This paper examines the optimization of purchasing through the use of Internet based systems (electronic Procurement). The focus of this paper is the impact of these systems on the supply chain structure and how they are able to change the procurement function to a strategic operating resource for the organization. The empirical research information is based upon a study carried out that analyzed the supply chain strategies being adopted by public organizations. Respondents ranged from 100 to state corporations, experienced users of e-procurement systems to those just starting out on their pilot investigations of the contribution of such systems to purchasing efficiency. A significant result from the study was that whilst a large number of organizations were e-procurement adopters, less than half of them believed that procurement had a strategic function. The case of state corporations is used, as an example, illustrating the ability of state organizations with a strategic capability in procurement, achieved through e-procurement systems, gaining significant organizational benefits via cost and process reductions.
This paper presents a study into the key lessons learnt from e-procurement implementation at public sector organisations in Kenya. The literature relating to e-procurement implementation and operation is reviewed, identifying main variables addressed by the current literature: impact on cost; the impact on governance; e-procurement implementation; and broader IT infrastructure issues. The research carried out was intended to explore the perceptions and reflections of both ‘early’ and ‘late’ adopters of e-procurement. Key lessons are drawn from the study and presented here. I recommend further research, including the need for research into failed e-procurement projects.
Factors affecting the use of Public Procurement and Disposal Act of 2005 in P...paperpublications3
Abstract: Kenya is undertaking public procurement reforms, by enacting the Public Procurement and Disposal Act (PPDA) of 2005 which became operational in 2007. This research considered the factors which affect the implementation of PPDA in public secondary schools by considering four factors; procurement skills, enforcement, organizational procurement culture and familiarity with procurement regulations. The researcher adopted purposive sampling and questionnaires were administered to the respondents, who included the members of the tender and procurement committees. Data collected was analyzed by use of SPSS and presented in percentages, frequency tables, and inferential statistics. The study showed that there is a significant relationships between; procurement skills, enforcement of PPDA, organizational procurement culture and familiarity with the regulations and the implementation of the PPDA. 80% of the respondents agree that lack of familiarity with the procurement regulations, inhibited the implementation of the PPDA. 85% of schools in Trans- Nzoia County have not engaged procurement professionals. 53% of the respondents agree that lack of training has hindered the implementation of PPDA. 80% agree that lack of enforcement has somehow hindered its implementation. It is recommended that the procurement officers in public secondary schools to read, understand and implement the Public Procurement and Disposal Act 2005 and that the school management should train their procurement officers to gain procurement skills, which will enhance the effective implementation of the PPDA.
Keywords: Compliance, Enforcement, Organization culture, Professionalism, Public procurement, School management, Value for money.
Environmental Factors Affecting Procurement Performance in County Government...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Factors Affecting Purchasing Effectiveness in the Public Sugar Sector:A Case ...paperpublications3
Abstract:In the recent past, procurement performance has been attracting great attention from practitioners, academicians and researchers due to poor performance resulting from non adherence to proper processes and procedures. Many of the studies have devoted their content to financial factors as measures of effectiveness dismally giving consideration to non financial factors. This study aimed at investigating selected non financial factors that influence the effectiveness of purchasing function in the public sugar sector guided by four specific objectives; to find out how purchasing interaction with other departments impacts on its effectiveness, to find out how Purchasing delegated authority impacts on its effectiveness, to find out how Purchasing activity Execution impacts on its effectiveness and to find out how supplier relationship management practices impacts on purchasing function effectiveness. The four variables were found to have an effect on effectiveness of purchasing function in the public sugar sector. The study adopted a descriptive case research design and the study population comprised of 118 management staff Nzoia Sugar Company Ltd. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select a sample size of 57 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments. Descriptive statistics data analysis method was applied to analyze numerical data gathered using closed ended questions aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). From the findings, level of task execution explained 43.1% of purchasing department’s effectiveness, level of supplier relationship explained 20.9% and interaction level explained 2.2% while the level of purchasing delegated authority had a negative relationship with its effectiveness at -4.1% which means that the more autonomous purchasing department becomes the less effective it will be. The study recommends application of supplier collaboration strategies, integration of supply chain management tasks with IT to help speed up decision making process between the SCM partners, signing service level agreements (SLA),purchasing function to increase effectiveness by training and being members of professional bodies such as CIPS and KISM.
Keywords:Assessment, delegated authority, effectiveness, efficiency, inventory, non financial measures, purchasing interaction.
“Public Procurement Reform and Importance in the
Current Economic Climate”
Pamela Bigart, Lead Procurement Specialist, World Bank
Ms. Bigart will speak about the importance of Public Procurement Systems in how public
money is spent, overall spending in procurement in different countries, the role of technology
in improving procurement processes, as well as specific procurement reforms.
Factors Influencing Supply Chain Performance in the Public Sugar Sector - A C...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper sought to evaluate the effect of technology adoption, early supplier involvement, low-cost sourcing and backward integration on supply chain performance in the public sugar sector, guided by four objectives: To assess effectiveness of technology adoption on supply chain performance, to assess the role of early supplier involvement on supply chain performance, to evaluate effectiveness of low-cost sourcing on supply chain performance and to evaluate effectiveness of backward integration on supply chain performance. Purposive sampling was used to select a target population of 60 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used in data analysis aided by SPSS software. From the findings, technology adoption and early supplier involvement were found to be positively correlated to supply chain performance. Thus the above factors should be considered as major determinants in influencing supply chain performance in the public sugar sector.
Keywords: Agile Supply, Backward integration, Collaborative Relationship, Corporate Strategy, Outsourcing, Supply Chain, Supply Chain Management.
This paper presents a study into the key lessons learnt from e-procurement implementation at public sector organisations in Kenya. The literature relating to e-procurement implementation and operation is reviewed, identifying main variables addressed by the current literature: impact on cost; the impact on governance; e-procurement implementation; and broader IT infrastructure issues. The research carried out was intended to explore the perceptions and reflections of both ‘early’ and ‘late’ adopters of e-procurement. Key lessons are drawn from the study and presented here. I recommend further research, including the need for research into failed e-procurement projects.
Factors affecting the use of Public Procurement and Disposal Act of 2005 in P...paperpublications3
Abstract: Kenya is undertaking public procurement reforms, by enacting the Public Procurement and Disposal Act (PPDA) of 2005 which became operational in 2007. This research considered the factors which affect the implementation of PPDA in public secondary schools by considering four factors; procurement skills, enforcement, organizational procurement culture and familiarity with procurement regulations. The researcher adopted purposive sampling and questionnaires were administered to the respondents, who included the members of the tender and procurement committees. Data collected was analyzed by use of SPSS and presented in percentages, frequency tables, and inferential statistics. The study showed that there is a significant relationships between; procurement skills, enforcement of PPDA, organizational procurement culture and familiarity with the regulations and the implementation of the PPDA. 80% of the respondents agree that lack of familiarity with the procurement regulations, inhibited the implementation of the PPDA. 85% of schools in Trans- Nzoia County have not engaged procurement professionals. 53% of the respondents agree that lack of training has hindered the implementation of PPDA. 80% agree that lack of enforcement has somehow hindered its implementation. It is recommended that the procurement officers in public secondary schools to read, understand and implement the Public Procurement and Disposal Act 2005 and that the school management should train their procurement officers to gain procurement skills, which will enhance the effective implementation of the PPDA.
Keywords: Compliance, Enforcement, Organization culture, Professionalism, Public procurement, School management, Value for money.
Environmental Factors Affecting Procurement Performance in County Government...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Factors Affecting Purchasing Effectiveness in the Public Sugar Sector:A Case ...paperpublications3
Abstract:In the recent past, procurement performance has been attracting great attention from practitioners, academicians and researchers due to poor performance resulting from non adherence to proper processes and procedures. Many of the studies have devoted their content to financial factors as measures of effectiveness dismally giving consideration to non financial factors. This study aimed at investigating selected non financial factors that influence the effectiveness of purchasing function in the public sugar sector guided by four specific objectives; to find out how purchasing interaction with other departments impacts on its effectiveness, to find out how Purchasing delegated authority impacts on its effectiveness, to find out how Purchasing activity Execution impacts on its effectiveness and to find out how supplier relationship management practices impacts on purchasing function effectiveness. The four variables were found to have an effect on effectiveness of purchasing function in the public sugar sector. The study adopted a descriptive case research design and the study population comprised of 118 management staff Nzoia Sugar Company Ltd. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select a sample size of 57 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments. Descriptive statistics data analysis method was applied to analyze numerical data gathered using closed ended questions aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). From the findings, level of task execution explained 43.1% of purchasing department’s effectiveness, level of supplier relationship explained 20.9% and interaction level explained 2.2% while the level of purchasing delegated authority had a negative relationship with its effectiveness at -4.1% which means that the more autonomous purchasing department becomes the less effective it will be. The study recommends application of supplier collaboration strategies, integration of supply chain management tasks with IT to help speed up decision making process between the SCM partners, signing service level agreements (SLA),purchasing function to increase effectiveness by training and being members of professional bodies such as CIPS and KISM.
