Fashion society and culture

FASHION
Fashion is a popular aesthetic expression at a particular time and place and in a
specific context, especially
in clothing, footwear, lifestyle, accessories, makeup, hairstyle, and body proportions.

Fashion for me
Beauty,Self-expression,Self confidence
These three words that can used to describe fashion and
these words,among many more,are the soul purpose why
fashion has such a huge impact on many lives,including
my own.
For me fashion is about everything we do in our daily life
to update ourself with the society and the modern world.
Fashion is the language through which we communicate
our style our make up,body language.
Fashion means to me so much more than making money
off a collection,or being on the cover vouge,but it means
the experimentation to find how you truly want to
express yourself and how confident you feel once you find
the perfect combination of clothing.
“Fashion is about something that
comes from within you’’

FACTORS INFLUENCING FASHION
• Environmental factors
• Cultural factors
• Social factors
• Economical factors
• Political factors
• Technological factors
• Custom and traditions
• Religion
• Class strata
• Sports
• Music
• Designers
• Creative explorations
Fashion trends influenced by several
factors, including cinema, celebrities,
climate, creative explorations,
innovations, designs, political,
economic, social, and technological.
Examining these factors is called
a PEST analysis.

Japan kimonos
Traditions and religion
Muslim women
Buddhist monk
Fashion and culture
We live in a society which is a mix of
people with different mind
set,different opinion and different
mentality.Not everyone has the same
mindset on a particular topic but
when it comes to fashion,the society
becomes more active and somehow
we feel restricted.Sometimes the
character of a person is judged by his
clothing.The surroundings that we
live in the occasion we are going for
the place,everything has an effect on
the fashion.Society influences our
decision to wear a particular fashion.

Psychological Association with Fashion
• Clothes make the man – Individuality Expression
• Reflects attitude & Casts impression
• Transmitting information about Social Identities
• Colors of a dress
• Derive for muscularity
• Occasions
• Roles in life
• Activities
• Tattooing Individuality of Expression
Eye make up,Hair colour,tattoo and pearcing

Attitude & Impressions Social Identity & Common Identity
casual
classy
FormalIndividualastic
Doctor Pulish
Judge chef

STYLE - A Particular dasign,shape or type of apparel item.The style of the garment is
determined by the distinct features that create its overall
appearance.(eg.Chic,street,fusion,rococo etc)
Difference between style and fashion
Fashion come and go,style is always here in same form.
Fashion is over quickly ,whereas style is forever.
APPAREL AND GARMENTS
COSTUME-It is the distinctive style of dress of an individual or
group that reflects their class, gender, profession,
ethnicity, nationality or activity or epoch.
Costume can tell audiences where and when something is
taking place, who your character is, what's going on in a
scene, and what is going on in the story. Costumes give your
characters their persona and your story visual depth, so it's not
enough to have your actors wear the clothes they came to set
with.

Michael Jackson’s
Style
Michael Jackson began a fashion
revolution for himself,embracing a
slimmer silhouette,shorter pants,bright
colored socks and most
importantly,sequins.Michael was
beginning to develop the vitiligo and
started on his hand.

CLOTHES
Clothes are the different material to cover and
protect human body from heat ,cold and rain.
Examples-
•Jackets and coats.
•Trousers and shorts.
•Underwear.
•Suits.
•Skirts and dresses..
•Sweaters and waistcoats.

APPAREL CATEGORIES
Formal wear
Casual wear
Street fashion
Sports wear
Beach wear
Ethnic wear
Evening wear
Occasion wear
Work wear
FORMAL WEAR
• Formal dress is the
grouping of all the
dresscodes which govern
clothes worn to formal
events.
• It includes
shirt,coat,trousers and a
tie for men.
• For women,if you go for
Indian formal use saree
or salwar kameez with
plain dupatta and when
choosing western formal
use blouse with formal
trouser or skirt.

CASUAL WEAR
Casual wear is a Western dress
code that is relaxed, occasional,
spontaneous and suited for
everyday use.i.e. it does
not require formal dressing and
can be
worn by all age groups at any time

DENIM WEAR
• Casual attitude
• Style statemen
• Comfortable
• Versatile
• Easy maintenance
• Lasts longer
• Caters to all market segments
• Different looks can be
achieved

STREET FASHION
Streetwear is a style of casual clothing which
became global in the 1990s.It grew from New
York hip hop fashion and eventually
California surfskate culture, to encompass
elements of sportswear, punk and Japanese
street fashion.

