International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc
Studies on Electrical and Sensing Properties of Polyaniline / Iron Oxide (-F...IJERA Editor
Polyaniline iron oxide nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ polymerization method. These
nanocomposites were characterized by employing Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM),Thermal study by (TGA).The dc conductivity of prepared nanocomposites was measured as
a function of temperature which shows the strong interaction between Polyaniline and iron oxide nanoparticles
and exhibits semiconducting behavior.Finally, the sensing properties of these nanocomposites are also studied at
room temperature.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
CO2 Capture Using Activated Alumina in Gasoline Passenger VehiclesIJERA Editor
Now a days there is a tremendous change in the climatic conditions due to global warming and greenhouse
gases results in the floods, draughts and famine. Due to increase in the usage of fossil fuels, the emission of
harmful gases into the atmosphere and results in global warming and greenhouse effect. Carbon Dioxide is one
of the major component of Greenhouse gases results in greenhouse effect. Major amount of Carbon Dioxide
releases from the combustion of fossil fuels which are emitting from the Vehicles and Industries. For the control
of the emission of the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere we have chosen for adsorption of Carbon Dioxide
from the exhaust of the gasoline vehicles using Activated Alumina. For this Alumina is phase transformed to
Gamma – Alumina (Activated Alumina) which can adsorb the Carbon Dioxide from the gases and can be
recycled without causing any effect to the neighbouring gases and material used. The gasoline vehicle used for
testing is following the EURO – V emission norms and the Carbon Dioxide content releasing from the vehicle is
reduced to 7.6%.
Influence of Ion Beam and Carbon Black Filler Type on the Mechanical and Phys...Editor IJCATR
Five types of carbon black nanofillers, namely Intermediate Super-Abrasion Furnace ISAF (N220), High-Abrasion Furnace
HAF-LS (N326), Fast Extruding Furnace FEF (N550), General Purpose Furnace GPF (N660) and Semi-Reinforcing Furnace SRF-HS
(N774) were incorporated with butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) in order to improve its physical properties. Young's modulus was
found to increase with nanofiller content. Percolation concentration was detected in mechanical as well as in Physico-chemical behavior.
The experimental values of the normalized Young's modulus fit well with Pukanszky et al. model; taking into consideration the difference
in carbon black-filler type. It is noticed that the characteristic time of swelling in toluene, τ is higher for NBR loaded with 30 phr ISAF
and for the rest of samples it increases with increasing of particle size. Finally oxygen ion beam irradiation for percolative loading NBR
nanocomposites increases Young's modulus nearly by 2-3 times.
Studies on Electrical and Sensing Properties of Polyaniline / Iron Oxide (-F...IJERA Editor
Polyaniline iron oxide nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ polymerization method. These
nanocomposites were characterized by employing Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM),Thermal study by (TGA).The dc conductivity of prepared nanocomposites was measured as
a function of temperature which shows the strong interaction between Polyaniline and iron oxide nanoparticles
and exhibits semiconducting behavior.Finally, the sensing properties of these nanocomposites are also studied at
room temperature.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
CO2 Capture Using Activated Alumina in Gasoline Passenger VehiclesIJERA Editor
Now a days there is a tremendous change in the climatic conditions due to global warming and greenhouse
gases results in the floods, draughts and famine. Due to increase in the usage of fossil fuels, the emission of
harmful gases into the atmosphere and results in global warming and greenhouse effect. Carbon Dioxide is one
of the major component of Greenhouse gases results in greenhouse effect. Major amount of Carbon Dioxide
releases from the combustion of fossil fuels which are emitting from the Vehicles and Industries. For the control
of the emission of the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere we have chosen for adsorption of Carbon Dioxide
from the exhaust of the gasoline vehicles using Activated Alumina. For this Alumina is phase transformed to
Gamma – Alumina (Activated Alumina) which can adsorb the Carbon Dioxide from the gases and can be
recycled without causing any effect to the neighbouring gases and material used. The gasoline vehicle used for
testing is following the EURO – V emission norms and the Carbon Dioxide content releasing from the vehicle is
reduced to 7.6%.
Influence of Ion Beam and Carbon Black Filler Type on the Mechanical and Phys...Editor IJCATR
Five types of carbon black nanofillers, namely Intermediate Super-Abrasion Furnace ISAF (N220), High-Abrasion Furnace
HAF-LS (N326), Fast Extruding Furnace FEF (N550), General Purpose Furnace GPF (N660) and Semi-Reinforcing Furnace SRF-HS
(N774) were incorporated with butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) in order to improve its physical properties. Young's modulus was
found to increase with nanofiller content. Percolation concentration was detected in mechanical as well as in Physico-chemical behavior.