Keywords:Assessment, delegated authority, effectiveness, efficiency, inventory, non financial measures, purchasing interaction.
“Public Procurement Reform and Importance in the
Current Economic Climate”
Pamela Bigart, Lead Procurement Specialist, World Bank
Ms. Bigart will speak about the importance of Public Procurement Systems in how public
money is spent, overall spending in procurement in different countries, the role of technology
in improving procurement processes, as well as specific procurement reforms.
Factors Influencing Supply Chain Performance in the Public Sugar Sector - A C...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper sought to evaluate the effect of technology adoption, early supplier involvement, low-cost sourcing and backward integration on supply chain performance in the public sugar sector, guided by four objectives: To assess effectiveness of technology adoption on supply chain performance, to assess the role of early supplier involvement on supply chain performance, to evaluate effectiveness of low-cost sourcing on supply chain performance and to evaluate effectiveness of backward integration on supply chain performance. Purposive sampling was used to select a target population of 60 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used in data analysis aided by SPSS software. From the findings, technology adoption and early supplier involvement were found to be positively correlated to supply chain performance. Thus the above factors should be considered as major determinants in influencing supply chain performance in the public sugar sector.
Keywords: Agile Supply, Backward integration, Collaborative Relationship, Corporate Strategy, Outsourcing, Supply Chain, Supply Chain Management.
Effects of Government Procurement on Prompt Tendering and Supply of Goods: A...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Role of Procurement Policy on Procurement Performance in State Corporations i...Kevin Kathurima
Abstract: The study sought to determine the role of procurement policy on procurement performance in state corporations in Kenya. The study was considered important because the government organizations across the world spend substantial amounts on public procurement ranging between 8% and 25% of GDP. This study adopted a case study descriptive research design. The population was the 431 staff currently working at Kenya Power regional headquarters. Stratified random sampling was done where number of respondents per strata was determined in relation to total population. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected by the use of structured questionnaires while secondary data was collected from already existing materials such as company‘s website, company‘s reports and announcements and other external sources such as the media. Regression analysis was used to show the overall relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Correlation analysis was used to show the strength of the association between the each independent variables and dependent variable. Procurement Policy was found to positively relate to procurement performance in state corporations. Keywords: Procurement, Policy, Performance, State Corporations. Title: Role of Procurement Policy on Procurement Performance in State Corporations in Kenya Author: Kevin Kathurima, Dr. Noor Shale International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals
The Importance of E-Commerce in Terms of Local Development: A Study in Turkey1inventionjournals
Internet is a great technology as well as a vast information storage, communication tool, trading platform, education field, business and entertainment environment. Internet is also the front door of the change and development and especially of the information community that is the bearer and courier of the development existing in the scientific and technologic fields. For this reason, E-commerce, which leaves its mark on the world market and gains more importance against the classic type of trade, also occupies a quite important position in national economy. The objective of our study is; to examine this commerce platform that is established as of today in city of Gümüşhane (Turkey) and to research the potential of E-commerce with regards to national economies and the factors that effect this potential.
Effects of Supply Chain Management Practices On The Performance Of Banks In K...Editor IJCATR
The paper examines the adoption of the Supply Chain Management practices on the performance
of Banks in Kenya. This research conceptualizes and develops four dimensions of SCM practice
(outsourcing of goods & services, information & communication technology, strategic supplier
partnership, and globalization) and tests the relationships between SCM practices, and
organizational performance. The study employed descriptive design. Data for the study was
collected using a self-administered questionnaire procedure, where the questionnaires were
administered to the selected respondents through drop and pick later technique. A sample size of
33 respondents was drawn from the sample frame using simple stratified random sampling
technique to promote the needs for efficiency and representativeness from various branches and
outlets of Postbank as an organization in Nairobi County and the relationships proposed in the
framework was tested using Chi-square, T-test among other statistical tools. Data was analyzed
by aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study will be useful in the academic
circles as it will contribute immensely towards filling the gaps in knowledge in the area of service
industry. The study found that outsourcing was important to the banks only when the appropriate
methods are employed. It also found that ICT had a major role in determining the performance of
banks as it dictated the mode of transaction and data they displayed to clients. Strategic
partnership was also important based on what it intended to achieve in enhancing the performance
of banks. Lastly, globalization is equally vital as it increases competition and exposes local banks
to global scene to experience how performance of banks can be improved. The study recommends
that correct ICT methods should be applied to promote the competitiveness of banks and improve
performance. Also it recommends that outsourcing be done only if they promote the objectives and
goals of the banking institute.
Contract management practice is a vital aspect in any organization that intends to gain a competitive advantage and value for money. In public organizations, every year a major portion of budget allocation is given for procurement of goods and services for various kinds of projects to be done. The study focused on the effect of monitoring intensity on procurement performance of public organizations in Elgeyo Marakwet County. The study was guided by relational contract theory and principal-agent theory. It adopted a descriptive study design utilizing questionnaires as the primary data collection tool. The staff from finance and procurement departments in the County government formed the study’s unit of analysis. The sample for the study was procurement officers and finance officers. It also adopted census sampling on all the target respondents. A pilot study was done in Uasin Gishu County Government. The computer programme Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 aided in data analysis. Data was analyzed using Quantitative data analysis with both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, means and cross tabulation will be used while multiple regressions will be used to test the hypothesis. Presentation of finding done using questionnaires which was coded, organized, analyzed and presented using frequency tables, and percentages. The study found that the organization was able to practice monitoring intensity with the view to enhance procurement performance. The results established a positive but weak correlation between the variables (P= 0.288, r=.057). The strength of association was weak. The study concluded that monitoring intensity was a factor that influences procurement performance in organizations. However it was noted that other factors were needed to support this practice. It was recommended that contractors should be allocated with the right amount of resources to complete the projects assigned to them.
Contract management practice is a vital aspect in any organization that intends to gain a competitive advantage and value for money. In public organizations, every year a major portion of budget allocation is given for procurement of goods and services for various kinds of projects to be done. The study focused on the effect of monitoring intensity on procurement performance of public organizations in Elgeyo Marakwet County. The study was guided by relational contract theory and principal-agent theory. It adopted a descriptive study design utilizing questionnaires as the primary data collection tool. The staff from finance and procurement departments in the County government formed the study’s unit of analysis. The sample for the study was procurement officers and finance officers. It also adopted census sampling on all the target respondents. A pilot study was done in Uasin Gishu County Government. The computer programme Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 aided in data analysis. Data was analyzed using Quantitative data analysis with both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, means and cross tabulation will be used while multiple regressions will be used to test the hypothesis. Presentation of finding done using questionnaires which was coded, organized, analyzed and presented using frequency tables, and percentages. The study found that the organization was able to practice monitoring intensity with the view to enhance procurement performance. The results established a positive but weak correlation between the variables (P= 0.288, r=.057). The strength of association was weak. The study concluded that monitoring intensity was a factor that influences procurement performance in organizations. However it was noted that other factors were needed to support this practice. It was recommended that contractors should be allocated with the right amount of resources to complete the projects assigned to them.
Effect of Advertising Media on Sales Performance of Cable TV Network Firms in...AI Publications
The study aimed to investigate the impacts of advertising media on sales performance of firms in Cable TV network sector in Mwanza city, Tanzania. Specifically, this study concentrated in determining how digital marketing affects sales performance, determining effect of TV/Radio on sales performance of firms, assessing effect of outdoor (out of home) on sales performance.. This study employed quantitative methodology. The targeted population of the study was about 414 network managers from the six Cable TV network service providers and A sample of 83 network managers, selected from a population of 414 Cable TV network firms and were selected using simple random sampling technique. Questionnaire and documentary review are used to collect data. The study employed descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results revealed that all the advertising media namelydigital marketing, TV/Radio and outdoor had a significantly positive effect on sales performance of Cable Network firms. The study further found that mobile marketing had the highest effect of firms’ ales performance followed by outdoor adverting, then social media marketing and lastly TV/Radio. The study lastly recommends that management should create readiness of the company in terms of ensuring products and organization area, and establish a great team. The study also recommended that Cable TV firms should use more of modern advertising especially mobile marketing and social media marketing as they can be accessed by customer 24/7/365 and will reach more people. The marketing/Advertising department should develop marketing plan for advertising to assist measuring effectiveness of each advertising media and hence this can help in developing effective marketing activities.
