This document presents information about various secondary tillage implements used in farming. It discusses the power harrow, which has two oscillating arms with staggered pegs that break up and smooth soil. The ridger is used to form ridges for row crops and channels. A leveller modifies land contours for efficient irrigation, drainage, and erosion control. Cultivators are used for inter-row cultivation, stirring soil, breaking clods, destroying weeds, aerating soil and conserving moisture. Important functions of cultivators include inter-cultivation, weed removal, soil aeration, mulch preparation, seed sowing, and preventing surface evaporation.

1. SENTHUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
DEPARTMENTCONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
4023520 / FARM MACHINERY
SEMINAR PRESENTATION
Submitted by
S E M I N A R T O P I C
P O W E R H A R R O W
S U B M I T T E D B Y
D E V A D H A R I S H I N I
( 2 2 2 1 9 9 7 1 )

2. Introduction
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Secondary tillage consists of conditioning
the soil
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objectives
to meet the different tillage
of the farm. These operations
consume less power per unit area compared
to primary tillage operations.

3. Objective Secondary Tillage
Implements
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• Improve soil tilt and prepare a
seedbed.
• Manipulate plant residues and farm
wastes.
• Manage water and air in the soil
Control weeds and soil-borne
insects pests and diseases.
• Establish a surface layer which
prevents wind and soil erosion.
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4. Reciprocating power
harrow
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• It is a harrow fitted with rigid tynes driven by the power
take off in a reciprocating, transverse or rotary motion as
the machine moves forward.
• It has two horizontal oscillating arms having staggered
pegs in two rows at 200 mm spacing.
• is an implement for breaking up and smoothing out the
surface of the soil.

5. Ridger
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• It is an implement importantly used to form ridges
required for sowing row crop seeds and plants in
well-tilled soil.
• The ridger is also used for forming field or channels,
earthing up and similar other operations.
• Ridger is also known as ridging plough .

6. Leveller
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• Leveling work is carried out to modify the existing
contours of land so as to achieve certain objectives
desired for efficient agricultural production system.
• These objectives include:
• (i) Efficient application of irrigation water,
improved surface drainage, (iii) minimum
(ii)
soil
erosion (iv) increased conservation of rain water
specially on dry lands and (v) provision of an
adequate field size and even topography for efficient
mechanization.

7. CULTIVATORS
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• It is an implement for inter cultivation with laterally
adjustable tines or discs to work between crop rows.
• The cultivator stirs the soil, and breaks the clods.
• The tines fitted on the frame of the cultivator comb the
soil deeply in the field.
• A cultivator performs functions intermediate between
those of plough and the harrow.
• Destruction of weeds is the primary function of a
cultivator

8. Important functions performed by a cultivator
1. Intercultural the fields.
2. Destroy the weeds in the field.
3.Aerate the soil for proper growth of crops.
4. Conserve moisture by preparing mulch on
the surface.
5. To sow seeds when it is provided with
sowing attachments.
6. To prevent surface evaporation and
encourage rapid infiltration of rain water into
soil.
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