The experimental values of the normalized Young's modulus fit well with Pukanszky et al. model; taking into consideration the difference
in carbon black-filler type. It is noticed that the characteristic time of swelling in toluene, τ is higher for NBR loaded with 30 phr ISAF
and for the rest of samples it increases with increasing of particle size. Finally oxygen ion beam irradiation for percolative loading NBR
nanocomposites increases Young's modulus nearly by 2-3 times.
Synthesis and structural characterization of Al-CNT metal matrix composite us...IOSR Journals
In the present study Carbon nanotube(CNT) reinforced (Al) composite was synthesized by physical mixing method and CNT’s distribution within the matrix was traced and characterized. Ultrasonication was used to disperse the CNTs in Al nano powder followed by magnetic stirring. Samples of different weight percentage of CNT(0.5wt %, 1wt %, 1.5wt %, 2wt % of CNT) were obtained using this technique. Stuructural characteristics of the samples were explored using X-Ray diffraction(XRD),Scanning Electronic Microscope(SEM) and Transmission Electronic Microscope(TEM) technologies. Uniform distribution of CNTs within the matrix and the strength of metal/CNT interface were confirmed from SEM and TEM images. Along with the distribution of CNTs, XRD also validates the phase composition of the composite.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Corrosion Behaviour of 6061 Al-SiC Composites in KOH MediumEditor IJCATR
The present research work deals with the corrosion behaviour of 6061 Al-15% (vol) SiC(P) composites. The addition of the
reinforcement like SiC to Aluminium has been reported to decrease the corrosion resistance of the matrix due to several reasons, one
of them being galvanic action between the reinforcement and the matrix. In the present work, the corrosion behaviour of 6061 Al-15%
(vol) SiC(P) composites in KOH at different concentration (0.5M, 1M, 1.5M) and different temperature (300C, 350C, 400C, 450C, 500C)
was determined by Tafel extrapolation technique. The inhibition action of 8-Hydroxyquinoline on corrosion behaviour of 6061 Al-
15% (vol) SiC(P) composites in KOH at different concentration of inhibitor (200ppm, 400ppm); different concentration of medium
(0.5M, 1M,1.5M) and different temperature (300C, 350C, 400C, 450C, 500C) was investigated. The results indicate that corrosion rate
of Al-SiC composite in KOH increases as the concentration of medium increases and also as temperature of medium increases. The
results indicate that the inhibitor is moderately effective in inhibiting the corrosion of 6061 Al-15% (vol) SiC(P) composites. As the
inhibitor concentration increases, the corrosion rate decreases. The surface morphology of the metal surface was investigated using
scanning electron microscope (SEM). Activation energy was evaluated using Arrhenius equation, and enthalpy of activation and
entropy of activation values were calculated using transition state equation
Synthesis and structural characterization of Al-CNT metal matrix composite us...IOSR Journals
In the present study Carbon nanotube(CNT) reinforced (Al) composite was synthesized by physical mixing method and CNT’s distribution within the matrix was traced and characterized. Ultrasonication was used to disperse the CNTs in Al nano powder followed by magnetic stirring. Samples of different weight percentage of CNT(0.5wt %, 1wt %, 1.5wt %, 2wt % of CNT) were obtained using this technique. Stuructural characteristics of the samples were explored using X-Ray diffraction(XRD),Scanning Electronic Microscope(SEM) and Transmission Electronic Microscope(TEM) technologies. Uniform distribution of CNTs within the matrix and the strength of metal/CNT interface were confirmed from SEM and TEM images. Along with the distribution of CNTs, XRD also validates the phase composition of the composite.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Corrosion Behaviour of 6061 Al-SiC Composites in KOH MediumEditor IJCATR
The present research work deals with the corrosion behaviour of 6061 Al-15% (vol) SiC(P) composites. The addition of the
reinforcement like SiC to Aluminium has been reported to decrease the corrosion resistance of the matrix due to several reasons, one
of them being galvanic action between the reinforcement and the matrix. In the present work, the corrosion behaviour of 6061 Al-15%
(vol) SiC(P) composites in KOH at different concentration (0.5M, 1M, 1.5M) and different temperature (300C, 350C, 400C, 450C, 500C)
was determined by Tafel extrapolation technique. The inhibition action of 8-Hydroxyquinoline on corrosion behaviour of 6061 Al-
15% (vol) SiC(P) composites in KOH at different concentration of inhibitor (200ppm, 400ppm); different concentration of medium
