This document discusses the fabrication and testing of aluminum 7075-silicon carbide (SiC) metal matrix composites produced via stir casting. Al 7075 and SiC powders were mixed in varying weight ratios and cast into cylinders. Testing showed that hardness increased with higher SiC content and heat treatment. Wear resistance also improved with more SiC added. The composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties over the base aluminum alloy.
STUDY THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF Al 7075 ALLOY BASED COMPOSITES BY COMPRESSIONgiet,gunupur
Aluminium alloys are widely used in aerospace automobile industries due to their low density and good mechanical properties, better corrosion resistance and wear, low thermal coefficient of expansion as compared to convention metals and alloys.
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including highspecific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. Among various discontinuous dispersoids used, fly ash is one of the most inexpensive and low density reinforcement available in large quantities as solid waste by-product during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Hence, composites with fly ash as reinforcement are likely to overcome the cost barrier for wide spread applications in automotive and small engine applications.
A PROJECT ON STUDY THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF Al 7075 ALLOY BASED COMPOSITES...giet,gunupur
The Al 7075 alloy is a very useful material because of its mechanical properties i.e. low density, high strength, moderate ductility and toughness. Due to these properties, this alloy is mainly used for highly stressed structural parts. This material has a wide range of application such as aircraft fittings, gears and shafts, fuse parts, meter shafts and gear, missile parts , regulating valve parts, worm gears, keys and various other parts of commercial aircrafts and aerospace vehicles.
STUDY THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF Al 7075 ALLOY BASED COMPOSITES BY COMPRESSIONgiet,gunupur
Aluminium alloys are widely used in aerospace automobile industries due to their low density and good mechanical properties, better corrosion resistance and wear, low thermal coefficient of expansion as compared to convention metals and alloys.
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including highspecific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. Among various discontinuous dispersoids used, fly ash is one of the most inexpensive and low density reinforcement available in large quantities as solid waste by-product during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Hence, composites with fly ash as reinforcement are likely to overcome the cost barrier for wide spread applications in automotive and small engine applications.
A PROJECT ON STUDY THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF Al 7075 ALLOY BASED COMPOSITES...giet,gunupur
The Al 7075 alloy is a very useful material because of its mechanical properties i.e. low density, high strength, moderate ductility and toughness. Due to these properties, this alloy is mainly used for highly stressed structural parts. This material has a wide range of application such as aircraft fittings, gears and shafts, fuse parts, meter shafts and gear, missile parts , regulating valve parts, worm gears, keys and various other parts of commercial aircrafts and aerospace vehicles.
INVESTIGATION ON FRICTION STIR WELDING OF SIMILAR ALUMINIUM ALLOYS (AA6061) ...RenukaReddyVudumula
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is the latest innovative and most complex process that is widely applied to the welding of lightweight alloys, such as aluminum alloys. this process provides the frictional heating and plastic deformation realized at the interaction between a non-consumable welding tool that rotates on the contact surfaces of the work-pieces. The welding tool is positioned vertically on the material and then moved at welding speed along the joint line.
The plasticized material is transferred behind the tool, forming a welded joint.
In this research, a new approach for friction-stir welding of similar alloys of aluminum alloy 6061 and using cerium particles. The weld mechanical properties of the welds were investigated in this research. The effects of friction-stir welding process parameters such as tool rotational and traverse speeds were also examined. Mechanical properties of the welded parts will be examined by using tensile test, Impact test, and Hardness test.
This presentation contains the basics of the composites, types of the composites and the processing of the composites or we can say that manufacturing of the composites. This presentation can also help who are working on the de-lamination of the laminates.
The important points of composite materials are mentioned. This file includes, what is composite materials, its classifications, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN METALIAEME Publication
Composite materials have gained traction in the world today and are becoming of common use in industrial and specialized applications in general due to their flexible nature that involves mixing through layers or matrixes the components of various substances and therefore, a percentage of each substance’s physical properties. In recent years there has been an increasing concern for industries to use cost effective reinforcement for metal materials like aluminum which is abundant cheap, with various desirable properties like its lightness, but lacks the strength for various applications – ceramic materials such as SiC and aluminum oxide are used generally for reinforcing the aluminum MMC. There is a good probability, backed up by tests for certain materials, that reinforcing metals with composites can increase failure displacement, fatigue life, ultimate failure load and energy absorption capacity, amongst many others by substantial amounts.