SPORTS WEAR
Sportswear is clothing,
including footwear, worn
for
sport or exercise.
Typical sport-specific
garments
include tracksuits, T-shirts,
polo shirts and trainers

BEACHWEAR
Items of apparel or
accessories specifically
for use at the beach is
called Beach wear.

ETHENIC WEAR
It is the adoption of clothing
and accessories derived from
or inspired by native
ornational styles of many
countries or regions.
Ethnic is classic and maintains
the essence of the culture.

EVENING WEAR
It is a term used in retail
industry to refer to clothes
worn primarily in the evening
for formal or informal
occasions.
Examples of outfits
: -Proms, Cocktail
dresses, tuxedos

OCCASION WEAR
Apparel & accessories which
is best suited for a particular
occasion or reason which
could be held either during
day or evening. One
normally does not wear an
occasion wear in their daily
routine.
Example :- Clothes worn at
Wedding, Day picnic,
Birthday party, Award
ceremony, mourning
ceremony or any festival

WORK WEAR
Clothes that are worn by
professionals or by people at
their individual work front.
Comfort and ease being a
primary aspect for work wear
so that it does not hinder their
work.
It also reflects the work
culture & environment.
Example :- Professionals like
Doctors, Lawyers, Police can
be identified with their attire

The defining spirit or mood of a particular period of history as shown
by the ideas and beliefs of the time.
ZEITGEIST
To define the 2020 zeitgeist, we can use three words: 𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗺,
𝗹𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗽𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗰. These words might not immediately make you think of
fashion, but yet they are what is on many people’s mind, which forces fashion
world to yet again adapt and respond.

Stella McCartney's climate credentials bang on trend in Paris
wo decades after the designer launched her brand, the
climate crisis is forcing the fashion industry to accept the
principles of sustainability and respect for the environment
that are central to her beliefs, and McCartney finds herself
promoted from fashion’s fringes to a leadership role.
Environmental activism changes the agenda
If 1960s changed the world by bringing fast
fashion, 2020s are going in reverse by
popularising the slow fashion movement. Ever
since the documentary “The True Cost” came
out in 2015, it has been out in the open: fashion
industry is not sustainable. Then 2019 brought
us climate change protests with Generation Z
becoming a new force expressing their opinions.
Now there is no way back from having
sustainability on the agenda and fashion
industry is quickly filling up with new eco-
conscious buzz words, like “recycling”,
“upcycling”, “carbon footprint”, “resale”, “ethical
fashion”, and many more.

New kind of liberation
Millennials and Generation Z are now getting more and more power in the consumer
space, and they are not there not joke around. They are the representatives of a new
multi passionate workforce that is often self-employed. This often gives them higher
than average disposable income and allows to dictate their own rules. Freedom from
the outdated social constructs, strong opinions and readiness to invest more in the
brands that they believe in and that have a clear mission are what defines them. And
this overarching feeling of freedom is what determines their style choices too.

Pandemic
The definition of 2020 zeitgeist would not be
complete without mentioning the pandemic.
Millions of people have been forced to stay
home and adjust to a new norm. Many had to
start shopping online more, spend more time in
tracksuits and homewear, creating a stronger
need for clothes to be more comfortable and
wearable than ever. The former symbol of air
pollution — face masks — have become our
new must-have. And we all have been forced to
pause. Reflect. Re-evaluate.

Clothing in India is dependent upon the
different ethnicity, geography, climate, and
cultural traditions of the people of each region
of India.
Sabyasachi
Indian Fashion

Paris is one of the fashion capitals of the world .Each year
people flock to paris for fashion week to see the latest
trends.People wear one piece a lot.It is normal to see
people on the same coat almost all winter.
French Fashion

Fashion as indicator of individual and group
Identity

Semiotics of fashion is the study of fashion and how human signify
social and cultural positions through dress.Fashion is a language of
sign that non-verbally converse meaning about individuals or
group.
Fashion through semiotics

Tattooing,piercing
Neck streaching
Dress and ornament
Scarring and Face painting

INDIAN CULTURE
Red lehenga symbolize
prosperity and
fertility,traditional
jwelleries are considered
as the ideal adornment of
the Indian women,hinna
represent
happiness,mangalsutra
symbol of marital status.

Panjabi Bride Marathi Bride Sikh Bride
Bangali Bride Gujrati Bride
Muslim Bride Tamil Bride

Recycling means taking materials from
products you have finished using and making
brand new product with them.
Recycling And Upcycling

Vintage
Denoting something from the past high quality especially
something representing the best of its kind.

Classic
Judge over a period of time to be
the highest quality and
outstanding of its kind

Hipster
A usually a young
person who is trendy
,stylish or progressive
in an unconventional
way;somesone who is
hip.

