FEED WATER TREATMENT
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This document summarizes different methods of feed water treatment for steam boilers. It discusses mechanical filtration to remove large particles, chemical treatment to remove dissolved chemicals through coagulation or dispersion, thermal treatment, and demineralization. Mechanical filtration traps particles on filters but does not remove dissolved chemicals. Chemical treatment conditions sludge through coagulation with alkalis and phosphates or dispersion with phosphates and dispersants. Demineralization removes mineral ions through ion exchange, resulting in purified water. The document provides an overview of various feed water treatment methods used to purify water before steam generation in boilers.
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FURROW Method
This document discusses furrow irrigation methods. It describes furrows as small channels that carry water down land slopes between crop rows, allowing water to infiltrate into the soil. Furrow irrigation is suitable for row crops and crops that cannot stand water for long periods. The document outlines the advantages of furrow irrigation as high water efficiency, adaptability to most soils, and relative ease and low cost of installation and maintenance. It also notes some disadvantages, such as requiring skilled labor and posing hazards to machinery operation. The document then describes different types of furrow irrigation methods, including level furrows, graded straight furrows, graded contour furrows, and corrugations.
Type of Irrigation
This document is a seminar presentation on types of irrigation submitted by Devadharishini (22219971). It defines irrigation as supplying water through artificial means for crop production. The main types of irrigation discussed are surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and drip irrigation. Surface irrigation involves applying water over the soil surface using gravity. Sprinkler irrigation distributes water into the air through sprinklers similar to natural rainfall. Drip irrigation drips water at low rates directly to plant roots through a network of small diameter pipes and emitters.
Crop Water Requirement
This document discusses crop water requirement and the factors that influence it. Crop water requirement includes transpiration, evaporation, water used for plant metabolism, and other losses. It varies based on crop type and growth stage, soil properties, climate, and agricultural management practices. The net irrigation requirement is the amount of water needed to bring the soil to field capacity, while the gross irrigation requirement includes net requirement plus losses from application and conveyance. The irrigation period is the number of days needed to apply one irrigation during peak water use, and crops have critical stages when moisture stress can severely impact yields.
cim
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the technology concerned with using computer systems to assist in creating, modifying, analyzing, and optimizing designs. CAD allows designers to create 2D drawings and 3D models of designs. It incorporates computer graphics concepts, design tools, and geometric modeling capabilities. The design process is iterative, checking the suitability of the design through identifying problems, searching for solutions, developing solutions, and testing. Solid modeling in CAD creates complete 3D models that include internal and external details to access information for analysis, manufacturing, and quality control. CAD provides benefits like increased productivity, more focus on creativity, easier data sharing, reduced preparation time and costs, and ability to evolve better designs.
PAHL AND BEITZ
This document summarizes the Pahl and Beitz model of the conceptual design process. It discusses the steps and deliverables involved in the Pahl and Beitz design process. The document explains that Pahl and Beitz introduced a systematic method for conceptual design in 1977. It identifies the key deliverables that mark milestones between design phases, as well as intermediate deliverables used within phases and evolving design documentation contained within a single phase. Finally, it thanks the audience for their time.
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FEED WATER TREATMENT
- 1. SENTHUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 4020520/THERMIAL ENGINEERING II SEMINAR PRESENTATION Submitted by SIRANJIVIRAM.M (22216402) Seminar Topic FEED WATER TREATMENT
- 3. What is mean by the feed water treatment ? • Natural water contains solids liquid and geseous impurities,hence this water cannot be used directly for steam generation in the boilers • The impurities peresent in the feed water should be removed before it is supplied to the boiler • It is necessary to remove the impurities of the natural water . • If the natural water is supplied to the boiler without filtration • It will cause damage to the boiler • It generates the corrosion,rust,poor heat transfer and causic embrittliement
- 4. Types of feed water treatment • MECHANICAL FEED WATER TREATMENT • CHEMICAL FEED WATER TREATMENT • THERMAL FEED WATER TREATMENT • DEMINERALISATION
- 5. Mechanical feed water treatmet • In mechanical feed water treatment, untreated water passes through a mesh filter or cartridge that traps suspended particles on the surface or within the filter. • • Mechanical water filters mostly remove larger suspended material from water, including sand, silt, clay, loose scale, and organic matter. • These filtration systemsdo not remove dissolved chemicals or very small particles. • When used in combination with other water treatment equipment (as is often the case), they can be helpful in removing dissolved or very fine particles. For example, they can remove iron, manganese, or hydrogen sulfide after they are converted from dissolved to particulate states by a separate oxidation treatment water systeminstalled before the mechanical filtration unit.
- 6. CHEMICAL FEED WATER TREARMENT • There are two general approaches to conditioning sludge inside a boiler: by coagulation or dispersion. When the total amount of sludge is high (as the result of high feed-water hardness) it is better to coagulate the sludge to form large flocculent particles. This can be removed by blow-down. The coagulation can be obtained by careful adjustment of the amounts of alkalis, phosphates and organics used for treatment, based on the fee- water analysis. When the amount of sludge is not high (low feed water hardness) it is preferable to use a higher percentage of phosphates in the treatment. Phosphates form separated sludge particles. A higher percentage of organic sludge dispersants is used in the treatment to keep the sludge particles dispersed throughout the boiler water.
- 7. DEMINERALISATION • Demineralization is the process of removing minerals ions from HA crystals of hard tissues, for example, enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone. Restoring these mineral ions again to the HA crystals is called remineralization • In demineralization, cations in the feed water are exchanged for hydrogen (H+) ions and cations are exchanged for hydroxyl (OH–) ions. The result is water: H+ + OH-OH → H2O. In general, demineralization IX systems are available in either two-bed or mixed- bed configurations
- 8. THANK YOU