This content include Friction stir additive manufacturing,friction stir welding , additive manufacturing , need , steps, working principle, result, deffect, process parametre
This paper presents a unique experiment based on a very small and emerging sector of automotive industry, i.e. reverse Trikes or three wheeled vehicles. A REVERSE TRIKE is a vehicle which has two wheels up front and one in the back. A reverse trike is basically a vehicle having two wheels in the front and one on rear side. Most cars have the engine driving the rear wheel and leave steering to the front ones. Some are eco-friendly human powered vehicle with a compounded electric drive system and some are powered by I.C. Engines. The incidence of accidental deaths has shown an increasing trend during the period 2003-2012 with an increase of 51.8% in the year 2012 as compared to 2002; Because of the fact that that these vehicles are very safe to drive and will be very less to become accident prone these three wheelers could be the future of the automotive sector, In the early 20th century three-wheelers gained in popularity as low-cost, lightweight vehicle that is, until about the late 1920s, when cars generally started going more along the four-wheel track. The main aim of this research paper is to evaluate the performance of a three wheeled vehicle based on leaning mechanism and to develop a transition mechanism namely tilt lock system which can transform the leaning vehicle into non- leaning and vice versa according to the requirement. The conceptual design of the project model is based on the study of several literatures related to reverse trike. The mechanisms used for available reverse trikes are very costly and electronics based. So we want to design the mechanism which can overcome the drawbacks of the existing design of a conventional vehicle and also it should take benefit of the three-wheeled transportation and it should also contain the features of an electric vehicle because it is environment friendly. Now for making the system cost effective we have incorporated mechanical leaning system in our design so as eliminate the costly electronic components. The main advantage of this mechanism is that it makes the vehicle more stable during high speed turns so that even a reverse trike can take a turn like a sports bike by leaning to its side. The results of experimental testing are presented to illustrate the real balancing performance of the combined steering and tilting approach used for the Leaning reverse trike that is very economical and fairly simple to drive. In this research it is found that the performance, handling and safety of the Leaning Reverse Trike are much better than any other commercially available three wheelers. The actual fabricated prototype is named as “KLISIâ€Â
INVESTIGATION ON FRICTION STIR WELDING OF SIMILAR ALUMINIUM ALLOYS (AA6061) ...RenukaReddyVudumula
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is the latest innovative and most complex process that is widely applied to the welding of lightweight alloys, such as aluminum alloys. this process provides the frictional heating and plastic deformation realized at the interaction between a non-consumable welding tool that rotates on the contact surfaces of the work-pieces. The welding tool is positioned vertically on the material and then moved at welding speed along the joint line.
The plasticized material is transferred behind the tool, forming a welded joint.
In this research, a new approach for friction-stir welding of similar alloys of aluminum alloy 6061 and using cerium particles. The weld mechanical properties of the welds were investigated in this research. The effects of friction-stir welding process parameters such as tool rotational and traverse speeds were also examined. Mechanical properties of the welded parts will be examined by using tensile test, Impact test, and Hardness test.
This presentation contains the basics of the composites, types of the composites and the processing of the composites or we can say that manufacturing of the composites. This presentation can also help who are working on the de-lamination of the laminates.
The important points of composite materials are mentioned. This file includes, what is composite materials, its classifications, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN METALIAEME Publication
Composite materials have gained traction in the world today and are becoming of common use in industrial and specialized applications in general due to their flexible nature that involves mixing through layers or matrixes the components of various substances and therefore, a percentage of each substance’s physical properties. In recent years there has been an increasing concern for industries to use cost effective reinforcement for metal materials like aluminum which is abundant cheap, with various desirable properties like its lightness, but lacks the strength for various applications – ceramic materials such as SiC and aluminum oxide are used generally for reinforcing the aluminum MMC. There is a good probability, backed up by tests for certain materials, that reinforcing metals with composites can increase failure displacement, fatigue life, ultimate failure load and energy absorption capacity, amongst many others by substantial amounts.