Carbon Footprint
A carbon footprint is a measure of the impact
our activities have on the environmental,and
in particular climate change.It relate to the
amount of greenhouse gases produced in our
day-by-day lives through burning fossil fuels
for electricity,heating and transportation etc.

Generation Z
Current generation born
(between 1997 to 2012)

Millennials
Millennials,also known as GenerationY,are the demographic cohort
following Generation X and preceding Generation Z.

The act of selling again usually to a new party.

Westwood has long championed anti-consumerism and
climate change cause.Last year she contributed a poster to
visionaire magazine’s open-access protest poster project
that showed the area of the world that will become
unihabitable if global temperatures continue to rise.
Dame Vivienne Isabel Westwood (DBE
RDI) is a British Fashion Designer and
Businesswomen,largely responsible for
bringing modern punk and new wave
fashions into the mainsteam.
Vivienne Westwood
Vibrant spring/summer
2020
Fall 2019 Ready-to-
wear

Identity is one of the most compelling and
contentious concepts in the humanities and
social sciences. Fashion becomes inextricably
implicated in constructions and
reconstructions of identity: how we represent
the contradictions and ourselves in our
everyday lives. Through appearance style
(personal interpretations of, and resistances to,
fashion), individuals announce who they are
and who they hope to become. Moreover, they
express who they do not want to be or
become (Freitas et al., 1997). Appearance style
is a metaphor for identity; it is a complex
metaphor that includes physical features (for
example, skin, bodily shape, hair texture) as
well as clothing and grooming practices.
Because the latter are especially susceptible to
change, they are prone to fluctuating and fluid
ways of understanding oneself in relation to
others within the larger context of fashion
change.
Appearance style visually articulates multiple and overlapping identities
such as gender, race, ethnicity, social class, sexuality, age, national
identity, and personal interests, aesthetic, and politics.
FASHION AND IDENTITY

Appearance style visually
articulates multiple and
overlapping identities such as
gender, race, ethnicity, social
class, sexuality, age, national
identity, and personal interests,
aesthetic, and politics.
Overlapping Identity

How does fashion affect
your identity?
Fashion shapes identity in a multitude of
different ways; from the colors we pick,
to the stores we frequent, who we are is
ingrained in our style. Anything we wear,
from hair dye to tattoos, is apart of our
style. Our individual personalities
influence whether we want to dye our
hair or get a new piercing.

As a form of self-expression, fashion can make us
feel empowered and more in touch with our
inner self. We can feel more confident if the
clothes we are wearing and the way we present
ourselves matches up with our personality,
identify and mood.
Fashion as self-expression

Fashion Culture and
Identity
As a cultural process,fashion is
responsible for locating individuals
within a constantly changing forest
of objects,people,events,styles and
practices to which they relate
,about which they form opinions
and which symbolically help to
locate them within various social
starata and communities.

Gender
expression
Gender expression, or gender
presentation, is a person's
behavior, mannerisms,
interests, and appearance that
are associated with gender in a
particular cultural context,
specifically with the categories
of femininity or masculinity.
This also includes gender roles.
These categories rely on
stereotypes about gender.

Gender and clothing
Such expressions of difference in gender roles and fashionable
appearances of men and women also occur in other historical
periods. Within medieval culture, the display of masculinity and
femininity varied according to class, age, wealth, and nationality.
Clothing, fashionably cut, moved toward overt display of the body
and its sexual characteristics (Breward, p. 32). Interpretations of a
male and female ideal permeated visual and literary
interpretations of the human body.
The male ideal focused upon proportion, strength, nobility, and
grace; the female ideal included diminutive size, delicacy, and
heightened color.

Express your gender the way you
want
How does fashion express
gender?
Fashion is the most obvious
way in which
we express our gender
identity but is not by any
means
the only way. ... Fashion can
allow space for rebellion
from social norms, and space
for experimentation,
something that anyone,
regardless of their gender,
should be open to pursuing.

GENDER FLUIDITY
AND FASHION
Gender fluidity is the ability to freely
and knowingly become one
or many of a limitless number of
genders, for any length of time, at
any rate of change. Gender fluidity
recognizes no borders or rules
of gender.
Gender-fluid fashion refers to breaking
gender barriers and
creating clothing that is inclusive of all
genders such as
male, female, queer, transgender and
more.

Androgynous fashion is a style that
aims to avoid gender stereotypes.
The androgynous, dress or style
themselves to look like neither a
typical boy, nor a conventional girl.