(0.5M, 1M,1.5M) and different temperature (300C, 350C, 400C, 450C, 500C) was investigated. The results indicate that corrosion rate
of Al-SiC composite in KOH increases as the concentration of medium increases and also as temperature of medium increases. The
results indicate that the inhibitor is moderately effective in inhibiting the corrosion of 6061 Al-15% (vol) SiC(P) composites. As the
inhibitor concentration increases, the corrosion rate decreases. The surface morphology of the metal surface was investigated using
scanning electron microscope (SEM). Activation energy was evaluated using Arrhenius equation, and enthalpy of activation and
entropy of activation values were calculated using transition state equation
Role of Coating in Improving High Temperature Oxidation of SteelIJERD Editor
Oxidation is the major degradation mechanism of failure for various components operating at high
temperature. Protective coatings are used to improve the oxidation resistance of such component. In the present
investigation, Al2O3 and Ni-20Cr coatings have been deposited on SAE431 boiler steel by Detonation Gun
Spraying Method. The oxidation performance of Al2O3 and Ni-20Cr coated as well as uncoated SAE-431 steel
has been evaluated in air under cyclic conditions at an elevated temperatures of 8000C. Al2O3 coating on
SAE431 boiler steel has shown approximately 26% improvement in the oxidation resistance of SAE431 steel
whereas Ni-20Cr coating on SAE431 boiler steel has indicated about 21% improvement in the oxidation
resistance as compared to the uncoated SAE431 boiler steel.
Hydrothermal Assisted Microwave Pyrolysis of Water Hyacinth for Electrochemic...drboon
We develop ‘green’ approach to prepare conductive carbon material from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) powder for use in electrochemical capacitor device. The features on morphology, crystallography and surface functionality were analyzed based on SEM, XRD and FTIR instrumentation, respectively. The electrical conductivities were measured using four-point probe. Electrochemical properties were studied using cyclic voltammetry. SEM analyses indicated the existence of nanoparticles in the carbon samples. XRD analysis showed that carbon sample had sharp peaks indicating crystallite carbon and sylvite. FTIR analysis showed that the carbon have common surface functionalities which also can be found in other conductive carbon samples. The electrical conductivities test showed that the carbon had 0.001–1.5 S cm-1 of conductivity. The shape of the cyclic voltammograms were typical for carbon electrode that use in electrochemical capacitor.
Fabrication of aluminum foam from aluminum scrapIJERA Editor
In this study the optimum parameters affecting the preparation of aluminum foam from recycled aluminum were studied, these parameters are: temperature, CaCO3 to aluminum scrap wt. ratio as foaming agent, Al2O3 to aluminum scrap wt. ratio as thickening agent, and stirring time. The results show that, the optimum parameters are the temperature ranged from 800 to 850oC, CaCO3 to aluminum scrap wt. ratio was 5%, Al2O3 to aluminum scrap wt. ratio was 3% and stirring time was 45 second with stirring speed 1200 rpm. The produced foam apparent densities ranged from 0.40-0.60 g/cm3. The microstructure of aluminum foam was examined by using SEM, EDX and XRD, the results show that, the aluminum pores were uniformly distributed along the all matrices and the cell walls covered by thin oxide film.
Our journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the journal publishes research papers in the fields of science and technology such as Astronomy and astrophysics, Mathematics, Mechanics, Statistics, Health Care & Public Health, Nutrition.
Low grade iron ores are often contaminated with relatively high percentage of different
impurity gangue minerals. The iron ores contaminated with manganese oxide and silica are hardly reducible
and consume more energy in the integrated steel plant. Therefore it is important to estimate and predict the
influence of manganese oxide, silica and temperature on the reduction yield of iron oxide using mathematical
model approach. In the current study, a 23
(three-parameters, two-levels)factorial design is applied on the
gaseous reduction experimental data of mixed oxides (Fe2O3-MnO2-SiO2) to build a linear regression model.
The calculations have been performed using Matlab program. The developed mathematical model indicated that
SiO2 and temperature have positive effect on the reduction yield of iron oxide. On the other hand, MnO2
exhibited the highest negative impact on the reduction yield of iron oxide followed by the interaction coefficient
of MnO2, SiO2 and temperature. The results of the developed mathematical model are fitted to the experimental
reduction data of mixed oxides.