This content include Friction stir additive manufacturing,friction stir welding , additive manufacturing , need , steps, working principle, result, deffect, process parametre
This paper presents a unique experiment based on a very small and emerging sector of automotive industry, i.e. reverse Trikes or three wheeled vehicles. A REVERSE TRIKE is a vehicle which has two wheels up front and one in the back. A reverse trike is basically a vehicle having two wheels in the front and one on rear side. Most cars have the engine driving the rear wheel and leave steering to the front ones. Some are eco-friendly human powered vehicle with a compounded electric drive system and some are powered by I.C. Engines. The incidence of accidental deaths has shown an increasing trend during the period 2003-2012 with an increase of 51.8% in the year 2012 as compared to 2002; Because of the fact that that these vehicles are very safe to drive and will be very less to become accident prone these three wheelers could be the future of the automotive sector, In the early 20th century three-wheelers gained in popularity as low-cost, lightweight vehicle that is, until about the late 1920s, when cars generally started going more along the four-wheel track. The main aim of this research paper is to evaluate the performance of a three wheeled vehicle based on leaning mechanism and to develop a transition mechanism namely tilt lock system which can transform the leaning vehicle into non- leaning and vice versa according to the requirement. The conceptual design of the project model is based on the study of several literatures related to reverse trike. The mechanisms used for available reverse trikes are very costly and electronics based. So we want to design the mechanism which can overcome the drawbacks of the existing design of a conventional vehicle and also it should take benefit of the three-wheeled transportation and it should also contain the features of an electric vehicle because it is environment friendly. Now for making the system cost effective we have incorporated mechanical leaning system in our design so as eliminate the costly electronic components. The main advantage of this mechanism is that it makes the vehicle more stable during high speed turns so that even a reverse trike can take a turn like a sports bike by leaning to its side. The results of experimental testing are presented to illustrate the real balancing performance of the combined steering and tilting approach used for the Leaning reverse trike that is very economical and fairly simple to drive. In this research it is found that the performance, handling and safety of the Leaning Reverse Trike are much better than any other commercially available three wheelers. The actual fabricated prototype is named as “KLISIâ€Â
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Al 7075 Alloy, Flyash, SiC and Redmud ...ijsrd.com
Aluminium alloys are widely used in aerospace automobile industries due to their low density and good mechanical properties, better corrosion resistance and wear, low thermal coefficient of expansion as compared to convention metals and alloys. The main aim involved in the present work is focused on study of mechanical properties of Al7075 alloy composite having varying weight percentages of 3% - 6% of Silicon Carbide, Fly ash and Red mud were fabricated by liquid metallurgy (Stir Casting) method. The casted composite specimens were machined as per BS: 18: 1962 test standards. The result obtained reveals that tensile strength, impact strength and wear resistance is higher in Al7075-SiC-Redmud samples when compared to Al7075-SiC-Flyash samples.
STUDIES ON ALUMINIUM-SILICON EUTECTIC ALLOY CASTING AND DESIGN APPROACH OF IT...IAEME Publication
LM-6 alloy, an eutectic alloy of Aluminium and Silicon is widely used in automobile industries and aircraft industries due to its high strength to weight ratio, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance etc. In this project work, to improve the mechanical properties of LM-6 alloy such as tensile strength, hardness and percentage elongation, modification treatment is carried out along with grain refinement, fluxing and degassing. Modification is a treatment of metal in molten condition which leads to the formation of fine grain structure improves the mechanical properties of the metal.
A study on characterization of Al-18%Si alloy by centrifuge castingdbpublications
Aluminum-silicon alloy are characterized by light weight, good strength –to-weight ratio, ease of fabrication of at reasonable cost, high strength at elevated temperature, good thermal conductivity, excellent castability, good weldability, excellent corrosion and wear resistance property. Thus, these types of alloys are well suited for automotive industries, aerospace structural and military applications. In centrifuge casting solidification rate is faster compared to gravity casting, but still solidification depends on various process parameters like, cooling temperature of molten metal, rotational speed of the die and also wall thickness of die. In centrifuge casting the silicon deposition in aluminum varies from top to bottom. Here Al-Si functionally graded material is used and developed under centrifuge casting. The method used in this work to produce functionally graded material is totally different from other centrifugal casting which helped in producing solid cylindrical parts. This report describes about mechanical characterization of Al-18%Si at different temperature. At 950°C casting shows good ultimate tensile strength and harder metal compared to other casting.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. Abstract
Why this Project?
Introduction
Composition of Composites
Matrix material properties
Reinforcement material properties
Methodology
Testing
1. Hardness Test
2. Wear Test
Conclusion
3. Now a day’s Composites plays a key role in all manufacturing sectors
where the materials are required to have good mechanical
properties. Aluminium 7075 alloy with Silicon Carbide (SiC) as
reinforcement is used in high wear resistant and creep resistance
applications. Due to the concepts of high strength to low weight
ratio, Al 7075 was extensively applied in aircraft engine and wings.