‘Gender Bending Fashion’ at the Museum
of Fine Arts, Boston

=-
Calvin Klein S/S 2018
Tibi S/S 2020

Gucci Spring-Summer 2016
men's collection
An artistic drawing by Mariya Christova,
the Art Director of Men's Fashion Cluster
in Amsterdam, inspired by Gucci models
The 2016 Gucci Catwalk presented a colorful collection of suits
made with floral prints, loose silk, embellishments, bows, and
what not! The genderfluidity of the collection proves how
progressive Gucci is, as a high-end brand.

ROLE OF COLOR
Color is the most well-known stereotype in clothing by gender. When the
socialization of gender happens through clothing, colors become the
catalyst in the process of gendering.
➢ This has changed over the years as designers have now incorporated vivid
colors in male clothing, which had not been seen much after the
Renaissance and Rococo times.
➢ The deconstruction of colored gender stereotypes has been pushed
forward by brands like Gucci. Gucci questioned not just the barriers of
color but also broke the shackles of forms.
Color is a cue that effects how people interact with a child. The response of
others to gender-specific colors of attire encourage what is socially designated as
gender-appropriate behavior by that child (Stone 1962). Stone observed that
dressing a newborn in either blue or pink in America begins a series of interactions.

Patrick Simondac says he owes his success as a content creator to
his Filipino mother,who helped make their American dreams come
true.

Yang has been open about self-identifying as queer and being an advocate for the LGBTQ+ community. This however is
the first time he’s officially come out and been open about his identity. It’s a silent journey, a fluid dance set to music. It’s
a journey through the stages of discovery and acceptance, illustrated by the colors of the pride flag.
Red — Nature. Your childhood
innocence meant for exploration. It’s
also the beginnings of structure and
expectations, being forced to have
limits.
Orange — Nurture. Society and all of its
rules and judgments are thrust in your
face. It’s the time to conform or face the
consequences of being yourself.

Yellow — Love. Finding yourself,
embracing yourself, accepting
yourself.
Green — Community. Along the way
of loving yourself, you find people
that love you as well, where you’re
safe. But unfortunately, the LGBTQ+
community knows that safe spaces
are few and far between, and the
video takes a familiar dark turn.

Blue — Hate. The striking reminder
that you have a very real reason to
fear. People want to destroy you,
from an absolute stranger to the
ones you thought loved you the
most.
Purple — Pride. It’s looking hate and fear in the eye and
moving past it. Hold your head high, put your shoulders
back, and soldier on.

EXPRESSION OF GENDER AND SEXUALITY
THROUGH FASHION

LGBTQ, is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual,
transgender and queer(or questioning).
• The initialism LGBT is intended to emphasize a diversity of
sexuality and gender identity-based cultures.
• To recognize this inclusion, a popular variant adds the letter
Q for those who identify as queer or are questioning their
sexual identity; LGBTQ has been recorded since 1996.

A lesbian is a homosexual woman or a women who
feel sexual attraction to other women.
Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction,
or sexual behavior between members of the same
sex or gender. A man attracted to other man.
Bisexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or
sexual behavior toward both males and females, or to
more than one sex or gender.
A person whose sense of personal identity and
gender does not correspond with their birth sex.
A gender identity label often used by people who do
not identify with being a man or a woman, or as an
umbrella term for many gender non-conforming or
non-binary identities.
LESBIAN
GAY
BISEXUAL
TRANSGENDER
GENDERQUEER

The June 1969 riots at New York City's Stonewall Inn marked a
raucous turning point in the fight for LGBT rights. On a hot summer
night in 1969, police raided the Stonewall Inn, a bar located in New
York City's Greenwich Village that served as a haven for the city's gay,
lesbian and transgender community.

Pride in London is an annual LGBT pride festival and
parade held each summer in London, the Capital of the
United Kingdom. Pride in London celebrates the diversity
of the LGBT community with the colourful Pride in
London Parade, as well as the free festivity events that
take place in Trafalgar Square.

Third Gender
A term for a person who does not identify with either man or woman, but
identifies with another gender. This gender category is used by societies
that recognize three or more genders, both contemporary and historic, and
is also a conceptual term meaning different things to different people who
use it.
Types of third-gender identity
They may describe themselves as transgender, transsexual, gender queer
(GQ), gender fluid, non-binary,gender variant, crossdresser, genderless,
agender, nongender, third gender,bi-gender, trans man, trans woman,
transmasculine and transfeminine.
Gender Expression
The external display of one’s gender, through a combination of how they dress,
how they act and other factors, generally measured on scales of masculinity
and
femininity.
Gender Fluid
A mix of boy and girl. A person who is gender fluid may always feel like a mix of
the two traditional genders, but may feel more man some days, and more
woman other days.