Electrochemical Synthesis of MoO3 Nanoparticles Effect of Temperature Convert...IJERA Editor
MoO3 nanorods were prepared by electrochemical reduction method using the tetra propyl ammonium bromide (TPAB) was structure directing agent in an organic medium viz. tetra hydro furan (THF) and acetonitrile (ACN) in 4:1 ratio and at current density 14mA &18 mA. The reduction process takes place under atmospheric condition over a period of 2 h. Dried sample was calcinated in muffle furnace at 500ºC. The parameters such as current density and concentration of stabilizers were used to control the size of nanorods. The synthesized MoO3 nanorods were characterized by using UV-Visible, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDS and TEM analysis techniques.
Deposition and Characterization of Sisal Fiber Composite Prepare By Iron Oxid...IJERA Editor
Iron oxide synthesized through sintering route. The present research work deals with ferrite composite prepared using chemical reactions. Ferric nitrates and ammonium chloride doped with sisal fiber has been prepared. The comparative studies of ferric oxide were examined through few characterizations. The structural behavior of iron oxide was studied in XRD, FT/IR, TEM and SEM. This behavior showed ferrite nature of the sample.
Simple and Effective Method of the Synthesis of Nanosized Fe2O 3particlesIOSR Journals
Abstract: Nanosized Iron oxide is prepared by using precipitation method from iron nitrate and liquid ammonia. Thermal analysis shows that synthesized iron oxide shows some weight loss and oxide undergoing decomposition, dehydration or any physical change from TGA curve we observe that Iron oxide shows stable weight loss above 4000C. In DTA curve also, there is exothermic and endothermic peak. Which shows phase transition, solid state reaction or any chemical reaction occurred during heating treatment. Morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows particles are nanosized. Further morphology observation by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revels that Iron Oxide has the corundum (Al2O3) structure. Magnetic measurements shows that iron oxide has five unpaired electron and strongly paramagnetic character.
Electrospun Nanofibers Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites, A Trial to Imp...IJAMSE Journal
A comparison between TiO2 nanofibers and carbon nanofibers as fibers reinforced metal matrix composites with respect to mechanical properties improvements have been made in this paper. Al and Mg have been chosen as metal matrices. The used carbon and ceramic nanofibers (Titanium Oxide) were successfully synthesized using electrospinning technique. Various weight percentage of calcined
electrospun TiO2 and carbon nanofibers (1, 3, 5 and 10%) were mixed with metal matrix and fabricated by route of powder metallurgy using High Frequency Induction heat Sintering (HFIHS). Mechanical properties of the sintered composites have been investigated. The manufactured pellets were tested for compression test, hardness and microstructures by the field emission scanning electron microscopes (FESEM), which reveals the homogeneous distribution of nanofibers in the Al/Mg matrices. In addition,
energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was employed to obtain the chemical analysis of each composite. The result shows that, the ultimate compressive strength increased to 415 MPa at 5% TiO2, which is 13.5% more than the pure Al. The hardness increased up to 64% in case of using the ceramic nanofibers as reinforcement. While using CNFs as reinforcement to the Al matrix deteriorates the
mechanical properties.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
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Feasibility Study of Synthesis of Nanostructured Aluminum Nitride Through Sol-Gel Route
1. Mahua Ghosh Chaudhuri Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 4, (Part - 1) April 2016, pp.20-22
www.ijera.com 20|P a g e
Feasibility Study of Synthesis of Nanostructured Aluminum
Nitride Through Sol-Gel Route
Mahua Ghosh Chaudhuri
School of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
I. INTRODUCTION
Aluminum nitride is a wide band gap
semiconductor (6.2 eV) material with high thermal
conductivity, electrical resistivity, break down
voltage and low thermal expansion coefficient [1-
2]. The main applications of aluminum nitride are
in optoelectronics, as substrate and packaging
material in microelectronic devices, as a heat sink
etc. It is also used as SAW sensors owing to its
piezoelectronic properties[3].
Aluminum nitride can be produced by
different synthesis methods like – combustion
synthesis, RF plasma sputtering, metal-organic
chemical vapor deposition, pulse laser ablation
etc.[4] – [10]. However direct nitridation of
aluminum and carbothermal reduction followed by
nitridation (CTRN) of alumina are conventional
techniques for the synthesis of aluminum nitride.
Aluminum nitride powder with uniform particle
size can be produced by CTRN process and this
improves the sinterability of the material.
Moreover, AlN produced by this method is also
very pure and stable against humidity. But the main
problem with CTRN process is that it requires very
high temperature of 1400 - 18000
C and
considerably long reaction time. AlN has been
prepared form Al2O3 and carbon by Forslund and
Zheng at 16000
C after 4 hours of heat treatment in
an elevated nitrogen pressure of 0.5 MPa [11].