This project is related to “Organisational buying behavior for Tata Teleservises Maharashtra Limited”. Nowadays consumer is a king of market. Organisational buying behavior is the most important concept for any company by which many company formulate there marketing strategies. Thus project conducted in Pune city in Maharashtra state. The Pune city is one of the main IT Hub in India.
The Indian Internet Market Dynamics and Forecast (2008-2014) report analyses the latest developments in the fast growing Internet market of India by the main players and provides a market forecast until 2014. ROA Holdings and Optimum forecast that India's internet market is to reach as high as 868.47 million users by 2014, with an estimated compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.45%. During 2008, more than 112 million subscribers were added, increasing the penetration from 20.31% to 29.76% in 2008.
In today’s market each & every firm is selling identical products, which are differentiated by
brands. The sole aim of every company is to promote their brands using different strategies in
order to earn revenue and to occupy a major market share. According to the “consumer reports” a person encounters approximately 247 images per day, but probably do not noticeeven half of them, neither gets exposed to it. This means that mere proximity or visibility ofthe message is not sufficient for the customer to notice it. Since it is not possible for thehuman brain to process so many messages all at once, the viewer often finds it difficult todecode the message communicated by the company, and thus the purpose of the wholecommunication goes in vain and gets wasted.
As the foreign companies, new technologies & consumers prospects towards innovative products, Every Electronics products are coming with internet facilities and trends towards internet usage is becoming high and high, that’s why the organisations also taking help of internet to decreasing the workload. They are extremely higher user of internet services than an individual consumer. Therefore there is a need to Internet service Providers (ISP’s) to grab this market.
At various levels of decomposition we can
analysed the supply chain problem. At the first level problem
of supply chain management which is consist of many sub
problems as product design, customer services, logistic
management and others. We can define all the problems as
general and in specific way. These problems come at various
vertical direction of problem decomposition and these are
related with one particular issue for example inventory
management. Other way general problems are horizontal; they
deal with problems which require solving multiple specific
problems for example, ensuring customer service problems
from sales area as well as logistics.
EFFECTS OF SUPPLIER EFFICIENCY ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE IN KENYA SEED COMPA...paperpublications3
Abstract: Recruitment and keeping qualified suppliers is very important in procurement performance in any organization. However, many factors affect a firm's ability to determine and select the most efficient supplier. This study was undertaken with the main objective to assess the supplier selection and evaluation practices in the Kenya Seed Company. The study was guided by three specific objectives; to establish the criteria used for supplier evaluation in the Company; to find out the challenges of implementing Supplier Evaluation in the Company and to determine the relationship between Supplier Evaluation Criteria and procurement Performance in the Company. It employed a descriptive research design. The target population was 250 employees in the Company. A sample of 154 was selected to give response to the study. The response rate was 100%. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Findings revealed that the Company base their selection on following criteria; quality of the supplier services , financial position of the supplier, flexibility of the supplier, supplier efficiency in service delivery, supplier charges, constitution and the PPOA guidelines, supplier technical capability, supplier profile, experience of the supplier in offering certain services/products as well as compliance with procurement procedures. However, supplier evaluation in these organizations is faced by several challenges including corruption, incompetent procurement officers, inefficiencies in procurement processes, lack of incentives, pressure of implementing PPOA and PPDA guidelines, cost of implementing procurement systems as well as maintaining procurement system greatly affects supplier selection process. The study recommended that the management of the Company need to effectively design the most effective evaluation criteria that would facilitate its procurement performance that ensured only most competent suppliers are selected and competent personnel are in place to manage supply chain processes in the organizations.
A Study of Online Market in Airline A Case Study in Mongoliaijtsrd
This study defines customer satisfaction CS of Mongolia with the experience of the online market OM by technology acceptance AT . The factors of CS include ease of use, payment security, interactivity, and the quality of the information on the website. The goal of this study is to examine to what extent these 4 factors affect the satisfaction of passengers in Mongolian Airlines MA . The survey was based on 2 airlines the airline Hunnu, the airline MIAT and the data collected from 98 passengers of those airlines. The results show that there are three essential factors interactivity, the security of payment and ease of use, which affects satisfaction with OMs experience in CS in Mongolia. Bayanmunkh Nandinchimeg | Ganzorig Munkhjin | Tsevegdorj Battsetseg ""A Study of Online Market in Airline: A Case Study in Mongolia"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23813.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-ethics/23813/a-study-of-online-market-in-airline-a-case-study-in-mongolia/bayanmunkh-nandinchimeg
Exploring the Impact of the use of Business Information systems BIS on the or...inventionjournals
Business Information System BIS is considered as a critical tool, which has a major supporter of the economy which use BIS in an effectively manner. Organizations marked experiencing and acceleration towards the use of BIS to support its operations in order to improve performance and achieve superiority over competitors, which is reflected in the organizational effectiveness. This study aims to identify the impact of the use of Business Information Systems BIS on the organizational performance effectiveness in banks in Jordan. The study population are all (23) banks in Jordan. The study instrument distributed a (42) questionnaire to all senior directors in the banks, The questionnaires were analysed using regression, correlation analysis in order to determine the impact of business information systems BIS and its dimensions as an independent variable on the organizational performance effectiveness which is dependent variable in banks in Jordan.. The study outcomes shown that business information system BIS adoption would increase organizational performances, and offering practical suggestions that may ensure the achievement of the objectives to be accomplished by using BIS contributing to organisational effectiveness. Beside, effective use of BIS in banks would maximizing the total value to financial performance. Also Banks in Jordan gives great importance to the use of BIS significantly, in the belief that they contribute to improving the competitive position.
Factors Affecting Implementation Of E-Procurement In Nzoia Sugar Company Limi...paperpublications3
Abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the factors affecting implementation of e-procurement in Nzoia Sugar Company. The Implementation of e-procurement in the public sector has been affected by several factors and it being one of the new technologies, most of the private organizations have already taken full advantage of the value of e-procurement systems. The overall objective of this study was to examine the factors affecting e-procurement implementation in Nzoia sugar company limited being one of the public organizations in Kenya. The study was guided by the following objectives: To determine whether lack of employee competency is a challenge in e-procurement adoption among staffs of Nzoia Sugar Company, to investigate whether inadequate legal framework is a challenge in e-procurement adoption in Nzoia Sugar Company and to establish whether inadequate technological infrastructure is a challenge in e-procurement adoption in Nzoia Sugar Company. The research design that was used in this study was a descriptive research design. The target population was staffs of Nzoia Sugar Company Limited who are 1091.The sample size of this study were 164 respondents which was equivalent to 15% of the staff working at Nzoia Sugar Company. The study adopted a stratified random sampling method to obtain a sample of the respondents. The process of data analysis involved several stages; the completed questionnaires were edited for completeness and consistency, checked for errors and omissions and then coded. Descriptive statistics and factor analysis was used to determine factors affecting implementation of e-procurement in Nzoia Sugar Company. Tables were used to present the data collected for ease of understanding and analysis. The study found out that employee competency was a challenge in e-procurement implementation; this study recommends that due to continuous turnover of the employees', continuous training for the incoming and current staff is required. The employees should also be informed on benefits of e- procurement over manual procurement systems. The suppliers also need to be trained on e – procurement usage and how it works and the benefits it will accrue to them as suppliers.
