Federalism in India has three levels of government - central, state, and local. Key features include each level having its own jurisdiction over certain matters as outlined in the Constitution's lists, with the central government having authority over national issues and states having authority over local issues. The Constitution also guarantees the existence and powers of each level of government. India practices cooperative federalism through power sharing between levels of government and respect for state autonomy.

3. A FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS

4. POWER IS SHARED BETWEEN

5. KEY FEATURES OF FEDERALISM
 Two or more levels (or tiers) of government.
Eg: Central government and state
government.
 Same citizens are governed, but each tier
(levels) has its own jurisdiction in specific
matters of legislation, taxation and
administration.
 Existence and authority of each tier of
government is constitutionally guaranteed.

6. KEY FEATURES OF FEDERALISM
 Fundamental provisions of the constitution
cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of
government.
 Courts have the power to interpret the
constitution and the powers of different levels of
government.
 Dual objectives: to safeguard and promote
unity of the country, while at the same time
accommodate regional diversity.
 Sources of revenue for each level of govt. are
clearly specified to ensure its financial
autonomy.

7. TWO KINDS OF ROUTE FOR FEDERATION
FORMATION
‘Coming together’ federations
‘Holding together’ federations

8. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMING & HOLDING
TOGETHER FEDERALISM

9. WHAT MAKES INDIA A FEDERAL COUNTRY?

10. INDIA A FEDERAL COUNTRY
 1. The constitution declared India as the Union
of States.
 2. The Constitution originally provided for a two-
tier system of government, the Union
Government or what we call the Central
Government, representing the Union of India
and the State government.
 3. Later the third tier of federalism was added in
the form of Panchayats and municipalities.

11. WHAT ISSUE OR EVENT DOES THE CARTOON
DEAL WITH?

12. 4. THE CONSTITUTION CONTAINS THREE LISTS
List of Jurisdiction
(i) Union lists
(ii) State lists
(iii) Concurrent lists

13. UNION LISTS
 includes subjects of national importance such as
defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking,
communications and currency.
 The Union Government alone can make laws relating
to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.
Why????
A Uniform policy throughout the India.

14. STATE LISTS
 Contains subjects of State and local
importance such as police, trade, commerce,
agriculture and irrigation.
 The State Governments alone can make
laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the
State List.

15. CONCURRENT LISTS
 Includes subjects of common interest to both
the Union Government as well as the State
Governments, such as education, forest,
trade unions, marriage, adoption and
succession.
 Both the Union as well as the State
Governments can make laws on the subjects
mentioned in this list. If their laws conflict
with each other, the law made by the Union
Government will prevail.

16. RESIDUARY LIST
 Anything out of purview of above mentioned
list is taken as residuary subject.
 Union Government has the power to legislate
on these subjects.

18. WHAT IS THE CARTOON’S MESSAGE?

19. SPECIAL STATUS
 Jammu and Kashmir has its own Constitution.
 Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, which is of
a temporary nature, grants special status to
Jammu and Kashmir.
 Many provisions of the Indian Constitution are
not applicable to this State without the approval
of the State Assembly.
 Indians who are not permanent residents of this
State cannot buy land or house here.
 Similar special provisions exist for some other
States of India as well.

20. WHAT IS THE CARTOON’S MESSAGE?

21. WHAT IS THE CARTOON’S MESSAGE?

22. SPECIAL STATUS
 When Indian Government was merging with Indian
Princely States and foreign ruled territories using
Instrument of Accession, J&K chose to remain
independent, but when Muslim Tribes (allegedly
supported by the government of Pakistan) attacked
Jammu and Kashmir on 6 October 1947, to save his
state Maharaja Hari Singh (the then ruler of J&K)
chose to agree Jammu & Kashmir to join with India,
so that India could help in defending her. The
accession of the state to India is still a matter of
dispute between India and Pakistan , and still on the
agenda of the U.N.Security Council.

23. WHAT IS THE CARTOON’S MESSAGE?

24. HOW IS FEDERALISM PRACTICED?
1. Constitutional provisions are necessary for
the success of federalism but these are not
sufficient.
2. The real success of federalism in India can
be attributed to the nature of democracy
politics in our country.

25. OBSERVE MAP 1

26. OBSERVE MAP 2

27. LINGUISTIC STATES
1. The creation of linguistic states was the first and a
major test for democratic politics in our country.
2. Many old States have vanished and many new States
been created. Areas, boundaries and names of the
states have been changed.
3. In 1947, the boundaries of several old states of India
were changed in order to create new States.
4. This was done to ensure that people who spoke the
same language lived in the same States.
5. Some states were created based on culture, ethnicity,
geography such as Nagaland, Uttarakhand and
Jharkhand.
6. When the demand for the formation of States on the
basis of language was raised, some national leaders
feared that it would lead to the disintegration of the
country.

28. LANGUAGE POLICY
1. The second test for Indian Federation is the language
policy.
2. Our Constitution did not give the status of national
language to any one language.
3. Hindi was identified as the official language.
4. According to the Constitution, the use of English for
official purposes was to stop in 1965.
5. The central government responded by agreeing to
continue the use of English along with Hindi for
official purposes.
6. Promotion does not mean that the Central
Government can impose Hindi on states where
people speak a different language.

29. NEWS PAPER CLIP 1

30. NEWS PAPER CLIP 2

31. WHAT IS THE CARTOON’S MESSAGE?

32. CENTRE-STATE RELATIONS
1. Restructuring the centre-state relations is one more way
in which federalism has been strengthened in practice.
2. In 1990 there was the rise of regional political parties in
many States of the country.
3. This was also the beginning of the era of COALITION
GOVERNMENT at the Centre.
4. Since no single party got a clear majority in the Lok
Sabha, the major national parties had led to enter into an
alliance with many parties.
5. This led to a new culture of power sharing and respect for
the autonomy of State Government.
6. Thus, federal power sharing is more effective today than it
was in the early years after the Constitution came into
force.

33. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CENTRAL AND STATE
GOVERNMENT

34. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CENTRAL AND STATE
GOVERNMENT