the first dissolving
reactorwhere it is mixed with the proper amount of Nitric acid plus
wash acid. In order to avoid foaming during the reactions, required
quantities of antifoaming agent is sent to the first dissolving reactor
The phosphate solution is cooled to about 400C by means of
cooling water and fed to the crystallization lines A, B, C, D, E and F.
In the crystallizers calcium nitrate is crystallized out as calcium
nitrate tetra hydrate crystals
The mother liquor from filter drum is pumped to the neutralizers.
To obtain the proper NP ratio in the end product, a certain amount
of ammonium nitrate solution from the calcium nitrate conversion
plant is recycled to this tank
Process description
34. The neutralizer is also fed with a proper amount of ammonia in order
to effect adequate neutralization. The amount of ammonia is
controlled by an automatic pH control
Gases leaving the neutralizer are washed in scrubber. After
neutralization, the NP solution is concentrated in evaporators
The Melt from the evaporator is fed to a prilling tower
The prills are removed from the bottom of the tower by means of a
scraper at about 950C
Prills are conveyed by means of a belt conveyor to a cooling unit,
cooling is done by air induced by a blower
Cooled Product is sent to Handling plant for Bagging and storage.
Process description
36. This process on the core is still being by almost all
industries till date
The basic underlying acidulation of Phosphate rock is a
fixed constant
But process conditions are optimized
At the same time recovery of byproducts is made more
efficient
Let us look at some of the developments….
Developments in process
37. Morocco phosphate rock is preferred over Egyptian Rock
Phosphate and Algerian Rock Phosphate due to following
reasons-
High P2O5 due to which low rock consumption / ton of NP
production
Low silica contents increases plant on- stream hours and less
erosion
Ideal particle size distribution
No adverse affect observed while testing this rock phosphate
Choice of Phosphate rock
38.
39. CN centrifuges were used for separation of CN crystals from
mother liquor solution
Very high failure rate due to which they have high maintenance
and operational cost
The common maintenance problems were damaging of the
separation screens, damaging of solution pusher ring and oil
leakages due to vibrations
These screens were replaced with slow moving rotary filter
drums. Double filtration technique was adopted successfully in
the year 1996 with Komline Sanderson filter drum of USA.
CN Centrifuge design
improvements
40. Urea solution is added in first dissolving reactor to
control NOx in off –gases
Urea solution addition started in the year 2005 in
dissolving reactors
Now, Nox emission in stack < 10 ppm before urea
addition it was 200 ~ 300 ppm.
Urea Control system