Signage
A gender symbol is a pictogram or glyph used to
represent biological sex and gender in biology or
medicine, in genealogy, or in the sociological
fields of gender politics, LGBT subculture and
identity politics.

Androgynous fashion
Characteristics of androgynous dressing involves
wearing open and loose silhouettes, boxy structures
and also deep, dark colors and fabrics like denim.
The connection of androgynous fashion and LGBTQA
in the past had also made androgyny a stigma
because the latter faced war of opinions always, and
still does today.

Womens wear
Mens wear
Unisex
Runways

History of Androgyny
During the counter-culture revolution in the 1960s
music and fashion industries inspired a trend towards
self-exploration emphasizing individual freedom and
self-realization.
The women’s libration movement of the 1970s refuted
the idea that women were naturally passive ,emotional
and weaker than men.
Men and women a like could dress freely as they
liked,disregarding social norms and culturally
recognized gender roles.
Women’s libration in 1970s
Hippies in 1960s
Punk in 1960s

John Galliano's Fall/Winter 2009-2010 men's collection.
John Galliano
British fashion designer known for his
ready-to-wear and haute-couture
collections for such fashion houses as
Christian Dior, Givenchy, his own label John
Galliano, At present, Galliano is the
creative director of Paris-based fashion
house Maison Margiela.

Unisex clothing / Gender-neutral
clothing
Unisex is where an item of clothing is made in
a way to be considered fit for wear by both
males and females. When the same piece of
clothing is worn by both men and women, it
is gender-neutral or unisex.

Cross-dressing is the act/ practice where a person wears
clothes that are traditionally thought to be worn only by a
person of the opposite sex. Cross-dressing has been
used for purposes of disguise, comfort, and self-
expression in modern times and throughout history.
The term cross-dressing refers to an action or a
behavior, without attributing or implying any specific
causes or motives for that behavior. Cross-dressing
is not synonymous with being transgender.
Cross-dressing

Bobo Calcutta
Founded by Ayushman Mitra, the
designs are heavily influenced by
his art. So there are a lot of quirky
prints and embroideries, which are
a reflection of his art. If you like to
express yourself through your
thoughts.

Kallol Dutta
Known for their fluid silhouettes, Datta’s designs
seem to be
conceptualized while keeping in mind the fabric and
material
and not the consumer’s gender.

Nor Black Nor White
Founded with the vision to revive
traditional Indian arts and
artisans, NorBlack NorWhite marries
age-old textile designs with modern
sensibilities. All of their creations follow
a fluid silhouette and they don’t make
any distinctions in terms of gender.

Anaam
Founded by Sumiran Kabir Sharma, Anaam
breaks rigid gender norms by focusing on
silhouettes and fabrics rather than who will
wear them. The focus is on empowering
people and helping them wear whatever
they like instead of forcing them into boxes.

Bollywood actor Ranveer Singh,
who has championed the cause
of fluidity and never shied away
from experimenting with his style
– be it floral printed suits or
donning a skirt under traditional
Indian sherwani.

ELEMENTS
AND
PRINCIPLES OF
FASHION

There are four
elements of fashion
design:
1. Line
2. Shape and form
3. Color/value
4.Texture.
ELEMENTS OF
DESIGN IN FASHION

LINES
Lines include straight lines, diagonal lines and curve lines etc. It is a basic element of design and refers to a
continuous movement of points in a space. The edges of forms and shapes too create line element.

SHAPES
Basic elements of design like point and line form shapes. A shape
is a two dimensional area that stands out from the space around
it due to variations in contour, colour or material. Shapes can be
geometric or organic.

FORM
Form is the 3-D element of design and has length, width and height. Form can be
organic or inorganic and is enhanced by colour, shade, tone and texture.

COLOUR
Yet another basic element of design enhanced
by hue, value, tints and shades. Colours
decide the mood depending on the
combination. Warm colours consists of shades
obtained from red, yellow and orange. Cool
colours include those obtained from blue,
green and purple. Tints and shades of black
and white from the neutral colour range.

TEXTURE
Textures in design are
both visual and tactile.
Textures are widely
imparted in fashion in
the form of prints,
weaves, and other
surface embellishments.

There are five principles
of fashion design:
1. Proportion and scale
2. Balance
3. Unity (harmony)
4. Rhythm
5. Emphasis.
PRINCIPLES OF
DESIGN

BALANCE
The two types of balance include Symmetric and
Asymmetric balance.