Effects of Government Procurement on Prompt Tendering and Supply of Goods: A...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Role of Procurement Policy on Procurement Performance in State Corporations i...Kevin Kathurima
Abstract: The study sought to determine the role of procurement policy on procurement performance in state corporations in Kenya. The study was considered important because the government organizations across the world spend substantial amounts on public procurement ranging between 8% and 25% of GDP. This study adopted a case study descriptive research design. The population was the 431 staff currently working at Kenya Power regional headquarters. Stratified random sampling was done where number of respondents per strata was determined in relation to total population. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected by the use of structured questionnaires while secondary data was collected from already existing materials such as company‘s website, company‘s reports and announcements and other external sources such as the media. Regression analysis was used to show the overall relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Correlation analysis was used to show the strength of the association between the each independent variables and dependent variable. Procurement Policy was found to positively relate to procurement performance in state corporations. Keywords: Procurement, Policy, Performance, State Corporations. Title: Role of Procurement Policy on Procurement Performance in State Corporations in Kenya Author: Kevin Kathurima, Dr. Noor Shale International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals
The Importance of E-Commerce in Terms of Local Development: A Study in Turkey1inventionjournals
Internet is a great technology as well as a vast information storage, communication tool, trading platform, education field, business and entertainment environment. Internet is also the front door of the change and development and especially of the information community that is the bearer and courier of the development existing in the scientific and technologic fields. For this reason, E-commerce, which leaves its mark on the world market and gains more importance against the classic type of trade, also occupies a quite important position in national economy. The objective of our study is; to examine this commerce platform that is established as of today in city of Gümüşhane (Turkey) and to research the potential of E-commerce with regards to national economies and the factors that effect this potential.
Effects of Supply Chain Management Practices On The Performance Of Banks In K...Editor IJCATR
The paper examines the adoption of the Supply Chain Management practices on the performance
of Banks in Kenya. This research conceptualizes and develops four dimensions of SCM practice
(outsourcing of goods & services, information & communication technology, strategic supplier
partnership, and globalization) and tests the relationships between SCM practices, and
organizational performance. The study employed descriptive design. Data for the study was
collected using a self-administered questionnaire procedure, where the questionnaires were
administered to the selected respondents through drop and pick later technique. A sample size of
33 respondents was drawn from the sample frame using simple stratified random sampling
technique to promote the needs for efficiency and representativeness from various branches and
outlets of Postbank as an organization in Nairobi County and the relationships proposed in the
framework was tested using Chi-square, T-test among other statistical tools. Data was analyzed
by aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study will be useful in the academic
circles as it will contribute immensely towards filling the gaps in knowledge in the area of service
industry. The study found that outsourcing was important to the banks only when the appropriate
methods are employed. It also found that ICT had a major role in determining the performance of
banks as it dictated the mode of transaction and data they displayed to clients. Strategic
partnership was also important based on what it intended to achieve in enhancing the performance
of banks. Lastly, globalization is equally vital as it increases competition and exposes local banks
to global scene to experience how performance of banks can be improved. The study recommends
that correct ICT methods should be applied to promote the competitiveness of banks and improve
performance. Also it recommends that outsourcing be done only if they promote the objectives and
goals of the banking institute.
Contract management practice is a vital aspect in any organization that intends to gain a competitive advantage and value for money. In public organizations, every year a major portion of budget allocation is given for procurement of goods and services for various kinds of projects to be done. The study focused on the effect of monitoring intensity on procurement performance of public organizations in Elgeyo Marakwet County. The study was guided by relational contract theory and principal-agent theory. It adopted a descriptive study design utilizing questionnaires as the primary data collection tool. The staff from finance and procurement departments in the County government formed the study’s unit of analysis. The sample for the study was procurement officers and finance officers. It also adopted census sampling on all the target respondents. A pilot study was done in Uasin Gishu County Government. The computer programme Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 aided in data analysis. Data was analyzed using Quantitative data analysis with both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, means and cross tabulation will be used while multiple regressions will be used to test the hypothesis. Presentation of finding done using questionnaires which was coded, organized, analyzed and presented using frequency tables, and percentages. The study found that the organization was able to practice monitoring intensity with the view to enhance procurement performance. The results established a positive but weak correlation between the variables (P= 0.288, r=.057). The strength of association was weak. The study concluded that monitoring intensity was a factor that influences procurement performance in organizations. However it was noted that other factors were needed to support this practice. It was recommended that contractors should be allocated with the right amount of resources to complete the projects assigned to them.
Contract management practice is a vital aspect in any organization that intends to gain a competitive advantage and value for money. In public organizations, every year a major portion of budget allocation is given for procurement of goods and services for various kinds of projects to be done. The study focused on the effect of monitoring intensity on procurement performance of public organizations in Elgeyo Marakwet County. The study was guided by relational contract theory and principal-agent theory. It adopted a descriptive study design utilizing questionnaires as the primary data collection tool. The staff from finance and procurement departments in the County government formed the study’s unit of analysis. The sample for the study was procurement officers and finance officers. It also adopted census sampling on all the target respondents. A pilot study was done in Uasin Gishu County Government. The computer programme Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 aided in data analysis. Data was analyzed using Quantitative data analysis with both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, means and cross tabulation will be used while multiple regressions will be used to test the hypothesis. Presentation of finding done using questionnaires which was coded, organized, analyzed and presented using frequency tables, and percentages. The study found that the organization was able to practice monitoring intensity with the view to enhance procurement performance. The results established a positive but weak correlation between the variables (P= 0.288, r=.057). The strength of association was weak. The study concluded that monitoring intensity was a factor that influences procurement performance in organizations. However it was noted that other factors were needed to support this practice. It was recommended that contractors should be allocated with the right amount of resources to complete the projects assigned to them.
Effect of Advertising Media on Sales Performance of Cable TV Network Firms in...AI Publications
The study aimed to investigate the impacts of advertising media on sales performance of firms in Cable TV network sector in Mwanza city, Tanzania. Specifically, this study concentrated in determining how digital marketing affects sales performance, determining effect of TV/Radio on sales performance of firms, assessing effect of outdoor (out of home) on sales performance.. This study employed quantitative methodology. The targeted population of the study was about 414 network managers from the six Cable TV network service providers and A sample of 83 network managers, selected from a population of 414 Cable TV network firms and were selected using simple random sampling technique. Questionnaire and documentary review are used to collect data. The study employed descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results revealed that all the advertising media namelydigital marketing, TV/Radio and outdoor had a significantly positive effect on sales performance of Cable Network firms. The study further found that mobile marketing had the highest effect of firms’ ales performance followed by outdoor adverting, then social media marketing and lastly TV/Radio. The study lastly recommends that management should create readiness of the company in terms of ensuring products and organization area, and establish a great team. The study also recommended that Cable TV firms should use more of modern advertising especially mobile marketing and social media marketing as they can be accessed by customer 24/7/365 and will reach more people. The marketing/Advertising department should develop marketing plan for advertising to assist measuring effectiveness of each advertising media and hence this can help in developing effective marketing activities.
This project is related to “Organisational buying behavior for Tata Teleservises Maharashtra Limited”. Nowadays consumer is a king of market. Organisational buying behavior is the most important concept for any company by which many company formulate there marketing strategies. Thus project conducted in Pune city in Maharashtra state. The Pune city is one of the main IT Hub in India.
The Indian Internet Market Dynamics and Forecast (2008-2014) report analyses the latest developments in the fast growing Internet market of India by the main players and provides a market forecast until 2014. ROA Holdings and Optimum forecast that India's internet market is to reach as high as 868.47 million users by 2014, with an estimated compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.45%. During 2008, more than 112 million subscribers were added, increasing the penetration from 20.31% to 29.76% in 2008.
In today’s market each & every firm is selling identical products, which are differentiated by
brands. The sole aim of every company is to promote their brands using different strategies in
order to earn revenue and to occupy a major market share. According to the “consumer reports” a person encounters approximately 247 images per day, but probably do not noticeeven half of them, neither gets exposed to it. This means that mere proximity or visibility ofthe message is not sufficient for the customer to notice it. Since it is not possible for thehuman brain to process so many messages all at once, the viewer often finds it difficult todecode the message communicated by the company, and thus the purpose of the wholecommunication goes in vain and gets wasted.
As the foreign companies, new technologies & consumers prospects towards innovative products, Every Electronics products are coming with internet facilities and trends towards internet usage is becoming high and high, that’s why the organisations also taking help of internet to decreasing the workload. They are extremely higher user of internet services than an individual consumer. Therefore there is a need to Internet service Providers (ISP’s) to grab this market.
At various levels of decomposition we can
analysed the supply chain problem. At the first level problem
of supply chain management which is consist of many sub
problems as product design, customer services, logistic
management and others. We can define all the problems as
general and in specific way. These problems come at various
vertical direction of problem decomposition and these are
related with one particular issue for example inventory
management. Other way general problems are horizontal; they
deal with problems which require solving multiple specific
problems for example, ensuring customer service problems
from sales area as well as logistics.
