A femtocell is a small, low-power cellular base station designed for home or small business use, improving indoor mobile network coverage and capacity. It connects to service providers' networks via broadband, benefits users with reduced call charges and improved coverage, and has a design capacity for multiple users. Femtocells operate on a 'hard handover' method for calls and can be classified based on connectivity and access capabilities, with a focus on ease of installation and lower maintenance compared to traditional cellular towers.

1. SIDHARTH P U
S5 MCA(Lateral)
FISAT

2.  Introduction
 What is femto cell?
 concept
 History of femtocell
 Femtocell working
 System Architecture
 Handover operation
 Classification of femtocell
 Design of Femtocell
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion

3. A femtocell is a small, low-power cellular base station,
typically designed for use in a home or small business.
The main aim of femtocell is to improve coverage and
capacity of a mobile network by allowing service
providers to extend service coverage indoors, especially
where access would otherwise be limited or unavailable.

4.  A femtocell is a small cellular base station
designed for use in residential or small business
environments
 A femtocell allows service providers to extend
service coverage inside of your home - especially
where access would otherwise be limited or
unavailable - without the need for expensive
cellular towers
 A femtocell is sometimes referred to as a “home
base station” or “access point base station” or
“small cellular base station”

7.  The first interest in femtocells started around
2002 when a group of engineers at Motorola were
investigating possible new applications and
methodologies that could be used with mobile
communications.
 A couple of years later in 2004 it become popular.
 Femto Forum was set up in July 2007. Its aim
was to promote the wide-scale adoption of
femtocells.

10.  Mobile station
 Radio network subsystem :
collection of nodes(towers) and Radio
Network Controller(RNC).
 RNC :
The Radio Network Controller (or RNC) is a
element in the
UMTS radio access network(UTRAN) and is
responsible for controlling the Node that
are connected to it.
(UTRAN is a collective term for the network and equipment that
connects mobile handsets to the public telephone network or the
Internet.)

11.  Home NodeB (HNB): –
Connected to an existing residential network to broadband
and HNB provides radio coverage for standard handsets within a
home. ( Femto cell)
 Security gateway :
Decides whether the network request accept or not.
 Home Node subsystem Magt Subsystem(HMS) :
Holds requests for later processing
 HNB Gateway (HNB-GW):-
The femtocell gateway, comprising a security gateway that
terminates large numbers of encrypted IP data connections
from hundreds of thousands of femtocells.

12.  VLR :
The Visitor Location Register (VLR) is a
database in a mobile communications
network associated to a Mobile Switching
Centre (MSC). The VLR contains the
exact location of all mobile subscribers
currently present in the service area of the
MSC.
 HSS :
The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) is
the master user database that handles
calls and sessions.

13.  Femtocell Handover
Femtocells do not implement soft handover, regardless of the
radio technology used. Instead, all calls are switching instantly
to or from the femtocell and the external outdoor cellular
network. This is known as “hard handover” and would typically
not be audible or noticeable to the caller.

14.  Based on connection capability
 Open femto BS
Provides bearer connectivity (full network
services) to any MS
 Closed femto BS
Only provides bearer connectivity to allowed
(identifiable) MSs

15.  Based on initial access information
capability
 Initial access able femto BS
Provides initial access information for any MSs
connected to it.
 Initial access unable femto BS
Not allow to provide initial access information

16.  Low-impact –
Space may be limited for some households. As a
result femtocells must be physically small and easy
to position.
 Capacity –
femtocells have a design “capacity” of up to 6 end-
user.
 Low-cost
 Energy offset- Lower power consumption
 Easy end-user installation-
 femtocells will be installed by consumers and activated through
service providers. From the end-user perspective the unit must
be a simple “plug and play” installation with a minimal amount
of intervention required.

17.  Femtocell Benefits to End Users
Reduced “in home” call charges
Improved indoor coverage
Continued use of current handset
 Femtocell Benefits to Mobile Operators
Improves coverage
low maitanance cost( compared to towers)

18.  A Femtocell is used for compensating poor cellular
coverage inside the homes – in some places.
 A Femtocell can also give lower call charges while the
caller calling from home, using the Femtocell as it
directly connects to the core network through the
internet.
 The voice calls/data calls through the Femtocells are
encrypted and the cell phones automatically switches over
to the Femtocells when they come in their range – eg. in
homes, where they are installed.
 Security (There is a security tunnel which provides data
transmission from the home network to the security
gateway.)

19.  Some internet data plans today, charge on the basis of bandwidth
used.
 Femtocells can support both open and closed usage. That is
neighbouring subscribers may or may not be allowed to connect to
them. If they are, then the access control list needs to be managed by
the cellular network.
 If the Femtocells are used to their full capacity, it may require
around 500 Kbps – which is available in broadband networks – but not
for all plan.
 At least initially, the Femtocells would work for only a particular
cellular operator. So, every one at home may require to change to the
same operator.
 Limited number of users.

20.  Femtocell is as an Access Point Base Station—is a small
cellular base station, typically designed for use in
residential or small business environments.
 It connects to the service provider’s network via
broadband current designs typically support 5 to 100
mobile phones in a residential setting.
 A femtocell allows service providers to extend service
coverage indoors, especially where access would otherwise
be limited or unavailable.
 Unsatisfactory coverage and the increasing number of
high-data-rate application are two driving forces for
femtocell development.