This document discusses strategies for sustainable development in Ethiopia through observing traditional top-down and newer bottom-up approaches. It examines the solar-powered city of Masdar in the UAE as a potential model and also looks at challenges around Ethiopia's growing population, scarce resources, and solar energy potential. Bottom-up community-led projects in Rema, Ethiopia demonstrate how localized solutions incorporating solar technology, improved agriculture, and vocational training can help meet basic needs.

1. SUSTAINING ETHIOPIA
WHEN TOP-DOWN MEETS BOTTOM-UP
NICOLÒ FENU
RONALD YEARWOOD

2. 50 years from now, oil will be a scarce resource,
one too valuable to depend on as we do today. No
longer can we fall back on old systems when plan-
ning for future developments.

3. Fifty years from now, oil will be a scarce resource,
one too valuable to depend on as we do today. No
longer can we fall back on old systems when plan-
ning for future developments.
This can be achieved by observing and learning from
the current methods of development implementation,
primarily between traditional, Top-Down practices
versus the new-age, Bottom-Up strategies.

4. INTRODUCTION
TOP-DOWN
BUTTOM UP

5. MASDAR CITY
Masdar is thus facing the two biggest challenges of
the 21st century: climate change and the ever grow-
ing demand for resources and energy

6. MASDAR CITY
Masdar is thus facing the two biggest challenges of
the 21st century: climate change and the ever grow-
ing demand for resources and energy
- 22 billion dollars
- university and research institute
- 50000 inhabitants
- 50000 workers communting every day

7. MASDAR CITY

8. MASDAR CITY

9. MASDAR CITY

10. MASDAR CITY
The slogan of the enterprise claims
One day all cities will be built like this!
A role model for the world?
Eco-exclusion?

11. ETHIOPIA

12. ETHIOPIA POPULATION A
population 2012: 84’320’987
population growth rate: 3.194%
population 2030: 130’000’000

13. AFRICA SOLAR MAP
AFRICA SOLAR MAP FILTER GROWING PERIOD
FILTER_LENGTH OF GROWING PERIOD
FILTER INFRASTRUCTURE
2000 KM

14. ETHIOPIA SOLAR MAP ETHIOPIA SOLAR MAP FILTER WATER
FILTER_WATER
FILTER_SOLAR
As of September 2006 , y
!!!
((((
((((
Wad Rawah Adi Guadad
ETHIOPIA_ATLAS_A3LC.WOR
(((( ((((
((((
(((( ((((
Kilo 26 ((
Elit
(
!!!
!!! Dekemhare Bajil ((((
((((
YEMEN
((((
Kasha El Girba Tesseney Barentu Adi Ugri !!
!!!
ynah Adi Caieh SUDAN
ERITREA
((((
Al Hudaydah
((((
((((
!!!
!!! !!! Ghayl Ba Wazir
((((
((((
(((( Rufaah !!
Ash Shihr ((((((((((((
Shagarab I, II, III
Blue
!!!
!!! Dhamar Al Mukalla
Legend
Um Gargour !!!
!!!
Bayt al Faqih ((((
((((
Nile
((((
Al Hawtah
ad Madani Fau 5 Es Showak Shiraro
((((
((((
!!!!
!! ((((
((((
((((
((((
Abuda Yarim
Adigrat
((((
((((
l !!!!!! ((((
Mayfa'ah
((((
((((
((((
Shimelba !
!!!
((((
((((
(((( Adwa Zabid ((((
((((
((((
Wad El Hileau
((((
((((
((((
Gedaref !!!
!!! Aksum
aym ((((
((((
(((( Hajj Abd Allah !!!
!!! Ibb Al Bayda !!!
!!!
Awad El Seid Wikro ((((
((((
(((( 6.5 - 7.0 kWh/m2/day
Lawdar ((((
((((
((((
Sannar (((((((( Fath El Rahman !!!
!!
((((
kilo 7 Mekele !!!
!!
((((
((((
(((( Al Hawatah Taizz
Es Suki ((((
((((
((((
((((
((((
(((( Al Quwaysi Shaqra ((((
((((
((((
Sinjah ((((
(((( Debark
6.0 - 6.5 kWh/m2/day
((((
((((
(((( ( ((
Lahij ((((
((((
Assab
((((
!!!
!!!
((((
((((
(((( Maychew Al Kharaz Ghadir ((((
((((
((((
!!!!!
!!!! Aden
!!!
!!! Gonder Basatine
5.5 - 6.0 kWh/m2/day
DJIBOUTI
((((
((((
(((( !!!
!!! Debre Tabor Weldiya !!!
!!
Damazin
Tendaho ((((
((((
( ((
((((
((((
(((( Bahir Dar DJIBOUTI
5.0 - 5.5 kWh/m2/day
Mankush Dangila ((((
((((
((
Hol-Hol ((((
((((
((((
Bossasso
ETHIOPIA Dese !!
!!! Ali-Addeh
Bumbudie / Yarenja
Finote Selam
((((
((((
( 4.0 - 4.5 kWh/m2/day Erigavo ((((
((((
((((
Kurmuk
!!!
!! Berbera
Sherkole !!!
!!! !!!
!!! Debre Markos
Debre Eliyas
Assosa
((((
((((
(((( Debra Sina
!!!
!!! Mendi !!
!!! Fiche
!!!
!! Debre Birhan
SOMALIA
!!!
!! Dire Dawa !!!
!! Hargeisa !!!
!!! Burco
Burao ((((
((((
(((( Qardho
UDAN Begi ((((
((((
((((
Gimbi ((((
((((
((((
!!!
!!!
Ano Adis Alem
Harar !!!
!!
!!!
!!! Jijiga
Kebribeyah
Nekemte ((((
((((
!!!
ADDIS ABABA
((((
!!!
!!!
!!!
Agere Hiywet ((((
((((
(((( Akaki Beseka
Debre Zeyt !!!
FILTER LANDUSE
!
r Mojo ((((
((((
((((
!!!
!!! Dembi Dolo !!! Giyon ((((
((((
Nazret
Pagak !!! (((
Garowe
Gambella Degeh Bur
Bonga
((((
((((
((
!!!
!!! Gore Butajera ((((
((((
(((( FILTER_LAND USE
Fugnido Jima ((((
((((
((((
Pochalla g
g Shashemene ((((
((((
(
Mizan
or g
g ((((
((((
( Galcaio
Dimma
Hobyo ((((
((((
((
Kapoeta Belet Weyne ((((
((((
(
Lokichoggio
Buulo Barde ((((
((((
((((
Luug ((((
((((
((((
Kakuma
UGANDA KENYA 100 KM 200 KM
Kitgum
((((
((((
d names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Sources: UNHCR, UNDP Somalia, University of Bern, Global Insight digital mapping - © 1998 Europa Technologies Ltd.