EFFECTS OF SUPPLIER EFFICIENCY ON PROCUREMENT PERFORMANCE IN KENYA SEED COMPA...paperpublications3
Abstract: Recruitment and keeping qualified suppliers is very important in procurement performance in any organization. However, many factors affect a firm's ability to determine and select the most efficient supplier. This study was undertaken with the main objective to assess the supplier selection and evaluation practices in the Kenya Seed Company. The study was guided by three specific objectives; to establish the criteria used for supplier evaluation in the Company; to find out the challenges of implementing Supplier Evaluation in the Company and to determine the relationship between Supplier Evaluation Criteria and procurement Performance in the Company. It employed a descriptive research design. The target population was 250 employees in the Company. A sample of 154 was selected to give response to the study. The response rate was 100%. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Findings revealed that the Company base their selection on following criteria; quality of the supplier services , financial position of the supplier, flexibility of the supplier, supplier efficiency in service delivery, supplier charges, constitution and the PPOA guidelines, supplier technical capability, supplier profile, experience of the supplier in offering certain services/products as well as compliance with procurement procedures. However, supplier evaluation in these organizations is faced by several challenges including corruption, incompetent procurement officers, inefficiencies in procurement processes, lack of incentives, pressure of implementing PPOA and PPDA guidelines, cost of implementing procurement systems as well as maintaining procurement system greatly affects supplier selection process. The study recommended that the management of the Company need to effectively design the most effective evaluation criteria that would facilitate its procurement performance that ensured only most competent suppliers are selected and competent personnel are in place to manage supply chain processes in the organizations.
A Study of Online Market in Airline A Case Study in Mongoliaijtsrd
This study defines customer satisfaction CS of Mongolia with the experience of the online market OM by technology acceptance AT . The factors of CS include ease of use, payment security, interactivity, and the quality of the information on the website. The goal of this study is to examine to what extent these 4 factors affect the satisfaction of passengers in Mongolian Airlines MA . The survey was based on 2 airlines the airline Hunnu, the airline MIAT and the data collected from 98 passengers of those airlines. The results show that there are three essential factors interactivity, the security of payment and ease of use, which affects satisfaction with OMs experience in CS in Mongolia. Bayanmunkh Nandinchimeg | Ganzorig Munkhjin | Tsevegdorj Battsetseg ""A Study of Online Market in Airline: A Case Study in Mongolia"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23813.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-ethics/23813/a-study-of-online-market-in-airline-a-case-study-in-mongolia/bayanmunkh-nandinchimeg
Exploring the Impact of the use of Business Information systems BIS on the or...inventionjournals
Business Information System BIS is considered as a critical tool, which has a major supporter of the economy which use BIS in an effectively manner. Organizations marked experiencing and acceleration towards the use of BIS to support its operations in order to improve performance and achieve superiority over competitors, which is reflected in the organizational effectiveness. This study aims to identify the impact of the use of Business Information Systems BIS on the organizational performance effectiveness in banks in Jordan. The study population are all (23) banks in Jordan. The study instrument distributed a (42) questionnaire to all senior directors in the banks, The questionnaires were analysed using regression, correlation analysis in order to determine the impact of business information systems BIS and its dimensions as an independent variable on the organizational performance effectiveness which is dependent variable in banks in Jordan.. The study outcomes shown that business information system BIS adoption would increase organizational performances, and offering practical suggestions that may ensure the achievement of the objectives to be accomplished by using BIS contributing to organisational effectiveness. Beside, effective use of BIS in banks would maximizing the total value to financial performance. Also Banks in Jordan gives great importance to the use of BIS significantly, in the belief that they contribute to improving the competitive position.
Factors Affecting Implementation Of E-Procurement In Nzoia Sugar Company Limi...paperpublications3
Abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the factors affecting implementation of e-procurement in Nzoia Sugar Company. The Implementation of e-procurement in the public sector has been affected by several factors and it being one of the new technologies, most of the private organizations have already taken full advantage of the value of e-procurement systems. The overall objective of this study was to examine the factors affecting e-procurement implementation in Nzoia sugar company limited being one of the public organizations in Kenya. The study was guided by the following objectives: To determine whether lack of employee competency is a challenge in e-procurement adoption among staffs of Nzoia Sugar Company, to investigate whether inadequate legal framework is a challenge in e-procurement adoption in Nzoia Sugar Company and to establish whether inadequate technological infrastructure is a challenge in e-procurement adoption in Nzoia Sugar Company. The research design that was used in this study was a descriptive research design. The target population was staffs of Nzoia Sugar Company Limited who are 1091.The sample size of this study were 164 respondents which was equivalent to 15% of the staff working at Nzoia Sugar Company. The study adopted a stratified random sampling method to obtain a sample of the respondents. The process of data analysis involved several stages; the completed questionnaires were edited for completeness and consistency, checked for errors and omissions and then coded. Descriptive statistics and factor analysis was used to determine factors affecting implementation of e-procurement in Nzoia Sugar Company. Tables were used to present the data collected for ease of understanding and analysis. The study found out that employee competency was a challenge in e-procurement implementation; this study recommends that due to continuous turnover of the employees', continuous training for the incoming and current staff is required. The employees should also be informed on benefits of e- procurement over manual procurement systems. The suppliers also need to be trained on e – procurement usage and how it works and the benefits it will accrue to them as suppliers.
Employees Adoption of E-Procurement System: An Empirical StudyIJMIT JOURNAL
Today, organizations are investing a lot in their IT infrastructure and reengineering their business processes by digitizing firms. If organizational employees will not optimum utilize its IT infrastructure, the productivity gain reduced enormously. In Uttarakhand e-procurement system implemented by public sector under e-governance integrated mission mode projects. So, there is need to find the determinants which influence employee’s adoption and uses of e-procurement systems. This research study assesses the organizational and individual determinants that influence the use of e-procurement system in Uttarakhand public sector. This study provides managers with the valuable information to take intervention programs to achieve greater acceptance and usage of e-procurement system. Data collected for this study by the means of a survey conducted in Uttarakhand state in 2011. A total 1200 questionnaire forms were distributed personally and online to employees using e-procurement system in Uttarakhand.
This study is on Rethinking Public Procurement System in Nigeria: The E-Procurement Option using Selected Local Government Areas in Southern Nigeria as the case study. Its objective is to ascertain if e-procurement can effectively bring about change in three critical areas of public procurement concerns, which includes; transparency, efficiency and compliance to public procurement policies. In this paper, survey approach was used and data was collected through a five point likert scale questionnaire. The statistical tool used for data analysis is the non-parametric chi-square test (χ2), at 0.05 level of significance, using the 20.0 version of SPSS.
E-PROCUREMENT ADOPTION AND PROCUREMENT ROCESS IN RWANDA: A CASE OF MUHIMA, SH...AkashSharma618775
This paper assessed the e-procurement adoption and procurement process, a case of District hospitals in
Rwanda . This was guided by three specific objectives: to establish the extent of ICT applications on the District’s
hospitals procurement processes; to determine the challenges of e-procurement adoption on the procurement
processes in District hospitals in Rwanda; to determine relationship between the individual factors and
Procurement process in District hospitals in Rwanda. The target population of the study was comprised of 54
employees of District hospitals in Rwanda. The study used a purposive sampling technique. With purposive
sampling technique as a type of non-probability sampling, the researcher uses his /her own judgment about which
respondents to choose, and picks only those who meet the purpose of the study.Through structured
questionnaires,the researcher was able to collect primary data. Secondary data were collected from relevant
literature review, business magazines, journals, internet and other relevant materials. The study revealed that for
87.5% respondents, no relation were between procurement officers and Government suppliers.The study also
revealed that 75% of respondents agreed to have received products of good quality at lower costs.The study found
that majority of the respondents acknowledged that ICT applications like e –procurement in use in the District
Hospitals had influenced the procurement processes. In regards to finding out the relationship between individual
factors and procurement process the study finds that the relationship between the individual factors and
Procurement process in District hospitals in Rwanda it was revealed that there is a positive relationship between
human resource comptency in e-procurement and performance of contractors since r= .220, with p-value of 0.001
which is less than 0.01 as the significance level. The major challenge found in the study was that of High
introduction costs for new solutions such as access to bandwidth and enterprise resource management systems that
are key to implementing e-business. Organizations willing to implement e-procurement should therefore invest
into structures and processes necessary for e-procurement implemention. Finally, the research found that for ICT
to be easily implemented, information systems have to be set up by all players in the procurement procedures,
structures will have to be invested on and processes standardized. system in their procurement processes.