PROPORTIONS
Proportions in design indicate
the relativity of size/quantity of
various elements.

HARMONY
Harmony is achieved through variety
and unity of various elements like
colour, shapes etc.

RHYTHM
Rhythm is achieved with repetition or recurrence of elements of design in fashion
such as line, colour, pleat etc. Draped outfits are always rhythmic as the fabric
flows over the skin.

VARIETY
Variety or alliteration is the
usage of different elements
of design, often
emphasising contrasting
elements.

Emphasis
What your eye is drawn to on any outfit is considered to be
emphasis. It could be anything that you focus on, from a
horizontal stripe, a belt, jewel, or contrasting color.
A point for the eye to rest on for a period of time.
Stephane Rolland Spring/Summer 2012
Couture Collection
24 Jan 2012

F A S H I O N
C A T E G O R I E S

COUTURE (KOO-TURE)
• Couture is a French word that means
“sewing” or “dressmaking.
• French term for business in which original
apparel designs are created by designers &
the items are manufactured in the design
house using exceptionally fine sewing &
tailoring and expensive fabrics.

Elie Saab spring 2019
Couture Collection

Luxury Fashion
•This level includes high quality designer brands.
•Unlike Couture, the garments in Luxury Fashion are produced rather than hand-made,
however they are not mass-produced, so they do still offer the desirability which comes with having limited
availability and finite accessibility.
•The entry prices for Luxury fashion vary per item and depend of the type of product being
purchased, yet due to the nature of how the pieces are made, the price of a luxury garment is not as steep as a
Couture one.
•Ex - Hermes, Gucci, Prada and Burberry,Armani,
Louis Vuitton.

Pret-a-porter
Prêt-à-Porter is high quality, factory made fashion. While Prêt-à-Porter is not necessarily mass produced, it is
available to a wide variety of customers. These collections are made for many customers in different sizes. While
they range in price and quality, the overarching characteristic is that these collections are designed within the
bounds of standardized sizing. These pieces are not meant to fit perfectly or require a tailor. They simply fit the
majority of people fairly well.
Gucci Donna

ATHLEISURE
Athleisure, is the combination of athletics
and leisure and can easily be described as
comfortable clothing,while streetwear
transforms similar products into opinionated
and fashionable statements.

H&M and P.E Nation
1st Athleisure
Collaborations

KNOCK-0FF
• An item of apparel copied from a more
expensive item and generally manufactured
from low-priced components so it can sell
at a lower price. Compare with LINE-For-LINE
COPY and PIRACY

Fashion subcultures are groups organized around or based
upon certain features of costume, appearance, and adornment
that render them distinctive enough to be recognized or defined
as a subset of the wider culture.

Fetish fashion is any style
or appearance in the form of a type
of clothing or accessory, created to be
extreme or provocative in
a fetishistic manner.
These styles are not usually worn by
the majority of people on any regular
basis. They are usually made of
materials such
as leather, latex or synthetic
rubber or plastic, nylon, PVC, spandex
, fishnet, and stainless steel.
Helmut Lang
Spring/Summer 2001
Eva Herzigova modelling Blumarine’s fetish
-style slit skirt,
bandage top, stockings, garter belt and ultra
-high heels.

Cross body
bondage
(elastic)
Fetish
harness
Leg Harness
Belted Choker
Harness

Fetish clothing
• Fetish fashion clothing is often modelled by specialist fetish models.
• Some type of garments that women wear to routinely improve their appearance
are thought of as erotic and qualify as fetish wear: corsets and high heels.
• Most fetish wear is not practical enough for routine daily wear.An example of a
fetish costume worn by women is the dominatrix costume.
• This typically consists of dark or black garments including a corset or bustier,
stockings and high-heeled footwear such as thigh-high boots to enhance the
dominating appearance.
• An accessory such as a whip or a riding crop is often carried.
• They are usually made of materials such as leather, latex or synthetic rubber or
plastic, nylon, PVC, spandex, fishnet, and stainless steel.
• Some fetish fashion items include: stiletto heel shoes and boots, hobble skirts,
corsets, collars, full body latex catsuits, stockings, miniskirt, crotchless underwear,
garters, locks, rings, zippers, eyewear, handcuffs, and stylized costumes.