Spherical Al2O3 particles are reduced and nitrided
to spherical AlN by a gas mixture of NH3 and C3H8
at 15000
C [12]. Here in this paper a we report a
method of synthesis of aluminum nitride by the
carbothermal reduction followed by nitridation of
alumina gel.
II. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
Aluminum isopropoxide (98%) and
dextrose are used as the precursor of aluminum and
carbon respectively. Aluminum iso propoxide and
dextrose are mixed in 100 ml of water and
hydrolyzed for 2 hours at 800
C. After obtaining the
white precipitate of bhoemite 0.016 moles of conc.
nitric acid is added in the solution and peptized for
46 hours at 800
C under constant stirring. The
resultant solution is left in a beaker for 7 days to
get alumina gel. The molar composition of the
alumina gel thus prepared is aluminum
isopropoxide: water is 1: 100 containing 200% of
excess stoichiometric dextrose required for the
carbothermal reduction of alumina. Dried gel
samples are heat treated in a PID controlled
furnace. The temperature of furnace was raised to
12000
- 13500
C and held at that temperature for 3
hours. After attaining the heat treatment
temperature one gel sample is placed in a charcoal
boat and pushed at the hot zone of the furnace. The
heat treatment is carried out in nitrogen
atmosphere. The heat treated samples are ground in
an agate mortar and passed through 300 mesh
sieve. XRD patterns of the powdered samples were
recorded using Rigaku Ultima III X-Ray
deffractometer with Cu Kα radiation in a
continuous scan mode from 200
- 800
. The powder
sample is placed on a conducting carbon tape and
FESEM (Hitachi made, Model no. S - 4800) is used
to observe the morphological details of the phases
present. FTIR is carried out to using Shimadzu
spectrometer (model: Prestige 21). A small amount
of ground sample is mixed with KBr and a pellet is
formed. The spectrum is obtained over 4000 – 450
cm-1
at room temperature. The spectrum of pure
KBr is used as the back ground.
III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Fig. 1(a) – 1(c) is the XRD pattern of the
sample heat treated at 1200, 1300 and 13500
C for 3
hours in argon atmosphere with prior repeated
evacuation and purging with nitrogen gas. Alumina
is partially converted to aluminum nitride and the
XRD pattern shows presence of both alumina and
aluminum nitride peaks when heat treated at
12000
C. Complete conversion of alumina to
aluminum nitride is achieved both at 1300 and
13500
C and only aluminum nitride peaks are
observed in the corresponding XRD pattern.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN
ACCESS
2. Mahua Ghosh Chaudhuri Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 4, (Part - 1) April 2016, pp.20-22
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Fig. 1(a): XRD pattern of the sample heat treated at
12000
C for 3 hours in nitrogen atmosphere.
Fig. 1(b): XRD pattern of the sample heat treated at
13000
C for 3 hours in nitrogen atmosphere.
Fig. 1(c): XRD pattern of the sample heat treated at
13500
C for 3 hours in nitrogen atmosphere.
Fig. 2 is the FESEM image of the sample heat
treated at 13500
C for 3 hours in nitrogen
atmosphere with prior evacuation followed by
purging with nitrogen gas. The image shows
agglomerated particles of aluminum nitride
(confirmed by XRD). The size of the nanoparticles
is in the range of 20- 50nm.
Fig. 2: SEM micro image of the sample heat treated
at 13500
C for 3 hours in nitrogen atmosphere.
Observations based on FESEM and XRD
analyses are further confirmed by FTIR
spectroscopic analysis. Fig. 3 shows the IR
spectrum of the sample with 200% excess dextrose
gel heat treated at 13500
C for 3 hours under a
constant flow of nitrogen with prior evacuation of
the furnace followed by purging with nitrogen gas.
The IR strong absorption band at 705 cm-1
correspond to the characteristics absorption bands
of Al – N [13] and this confirms the formation of
AlN. The weak band present at 3423 cm-1
corresponds to H – O bond.
Fig. 3: FTIR spectrum of the sample heat treated at
13500
C for 3 hours in nitrogen atmosphere.
IV. CONCLUSION
Aluminum nitride can be synthesized by the
heat treatment of alumina gel in nitrogen
atmosphere at a minimum temperature of
13000
C.
Morphology of aluminum nitride produced is
spherical with a particle size of 20 – 50nm.
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ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 4, (Part - 1) April 2016, pp.20-22
www.ijera.com 22|P a g e
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