Effect of Public Procurement Management on Quality Service Provision among St...paperpublications3
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of public procurement management on quality service provision among the state corporations which is effectively enabling providers of services and goods to the public to achieve higher standards. The specific objectives were: to establish how the procurement legal guidelines improve the quality of goods and services provided to the public by state corporations; to establish how the procurement institutional framework improves the quality of goods and services provided to the public by state corporations; to establish how laid procurement procedures improve the quality of goods and services provided to the public by state corporations and to establish how the management environment among state corporations affects quality of goods and services provided to the public by state corporations. The research employed a descriptive research design that used survey methods. The study focused on 64 of the 127 state corporations in Kenya selected using systematic random sampling. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The results indicate that the legal procurement guidelines had a moderate contribution towards the quality of goods and services provided. The procurement institutional framework contributed to the quality of goods and services to a great extent. The procurement procedures had a moderate contribution toward the quality. The management environment moderately contributed to the quality. The quality of goods and services provided to the public was low. The study recommends improved enforcement and strengthening of the adherence to laid down procurement procedure; the existing institutional framework should be changed to support the provision of high quality goods and services and there should also be a change in the general management environment with focus on the culture, leadership and worker motivation of quality on provision of high quality services and goods to the public.
Keywords: Legal procurement guidelines, procurement institution, procurement procedures, management environment, quality of product and state corporation.
Title: Effect of Public Procurement Management on Quality Service Provision among State Corporations in Kenya
Author: Abuto, Ooko, George, Dr.Calvins, Otieno, Dr.Yusuf, Kibet, Mr.Okwaro, Fredrick
ISSN 2349-7807
International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)
Paper Publications
ELECTRONIC MATERIAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICE ON SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE OF SUGAR ...ijmvsc
The objective this study was to assess the influence of electronic material management practice on supply chain performance. The study intended to how electronic material management can support or impair the supply chain function in the process of sourcing, receiving, inventory management and order distribution to customers’ satisfaction The study applied a mixed research design with a survey of 12 sugar processing
firms with a population of 7,584 employees and a sample of 379 respondents drawn from management staff. Data was gathered by a questionnaire, interviews and observation. Pearson’s correlation was applied to determine the relationship between electronic material management practice and Supply chain
performance and regression analysis to test hypothesis. The results of model reveals that electronic material management practice has a positive influence on supply chain performance with a beta value of r=0.551, p= 0.000. The study recommends that sugar processing firms should provide their suppliers
access credentials to company electronic procurement portal to increase buyer and supplier access to information to enhance electronic material management.
Determinants of Public Procurement Procedures Implementation in Universities:...paperpublications3
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to establish the determinants of public procurement procedures imple-mentation in universities in Kiambu County. Various countries have instituted procurement reforms involving laws and regulations. Procurement in Kenyan public universities has been recognized as essential in service delivery. The major obstacle, however, has been inadequate regulatory compliance. The study’s objectives were to find out the effect of strategic planning on implementation of public procurement procedures; the effect of organizational culture on implementation of public procurement procedures; the role of staff competence on implementation of public procurement procedures; the effect of top management support on implementation of public procurement procedures and to assess the effect of organizational culture on implementation of public procurement procedures by public universities. A conceptual framework was developed to guide the study. The study was grounded on Rational Model of Decision Making and Resource Dependence Theory. The study used descriptive survey design and sampled 21 participants. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed according to the research objectives. The study found out that the strategic planning, staff competence, support from top management and organizational culture plays an important role in enhancing implementation of procurement procedures in public universities. The study recommends that management of public universities to accord staff maximum support in order to enhance procurement procedures implementation. Top management also need to steer head cultural practices in their organizations and frequently monitor the practices so as to effectively manage them so as to boost its implementation of procurement procedures.
The Contribution of Information Technology Infrastructure in the Information ...IJRES Journal
There are some great innovations in e-government during the past decade. And there is intense competition between some governments and leaders in the supply of services on the Internet. Some countries do not want to stay behind in this area, where many governments have developed detailed strategies to realize the e-government programs. Despite differences in goals behind these programs from one country to another, but there are still many points of convergence between them particularly in information technology infrastructure field. However, Problems associated with the process of application and adoption of e-government due to poor systems and infrastructure construction, which negatively affects the adoption of the public services through the e-government portal, in particular in developing countries. This study argued contribution the information technology Infrastructure in Information Systems success in e-government agencies. Where there are weaknesses in the understanding of this contribution and its importance in many developing countries, so the researcher proposed a model to clarify this contribution, and expected a positive relationship between the information technology infrastructure factors and information systems success, and this affects positively or negatively the adoption of e-government.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
"Heart failure is a typical clinical accompanied by symptoms syndrome (e.g. shortness of breath, ankle swelling and fatigue) that lead to structural or functional abnormalities of the heart (e.g. high venous pressure, pulmonary edema and peripheral edema).
In recent years, the significant role of B-type natriuretic peptide has been revealed in the pathogenesis of heart disease and the use of the drug sacubitril/valsartan has started. It has a positive effect on the regulation of the level of B-type natriuretic peptide in the body. It is obviously seen from the the world literature that natriuretic peptides play an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. For this reason, many studies suggest that the importance of natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure is recommended.
Due to this, we tried to investigate the effects of a comprehensive medication therapy with a combination of sacubitril/valsartan in the patients with chronic heart failure."
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
Factors Affecting E-Procurement Adoption in Minimizing Risks in the Supply Chain: A Survey of State Corporations in Kenya
1. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 8, August 2013
www.ijsr.net
Factors Affecting E-Procurement Adoption in
Minimizing Risks in the Supply Chain: A Survey of
State Corporations in Kenya
Noor Ismail Shalle1,
Wario Guyo, 2
Iravo Mike Amuhaya3
PhD.in Procurement and Supply Chain Management (JKUAT); MSc Procurement and Logistics (JKUAT), BSc General Business
Administration (University of Juba)
P.O Box 34144-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya.
Ph.D, Deputy Director, CBD Campus, Nairobi, Jomo Kenya University of Agriculture and Technology
P.O. Box 62,000 - 00200 City Square
Ph. D.in HRM (JKUAT); M.in Admin. & Plan. (UoN); Dip. Mgt. (London); PGDE. (KU); M.A. & B.A (Sibiu, Romania);
Jkuat, P.O.Box 62000-00200, Nairobi
Abstract: This paper examines the optimization of purchasing through the use of Internet based systems (electronic Procurement).
The focus of this paper is the impact of these systems on the supply chain structure and how they are able to change the procurement
function to a strategic operating resource for the organization. The empirical research information is based upon a study carried out
that analyzed the supply chain strategies being adopted by public organizations. Respondents ranged from 100 to state corporations,
experienced users of e-procurement systems to those just starting out on their pilot investigations of the contribution of such systems to
purchasing efficiency. A significant result from the study was that whilst a large number of organizations were e-procurement adopters,
less than half of them believed that procurement had a strategic function. The case of state corporations is used, as an example,
illustrating the ability of state organizations with a strategic capability in procurement, achieved through e-procurement systems,
gaining significant organizational benefits via cost and process reductions.
Keywords: Business-to-Business, E-Business, E-Commerce, E-Procurement, Internet, state corporations, Supply Chain.
1. Introduction
The use of technology for procurement has generated great
excitement because of its potential to reduce procurement
costs and improve strategic sourcing (de Boer et al., 2002;
van Weele, 2002; Subramaniam and Shaw, 2002). Lucking-
Reiley and Spulber (2001) argue that the potential cost
savings in this area are substantial, and it seems that the
potential merit of various electronic procurement forms is
largely undisputed (de Boer et al., 2002). Previous research
however show that there are still doubts about the real
benefits of e-procurement, and that organizations that
already have an inter-organizational information system of
some kind not yet have decided whether it is an
improvement over existing systems or not (Subramaniam
and Shaw, 2002).
Even if the conditions for a successful introduction are
present, the introduction and implementation of an e-
ordering system can be problematic, due to all sorts of
political considerations and sensitivities in the field of
purchasing within enterprises (van Weele, 2002). Several
barriers and problems exist (Chircu and Kauffman, 2000),
and they have to be tackled successfully if potential value of
the investment will be met (Davern and Kauffman, 2000).