15. MAPPING
R
FILTER GROWING PERIOD
FILTER_WATER
FILTER_SOLAR
FILTER_LENGTH OF GROWING PERIOD
, y
ERITREA
GROUNDWATER AVAILABILITY
DURING DROUGHT
ETHIOPIA_ATLAS_A3LC.WOR
LOW
SUDAN
a Wazir
Blue
Nile
DJIBOUTI
Regional boundary
River
HIGH No data (lakes)
Legend
LAKE
SOMALIA
6.5 - 7.0 kWh/m2/day
6.0 - 6.5 kWh/m2/day
5.5 - 6.0 kWh/m2/day
5.0 - 5.5 kWh/m2/day
Legend
4.0 - 4.5 kWh/m2/day < 25 %
< 60 days
Climate suitability
25 - 75 % 61 - 120
120 - 180
> 75
so 181 - 140
241 - 300
> 300 days
KENYA
100 KM 200 KM
100 KM 200 KM
100 KM 200 KM
source: UN-OCHA
FILTER INFRASTRUCTURE
USE
FILTER_LAND USE
Legend
Shrubland
Barren
Shrub/Barren
Savanna: Pasture/C
Cropland/Woodland
Dry Cropland
Grassland
Shrubland/Grassland
Deciduous Forest
Europa Technologies Ltd.
Evergreen Forest
Water
100 KM 200 KM
Developed Area

16. REMA_ETHIOPIA

17. REMA_ETHIOPIA
- 5500 inhabitants
- 1100 tukuls
- 1 vocational school
- 1 water pump

18. CAPITAL/INSTITUTIONS E

19. EDUCATION/VOCATIONAL SCHOOL

20. ECONOMY T
REMA : SOLAR BAR
NEW LARGER SOLAR PANEL
ORIGINAL SOLAR PANEL
ELECTRICAL
CONTROL BOX
REFRIGERATOR

21. TECHNOLOGY

22. TECHNOLOGY

23. SOLURBIA

24. STOCK AND FLOWS
History and Model – Metabolism: Rogers, Baccini,
Oswald
Urban Metabolism (source: Richard Rogers, Cities for a Small Planet, 1996)

25. STOCK AND FLOWS
PEOPLE
ENERGY
WATER
MATERIAL
CAPITAL
SPACE
INFORMATION