Latex
Latex has been used to make leotards,
bodysuits, stockings and gloves,
besides other garments.
Latex is also often used to make specialist
fetishistic garments like hoods
and rubber cloaks.
Latex clothing is generally made from large
sheets of latex which are
delivered in rolls. The "classic" colour for
fetishistic latex clothing is black,
but latex is naturally translucent and may be
dyed any colour, including
metallic shades or white.
Kim Kardashian Wears Three Latex Balmain
Ensembles During Fashion Week in Paris

Latex clothing
Latex rubber as a clothing material is
common in fetish fashion and
among BDSM practitioners, and is
often seen worn at fetish clubs.
Latex is sometimes also used
by couturiers for its dramatic
appearance.
Latex clothing tends to be skin-tight.

Use of latex clothing has been popularized by
media appearances,
such as the outfit of Cat woman, a cat burglar, in
Batman Returns or
the outfits in The Matrix which are mostly made
of latex, like popular
celebrities Kim Kardashian, Lady Gaga, Kylie
Jenner, Pamela
Anderson, Shania Twain, Eliza Dushku, and Emma
Watson has
worn latex in publicity events or hangouts.

Rachel Weisz, in a dress by Atsuko
Kudo for Givenchy, took latex on to
the red carpet at the 2019 Oscars
Fetish As Fashion
Over the last forty years there has been as
increasing interweaving of fetish iconography
(harnesses, bondage
gear,latex/leather/rubber,corsets, “cruel
shoes”) into avant-garde and high fashion.
The cultural discourse of fetishism and its
relationship to fashion is clearly explained in
the work of fashion historian Valerie Steele,
whose books Fashion & Eroticism and Fetish
explore fashion as a “symbolic system linked to
the expression of sexuality—both sexual
behavior (including erotic attraction) and
gender identity.”

From Gucci and Givenchy, to
Christopher Kane and Y/Project,
the runways feel kinkier than
ever.
Fashion has never been a stranger to fetish; from Mugler to McQueen, some of the industry’s brightest minds have
experimented heavily with leather, rubber, and bondage codes. Gianni Versace’s seminal AW92 collection –
controversially titled ‘Miss S&M’ – is a prime example. His supermodel-studded cast walked the runway in dog collars,
leather harnesses, and BDSM-inspired bustiers worn over more traditional evening gowns, as part of a show that sharply
dividing the fashion press.
From fetish to fashion: The rise of latex
For more than 50 years,
fetishistic themes and
iconography have
been increasingly integrated
into the changing face of
fashion.
After migrating from battle
trenches to fetish clubs, latex
clothing
now makes the most impact on
catwalks and red carpets.

Street fashion has also been influenced by fetish fashion. By
late 2016 and through 2017 a number of fetish fashion elements
had appeared in ready-to-wear and street wear around the world.
This includes items such as chokers, fishnets, corsets, thigh-high
boots; details such as straps, buckles, pierced ring hardware and
chains; and materials like patent leather and vinyl.

Subculture
and
street influence

SUBCULTURE
• Subcultures develop their own norms and values
regarding cultural, political and sexual matters.
• Subcultures are part of society while keeping their specific
characteristics intact. Examples of subcultures include
punk, hippies, goths, hip-hop etc.

Street art is unofficial and independent visual art created in public locations for public visibility.
Street art is associated with the terms "independent art", "post-graffiti", "neo-graffiti", and guerrilla art.

Street art is an art created on surfaces in
public places like exterior building
walls, highway overpasses, and sidewalks.
• Street art is usually created as a means to
convey a message connected to
political ideas or social notes.
• Not all street art involves painting. It can be
done with stickers spread over
surfaces or by methods like yarn bombing.
Street art can also be done using
stencils, where the creator repeats the image
all over a surface to make a
statement.

The history of street art originated with tagging, or scratching names on public property. Graffiti artists
in the 1970s and 1980s began to inspire people like Keith Haring, who did chalk drawings in the New
York City subway system before rising to prominence in the art world.

What is the purpose of street art?
Street art is one of the most hybrid forms of artistic
expression in our modern world because its purpose is
to draw upon what the viewers know and manipulate
the physicality of the subject to make their point.

Yarn bombing
Yarn bombing is a type of graffiti or street art that employs colourful
displays of knitted or crocheted yarn or fibre rather than paint or chalk. It is
also called wool bombing, yarn storming, guerrilla knitting, kniffiti, urban
knitting, or graffiti knitting.

Who started yarn bombing?
Jessie Hemmons
PHILADELPHIA (AP) — Jessie Hemmons did her first
public “yarn bombing” in 2009, crocheting a 12-
inch cozy around a bike rack in downtown
Philadelphia.
When did yarn bombing start?
Yarn bombing is a fairly new phenomenon in the
street art world, with the earliest examples of it
dating back to as early as 2002, though the term
didn't really start to catch on until around 2005. It
started out as cozies over objects or sewn together
knitted/crocheted materials.
What is the purpose of yarn bombing?
The Purpose of Yarn Bombing
By doing so, they break the routine of the passers-
by, making them stop for a moment to admire the
work or even criticize it. Also, by yarn bombing an
ordinary and usually neglected object, they draw
attention to it, telling a certain story or a joke.