One of the largest problems according to empirical data
(Arbin, 2003) and research (Davis, 1989; Subramaniam and
Shaw, 2002; Reunis et al., 2005) is to get potential users in
the organization to adopt and use the e-procurement (e-
ordering) system, when ordering products and services.
There is growing evidence of unrealized or less than
expected productivity gains due to poor user acceptance and
use of new technology (Venkatesh and Speier, 1999).
This research is focused on the public sector in the Kenya.
There has been considerable change in practices and
processes over the past 11 years with the modernisation of
the public sector. Programs such as the Strategic
Management Initiative, Management Information
Framework and more recently the Benchmarking review
have brought the processes of the sector into the public
forum.
As a background to these changes, technology has changed
over the past 10 years. This change in both the technology
and the way it is applied is affecting both the structures and
processes of the public sector. Current research in Kenya has
failed to look at how services are sourced and procured.
Although there is considerable research in the area of Public
Administration particularly in the areas of policy, strategy,
and programme evaluation, public procurement has not been
an area of focused academic research.
Research in procurement has concentrated mainly on the
private sector, and although there is now a wide range of
research happening in the field of public procurement
outside of Kenya, it has tended to look primarily at single
dimensions, i.e. the impact of technology on costs or the
impact of technology on structure. The research examines
the inter-relatedness of three areas, people, process and cost,
and the impact that technology has on these areas within the
public procurement process. The proposition is that ‘the
introduction of technology into the procurement process
301
2. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 8, August 2013
www.ijsr.net
within the public sector in the Kenya leads to fundamental
changes in the processes, organisational structures and costs.
2. Background
In the last 11 years there has been a growing interest in
Supply Chain Management. This interest has been primarily
focused on the private sector. Supply Chain Management
has been used interchangeably with Logistics Management,
Materials Management and more recently the emphasis has
shifted towards procurement. Perhaps the simplest
explanation is to think of a supply chain as having five
distinct parts Buy, Make, Store, Move and Sell. Across
these five parts are processes that control the supply chain.
Information is passed through these various stages. At each
stage there are a number of sub-processes which can be
defined as processes in their own right. What we then see
across a number of definitions (Christopher, 1998, Simchi-
Levi et al, 2000, Council of Logistics Management) is a
common theme of the supply chain being a process. It is also
evident that information related to the process is critical and
fundamental for the control, management and understanding
of the process. McCormack and Johnson (2001) define a
process as’… a specific group of activities and subordinate
tasks which results in the performance of a service that is of
value’.
3. Adoption
In this paper, i define adoption as making an active
contribution towards the implementation or use of the e-
procurement tool. Adoption includes using the tool,
contributing towards the usage by others, or stimulating the
spread of adoption of the tool. This definition implies that an
actor can be considered an adopter of the tool, as soon as the
actor contributes to a further spread of the tool, without
using the tool himself.
In general, adoption models and social network only
consider positive influences and exclude the possibility of
one actor negatively influencing another when it comes to
adoption behavior. Arguably, adoption does not only have a
positive dimension, but can also include a negative
dimension, i.e. active deviation of the implementation
objective. This active resistance can also spread through
interactions between actors, causing competing social
networks of adopters and non-adopters within an
organization.
Some individuals will be inclined to adopt an innovation
earlier than others, despite of any management efforts and
social influences. Argarwal & Prasad (1998) recognize this
human characteristic as the personal dispositional
innovativeness (PDI), which describes an individual’s
willingness to adapt to an innovation, independent of
internal or external influences. Goldsmith & Hofacker
(1991) show that PDI is domain specific, which suggests
inherent differences between for instance the procurement
domain and the IT domain. Other traits of a person might
influence the PDI or the adoption directly. Some authors
stress certain individual factors related to PDI like
innovativeness, computer self-efficacy, and experience
(Venkatesh & Davis 2000).
4. Public Sector Procurement Requirements
Public procurement is an information-intensive function of
government. It has to satisfy requirements for goods, works,
systems and services in a timely manner. Furthermore, it has
to meet the basic principles of good governance:
transparency, accountability and integrity (Wittig, 2003;
Callender and Schapper, 2003). It has become obvious that
more the procurement process is supported by Internet
technology, the easier it should become to handle the manual
burdens.
Convention wisdom suggests that government e-
Procurement differs from private e-Procurement. Public
sector procurement is large and complex, accounting for
between twenty and thirty percent of GDP (Thai & Grimm,
2000, COA, 1994), and traditionally attempts to meet many
social and political objectives (Tether, 1977). While private
sector procurement is practiced under the auspices of each
individual firm’s governance policies, public sector
procurement must operate within a range of regulations and
policies established to accomplish desirable social (Tether,
1977) as well as economic (Miami-Dade County, 2000),
financial and public audit requirements. A core difference,
according to Przymus (2003), is the relationship between the
buyer and the seller in each entity - in government the buyer
attempts to attract as many sellers as possible to be seen to
broaden competition and maximize opportunities for value-
for-money whereas in private enterprise buyers may seek to
set in place sole supplier arrangements based on a
relationship management policy and provided operating risk
is deemed to be minimised. Governments are also obliged to
disclose purchasing and contracting information to the
public, including details about the outcome of government
contracting decisions.
e-Procurement solutions are seen as a way to address some
of these goals. The transparent nature of the Internet truly
makes on-line bidding an effective tool against corruption in
government procurement provided there is an absolute
requirement for disclosure of all government purchasing and
contracting decisions to all interested parties in the society
(Talero, 2001). The e-Procurement infrastructure and
procedures can facilitate the achievement of the principles of
“professionalism, transparency, probity and accountability
while maximizing efficiency, effectiveness and flexibility”
in the procurement process required by public procurement
regulation (DOFA, 2002). e-Procurement has the potential to
promote operating efficiency in public sector procurement,
and provide significant cost savings (Miami-Dade County,
2000).
5. Barriers to a Successful Implementation of
E-Procurement Initiatives
While various governments are encouraging public sector
agencies to adopt e-procurement its implementation has not
been a smooth transition, and the rate of e-Procurement
implementation success has been less than spectacular.
“Government e-procurement projects have been notoriously
unsuccessful” (Steinberg, 2003). The development and
implementation of e-Procurement has not been as easy as
some of the solution providers suggested, nor has it brought
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the claimed savings. Furthermore, engaging suppliers in the
process, especially smaller organizations, is also proving to
be difficult given the levels of investment expected of them
in their provision of catalogue information to buyers, and
marketplaces using different technologies, platforms and
business languages (OGC, 2002). Although a number of
public sector agencies are actively pursuing e-Procurement,
evidence from business press reveals that many of the efforts
are not meeting original expectations.
Despite the benefits that can be achieved from a successful
e-Procurement initiative implementation in the public sector,
the business press has reported a number of failures of e-
Procurement initiatives in a number of public sector
agencies in the Germany, China and Australia in recent
years. The major reasons can be linked to the issued raised
in the previous paragraph: complexity, compatibility, an
absence of savings and unwillingness of markets to
participate. As Heywood et al (2002) observe, “it is by no
means certain that all the potential of e-procurement will be
realised and it is inevitable that huge sums of money, and
considerable effort, will be wasted by some organizations in
pursuit of the business benefits”.
These views are supported by a number of examples. The
US Government’s General Services Administration (GSA)
had been criticized following recent embarrassing
revelations that it was unreliable and error prone (KableNet,
2001). Furthermore, the UK government decided not to
extend its pilot e-tendering system across Whitehall
(KableNet 2002). In a similar vein, Bell (2003), Doesburg
(2003) and Gifford (2003) report that the New Zealand
government has reported that its GoProcure e-Procurement
system has proved more complex to develop than expected.
UK Ministry of Defence is yet to achieve savings three years
after its e-Procurement service first started running
(KableNet, 2003). According to Government Technology
(2002), State of South Carolina abandoned its e-Procurement
system in June, 2002 and pilot projects were shut down in
2002 in Massachusetts, Indiana, and Michigan. The Virginia
state auditor reported only 1.5% of the state’s business was
transacted through its state-of-the-art system, which cost
$USD14.9 million (Government Technology, 2003).
On the other hand, there is a view that rumors of e-
Procurement’s demise have been greatly exaggerated
(Harris, 2002). Davila et al. (2002), for example, report that
a survey of 168 US public and private sector organizations
indicated that e-Procurement technologies will become an
important part of supply chain management and that the rate
of adoption will accelerate as the adopters share their
experiences of success factors and perceptions of low risk.