For further enhancement of properties for increasing its applicability,
Al 7075 is reinforced with SiC. The Al 7075 and SiC were weighed by
using sensitive balance and were mixed on the basis of their weight
ratios.
4. Composites are improving the design process and end
products across industries, from aerospace to renewable energy.
Composites offer design options that would be hard to achieve with
traditional materials.
Each year, composites continue to replace traditional materials like
steel and aluminum. As composite costs come down and design
flexibility improves, it opens up new design opportunities for
engineers
5. A material system composed of two or more phySiCally distinct
phases whose combination produces aggregate properties that are
different from those of its constituents.
The constituents retain their identities in composite; i.e. they do not
dissolve or otherwise merge completely into each other, although
they act in concert.
The main advantages of composite materials are their high strenght ,
stiffness , low cost, light in weight and high durable.
Composite materials can be found in Aerospace industry, Cement
buildings, Automotive parts, Trees are technically composite
materials, high performance machines, etc.
6. Generally, all composite material consist of two phases:
1. Matrix - Forms the matrix within which the secondary phase is
imbedded.
• “Aluminum 7075” is the matrix material we used.
2. Reinforcement - Imbedded phase sometimes referred to as a
reinforcing agent, because it usually serves to strengthen the
composite.
• “Silicon Carbide ” is the reinforcement material we used.
7. Aluminium 7075 (Al 7075) :
1. 7075 Aluminium alloy can be further improved by how it is
strengthening using a process known as heat treatment.
2.Temperinng method can use high heat(300-500 C) to reconfigure
metal’s crystal structure to strengthen its overall mechanical
properties, and can literally make-or-break a material.
3.There are many methods of tempering 7075 Aluminium, but
simplify this article, we will highlight T6 tempered 7075 Aluminium
alloy .
4.7075-T6 is a common temper for Aluminium plate and bar stock.
5.However , it is important to know that each tempering process
gives 7075 Aluminium its own distinct values and characteristics
8. Low density, High strength, Good high temperature strength
(reaction bonded) Oxidation resistance (reaction bonded) Excellent
thermal shock resistance, High hardness and wear resistance,
Excellent chemical resistance, Low thermal expansion and high
thermal conductivity.
Fixed and moving turbine components Seals, bearings, pump vanes
Ball valve parts, Wear plates, Kiln furniture, Heat
exchangers, Semiconductor wafer processing equipment.
9. Out of various furnaces, bottom pouring furnace is
suitable for fabrication of metal matrix composites
in stir casting route, this type of furnace consist of
automatic bottom pouring technique which
provides instant pouring of the melt mix (matrix
and reinforcement).
Firstly the Al 7075 rods are placed inside the
furnance and melted at 500C with the help of
electrical heaters, the sensors inside the machine
gives information of temperature of the rods.
Now the SiC is added into the furnance and the
stirring process has been started to form the
vortex.
10. Now the mixture is taken into the mold, with 12mm dia and 150mm
length.
The solidification takes place.
Oxygen in air forms oxide on metal, so inert gas is used to protect the
material as they won’t involve in chemical reaction.
11. Two different tests are conducted on the molded specimen, they are:
1. Hardness Test
• Before Heat Treatment
• After Heat Treatment
2. Wear Test
12. Hardness is a measure of how much a material
resists changes in shape. Ability of material to resist
wear, tear, scratching, abrasion cutting is called
Hardness.
This test undergoes on Micro Vickers Hardness Tester
After hardness test, the specimen undergo Heat Vickers Hardness machine
treatment in muffle furnace.
The specimen will constantly get heated at 400C for
2hrs, so that the specimen reaches to recrystallization
temperature.
After reaching the recrystallization temperature, the
specimen is placed in water to make it cool.
Muffle furnace
13. After the specimen get’s cooled, the hardness test is done again on
the specimen.
We can observe that there will be increase in hardness.
At recrystallization temperature the specimen is converted from
Coarse grain to Fine grain. Due to this the hardness of the specimen
Increases.
Here VHN means Vickers Hardness Number.
D1 and D2 are Diameters of Intender in Vickers hardness tester.