Graffiti is writing or drawings made on a wall or other surface, usually without permission and within public view. Graffiti
ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back
to ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire.
GRAFFITI

The History of Graffiti
These days graffiti is literally
everywhere you turn. You see it on
buildings, in the metro, on pipes,
school hallways and anywhere
there’s a canvas for someone to
make their mark. Varying from
scribbled letters of someone’s name
done in haste to carefully thought-
out pieces that can be described as
art, graffiti has come a long way
from its roots. Once an illegal act of
vandalism, it’s now being thought
of in a more positive light thanks to
the likes of famous street artists like
Bansky (although many cases are
still considered vandalism
depending on where the graffiti is
done). Here’s some insight on the
history of graffiti through the ages.

Graffiti v/s street art
• Street art is usually painted with permission or
commissioned.
• Graffiti is word-based, whereas Street Art is image-
based.
• Graffiti Art is elaborate and figurative graffiti combined
with images.

Street art is influencing design
Print design Album artwork
The album cover for Blur's
Think Tank
Sci-fi mag Starbust takes
inspiration from street art with
this Muppets cover

How is fashion related to art?
Historically, fashion has rarely been elevated to
the same stature as painting, music, sculpture or
architecture. But fashion is one of the purest
expressions of art because it is art lived on a
daily basis. ... Fashion is a manifestation of
human art and communication.

AUTUMN/WINTER 2012-13 BY MANISH ARORA AT PARIS FASHION WEEK

Truck art is a popular form of
regional decoration in the Indian
subcontinent, with Indian and
Pakistani trucks featuring
elaborate
floral patterns and calligraphy.
Pakistani decorated trucks
servicing Afghanistan came to be
known as jingle trucks by
American troops and contractors.

What is Pakistani truck art?
Truck art is a popular form of regional decoration in the Indian subcontinent, with Indian
and Pakistani trucks featuring elaborate floral patterns and
calligraphy. Pakistani decorated trucks servicing Afghanistan came to be known as jingle trucks by
American troops and contractors.

HISTORY
Trucks were introduced in India in the 1940s during World war II. That time
they were used to carry the arms and ammunition. Post Independence
trucks are being used in the transportation business and are an integral part
of the Indian economy.
WHY DO THE DRIVERS DESIGN THEIR TRUCKS?
They drive for long hours and commute across the long distances of the
country, as a result, they end up spending a lot of time in their trucks. Trucks
serve as their home away from home. This is the reason that the drivers treat
their trucks as their homes as well as the place of worship. They decorate
them as newlywed Indian Brides.

DESIGNS AND THEIR MEANINGS
• Trucks in India are a psychedelic display of interesting slogans, colors,
decorative articles, and countless convoluted symbols.They serve as a 3-
dimensional canvas.Truck designs are an amalgamation of the influences
of different religious beliefs and
cultures.
• First, they are painted with the base color.The colors are usually bright
and saturated like yellow, orange, red and the likes.
• The back slogans are usually safety-oriented slogans depicting the use of
a horn or the use of dipper lights at night. At last, they paint the icons or
symbols.These symbols are usually made to embellish the trucks. There
are business name or logos and the numbers of the trucks as well.

Why are Indian trucks decorated?
A hand-painted truck in North India, photographed by Adam Cohn, Flickr. ... They are a rebuttal to the monotony and
isolation of freight truck driving. The decorations starkly distinguish each truck on the road – a small luxury for driver's who
might otherwise become one of many faceless cargo vehicle operators.

Fashion
The lively colors of Pakistani trucks have inspired some fashiondesigners.
The Italian fashion company Dolce & Gabbana used truck art-inspired
displays in a 2015 campaign.
Although used more often on women's fashion, some men’s clothing
have been inspired by South Asian truck art.
A wheeled travel trolley, created by the Phool
Patti team, inspires cultural dialogue between
countries, in an artistic form.

Haider Ali is a Pakistani painter best known for his
work as a truck artist. Around the world, he has
painted murals, structures, benches, and trucks in
the distinctive truck art style of Pakistan. He first
gained international attention in 2002 when he
worked on the first authentic Pakistani truck in
North America for the Smithsonian and has since
exhibited at museums and institutions globally.

Truck Art Painting have now
entered the home space.

Fashion society and culture

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