The farmer needs to cross a river with a wolf, goat, and cabbage, but can only take two at a time in the boat. The wolf will eat the goat and the goat will eat the cabbage if left alone together. The document proposes using Prolog to find the sequence of crossings that gets all four across safely. It describes the initial state with all on the left side and the goal of all on the right side. It notes the possible moves are to take goat, cabbage or wolf across but not leaving wolf with goat or goat with cabbage without the farmer. The solution will make all possible moves and print the path.