2 trails are done on each specimen, trail 1 at front end of the
specimen and trail 2 for rear end of the specimen
Formula for Vickers Hardness is,
HV= 1.854 (F/d) kgf/mm^2
14. Compositions Trail 1 Trail 2 VHN
D1 D2 VHN D1 D2 VHN
Al 7075+2% SiC 83 87 123 89 97 125 124
Al 7075+4% SiC 78 79 126 89 96 127 127.5
Al 7075+6% SiC 72 76 136 79 86 141 138.5
Al 7075+8% SiC 69 72 143 81 82 147 145
15. Compositions Trail 1 Trail 2 VHN
D1 D2 VHN D1 D2 VHN
Al 7075+2% SiC 79 83 138 67 89 141 140
Al 7075+4% SiC 77 78 149 78 93 145 147
Al 7075+6% SiC 69 56 156 78 91 159 157.5
Al 7075+8% SiC 82 68 167 82 79 162 164.5
16. Wear resistance is defined as the ability of stone to resist
comprehensive external forces such as abrasion, edge cutting and
impact etc, during service.
The amount of wear is calculated by the difference between initial
weight and final weight.
As per ASTM standards the work piece should be 12mm dia and
25mm length.
The sliding wear test was conducted
for applied load 9.81N for a sliding
distances of 200m, 400m and 600m.
After every test the wear was
documented to determine the wear
rate.
Wear test machine
17. S.no 1. Material 1. Initial
2. weight
1. Final
2. weight
1. Loss of
weight
1 Al 7075+ 2% SiC 11.949 11.9418 0.0072
2 Al 7075+ 4% SiC 11.968 11.9609 0.0071
3 Al 7075+ 6% SiC 11.468 11.4611 0.0069
4 Al 7075+ 8% SiC 11.548 11.5412 0.0068
Wear at 1kg load for 200m
18.
19. S.no Material Initial
weight
Final
weight
Loss of
weight
1 Al 7075+ 2% SiC 11.9418 11.9350 0.0068
2 Al 7075+ 4% SiC 11.9609 11.9542 0.0067
3 Al 7075+ 6% SiC 11.4611 11.4546 0.0065
4 Al 7075+ 8% SiC 11.5412 11.5348 0.0064
Wear at 1kg load for 400m
20.
21. S.no Material Initial
weight
Final
weight
Loss of
weight
1 Al 7075+2% SiC 11.9337 11.9204 0.0133
2 Al 7075+2% SiC 11.9530 11.9400 0.0130
3 Al 7075+2% SiC 11.4536 11.4409 0.0127
4 Al 7075+2% SiC 11.5339 11.5213 0.0126
Wear at 1kg load for 600m
22.
23. The conclusions of the research work undertaken are;
The Al 7075-SiC- metal matrix composite materials have been
fabricated by stir casting method followed by extrusion process.
The nano SiC particulates are evenly dispersed in the matrix alloy.
The micro hardness of Al 7075-SiC metal matrix composite material is
superior than the matrix material. The micro hardness increases by
12.2% by the addition of 2 wt.% of SiC particulates in aluminum (Al
7075) matrix alloy.
The inclusion of SiC particulates in Al 7075 matrix alloy significantly
enhanced the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the Al
7075-SiC 2 nano metal matrix composite materials.
Shows 40.32% increase in the compression strength as compared to
compression strength of aluminum (Al 7075) alloy.
24. The 8 wt.% of SiC reinforced aluminum (Al 7075)-SiC nano composite
shows 54.11% increase in the ultimate tensile strength as compared
to ultimate tensile strength of LM 13 alloy.
The inclusion of SiC particulates in Al 7075 matrix alloy significantly
enhanced the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the Al
7075-SiC 2 nano metal matrix composite materials. The 8 wt.% of SiC
reinforced aluminum (Al 7075)-SiC nano composite shows 54.11%
increase in the ultimate tensile strength as compared to ultimate
tensile strength of LM 13alloy.
The ductility of Al 7075-SiC- metal matrix composite material
decreases as compared to matrix alloy. The ductility decreases by
32.72% with the inducing of 2 wt.% of SiC-GR nano particulates in
aluminum (Al 7075) matrix alloy.
The compression strength increases as the fraction of reinforcement
enhances in the matrix material. The 8 wt.% of SiC-GRreinforced as-
cast aluminum (Al 7075)- SiC nano composite.