Similarly, Barua et al. (2001) identified e-Procurement as
the “most important element of e-business operational
excellence for large corporations”.
Such success and failure stories imply that there is a need for
a much better understanding, and use of e-Procurement
implementations in the public sector. Tonkin (2003),
provides a succinct summary of this sector’s relationship
with e-Procurement: “The public sector cannot afford to
uncritically follow the latest fads and fashions, it can,
however, from a strong base of self knowledge, confidence
and with an eye to the future become an innovator in this
field”. Furthermore, the sector needs to develop more
proactive management control and evaluation techniques to
ensure that projects of this nature deliver measurable
benefits.
5.1 E-Procurement Success Factors and Propositions
The information systems, supply chain management, e-
Commerce/e-Business, and public sector management
literatures on Success Factors provide many moderating
factors that may affect the selection of appropriate e-
Procurement SFs. Since our observations are limited to
evaluation/assessment reports of eight major e-Procurement
initiatives and six specialized literature on e-Procurement, it
will be necessary for us to be very cautious in the
presentation of the results. Hence, I will formulate my
findings in the form of propositions rather than hypotheses,
to be refined by interviews and confirmed by case studies.
The resulting hypotheses will then need to be tested by
means of a survey research.
5,2 End-user Uptake and Training
As e-Procurement includes new technologies and changes in
traditional procurement approaches, the need to train staff in
procurement practices and the use of e-procurement tools is
very critical to the success of an e-Procurement initiative
(WB, 2003) and has a long-established place in the
procurement literature (for example, Williams and Smellie,
1985). End-users can realize quick benefits of the system
once they understand the operational functionalities (CGEC,
2003). This means that training should be given a high
priority, alongside the need for public sector agencies to
identify the skills required by all those engaged in
procurement (Callender and Matthews, 2000; Queensland
Government, 2000; CIPFA, 2002).
As technology alone does not ensure successful adoption,
the success of a public sector e-Procurement initiative
depends on clients making use of the new process and
system. The solution must attract end users to view e-
Procurement as the preferred means by which to purchase
goods and services (KPMG, 2001). The success of the
project also depends on communication to the users (Birks et
al., 2001). According to CGEC (2003), the two major
obstacles to increasing support among users are their level of
technology awareness and acceptance, and their willingness
to change long-established internal business processes. As
the implementation process unfolds, it can be helpful to take
periodic user satisfaction surveys from which it may be
possible to identify the possible need for additional training
and demonstrate the organization’s interest in creating a
positive online procurement experience (OSD, 2001).
Proposition 1: The high level of end-user uptake and training
is positively associated with the organization and
management implementation factor of an e-Procurement
initiative.
6. Supplier Adoption
Project success in this case, is closely related to early
supplier involvement. It is important to demonstrate the
proposed solution to the suppliers and discuss any necessary
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changes, issues and concerns such as various options in
developing and maintaining supplier catalogues (Birks et al.,
2001). According to the OSD (2001), providing
opportunities for suppliers to offer their feedback will allow
the procurement department to monitor areas for
improvement and change in advance. Because many
suppliers may be unwilling to conduct business
electronically with public sector agencies because they are
unclear about the benefits that they will gain, they might see
e-Procurement as a means by which public sector agencies
will attempt to force down prices (CIPFA, 2002). Suppliers,
therefore, should be educated on the e-Procurement benefits
that can be provided to them. Suppliers are, of course, an
integral part of e-Procurement and should be contacted and
consulted as early as possible in the project. The degree to
which the success of an e-Procurement initiative can be
realized is directly related to the level of e-readiness of
suppliers, and appropriate communication with suppliers is
therefore important (AOT, 2003).
Proposition 2: The high level of supplier adoption is
positively associated with the organization and management
implementation factor of an e-Procurement initiative.
7. Compliance with best practice for Project
Management
As with other IT project management practices, e-
Procurement projects only deliver the planned benefits if a
lot of people in the organization make changes to the way
they work, which requires championing the project and
senior sponsorship. Specifically important in e-Procurement
initiatives is the responsibility of ensuring “Buy In” (Birks et
al., 2001). Implementation must be delivered in accordance
with business case. Birks et al. (2001) suggest the business
case processes for e-Procurement should include: identifying
drivers, understanding the starting point, benefits,
approaches, affordability, risks and benefit realization.
Procurement in the public sector has some differences to
procurement in the private sector, especially in terms of
transparency, accountability and probity. The CIPFA Report
(2002) cautions that private sector solutions do not easily
adapt to a public sector setting and e-Procurement solutions
which work successfully in a private sector setting may fail
within the public sector.
Proposition 3: The high level of compliance with best
practice/project management is positively associated with
the organization and management implementation factor of
an e-Procurement initiative.
8. System Integration
Because of the sensitivity of the government data and the
legal nature of orders and payments, security of data is
fundamental to an e-Procurement system. It is also important
for the system to have mechanisms for identifying and
authenticating the user who places an order so that the
supplier knows it is safe to fulfill the order. Within e-
Procurement, Birks et al. (2001) relate the security
requirements at the e-Tendering stage to authentication and
argue that e-Purchasing systems and processes need
protection because they involve a financial transaction that
may be vulnerable to a fraudulent attack. S&A (2003)
supports this notion, saying that transactions between
different systems need to be exchanged in secure ways with
assurances regarding the identities of the buyers and
suppliers. In order to encourage buyers and suppliers to
engage in e-Procurement it is critical that both parties have
confidence in the underlying security infrastructure.
Proposition 4: The high degree of system integration is
positively associated with the systems and technology
implementation factor of an e-Procurement initiative.
9. Security and Authentication
Because of the sensitivity of the government data and the
legal nature of orders and payments, security of data is very
critical in e-Procurement systems. It is also important for the
system to have mechanisms for identifying and
authenticating the user who places an order so that the
supplier knows it is safe to fulfill the order. In e-
Procurement, Birks et al. (2001) relate the security
requirements at the e-Tendering stage to authentication and
argue that e-Purchasing systems and processes need
protection because they involve a financial transaction and
maybe vulnerable to a fraudulent attack. S&A (2003)
supports this notion by saying that transactions between
different systems need to be exchanged in secure ways with
assurances regarding the identities of the buyers and
suppliers. In order to encourage buyers and suppliers to
engage in e-Procurement it is critical that both parties have
confidence in the underlying security infrastructure.
Proposition 5: The high degree of security and
authentication is positively associated with the systems and
technology implementation factor of an e-Procurement
initiative.
10. Re-engineering the Process
E-Procurement should be viewed as an enabling mechanism
to make the process of procurement more efficient and
effective in terms of cost, time and achievement of value for
money in the procurement function (CPIFA, 2002). As the
existing procurement practices and
11. Findings
Given the intense publicity surrounding the impact of e-
procurement, the findings of the study reflected much of the
focus of recent management writing and system vendors’
publicity. The four main benefits of e-procurement identified
by respondents were:
58.8% believed that whilst the main benefits to be gained
from adoption of e-procurement would be financial, it was
not generally believed that these financial benefits would
meet the widely ‘hyped’ benefits promoted by solutions
providers and vendors.
45.9% believed that improved information flow was an
important benefit of e-procurement adoption.
41.2% answered that e-procurement adoption would lead
to better internal and external communications for the
business.
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40% saw improvements in planning would be a benefit
from e-procurement adoption.
A major concern here is the apparent lack of clear strategic
awareness of the implication and benefits of e-procurement.
It is certainly clear that procurement is viewed as an
administrative process in the majority of respondent
organizations, the exception being organizations over Kshs1
billion turnovers. Large organizations typically invest
greater resource into their purchasing and procurement
function – for such organizations procurement is of major
strategic importance. This was underlined in the study by the
planned increase in the level of outsourcing by 56.5% of
respondents as a direct consequence of e-procurement
adoption.
12. Conclusions
The current interest in e-procurement and its applications for
the public sector make this a relevant and timely research
topic. The models currently being used for looking at
procurement have either been focused on the private sector
or on public sector bodies outside of Kenya. Given the
growth in the use of technology, the proposed changes to the
structures of the public sector and the rising cost of
managing the sector, it is appropriate that the research be
focused on the impact that technology has on People,
Process and Cost. This paper has set out the background to
the research. It has described the current profile of public
sector procurement in Kenya.
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