The document discusses the development of an aluminum metal matrix composite using Al 7075 alloy as the matrix and Al2O3 particles as reinforcement. Al2O3 particles with sizes between 50-150 microns were added to the aluminum alloy at weight fractions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The composite was fabricated using stir casting and specimens were tested for hardness, density, and dry wear behavior. Testing showed that hardness increased with higher Al2O3 content while density decreased slightly, indicating some porosity. Wear testing found that wear rate decreased with higher load and sliding distance but increased with speed. The coefficient of friction also decreased with more Al2O3 reinforcement. The composite demonstrated improved properties over the unreinforced
DEVELOPMENT AND TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DUAL PARTICLE AND TRIPLE PAR...ijmech
The this work the study on hardness and wear behaviour of dual particle and triple particle size Alumina (Al2O3) reinforced aluminium alloy based metal matrix composite (Al2O3-Al MMC) was carried out. AlMMCs were prepared using 10 vol% Al2O3 reinforcement into aluminium metal matrix and developed using stir casting process. Stir casting is a most suitable process for the production of particulate MMC in which the reinforcement is introduced in to the molten matrix material with simultaneous stirring. The reinforcement in the range of particle size with Dual particle and Triple particle at 10% olume fraction with range from coarse to fine size were used (210µ, 180µ, 80µ & 10µ).The hardness of the composite was
determined by Vickers hardness tester and Brinell Hardness Tester. Tensile strength was determined by Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The wear rate was found by pin-on-disc type wear testing machine with steel disc of 60HRC hardness in dry sliding condition. Wear test was conducted on all the samples
at speeds of 300,600 and 900 rpm by varying the load (2kg, 4kg, 6kg & 8kg) at a constant sliding distance of 55mm. The wear track studies were carried out by optical microscope .The test results showed that Dual particle composite and triple particle composite exhibited better hardness compared to as cast AL- 7075. Strength of Triple particle reinforced MMC was found to be higher than that of dual particle reinforced composite material. The wear resistance properties of dual particle MMC was higher compared to triple particle reinforced MMC. The secondary process will further enhances the wear resistance of the composite and also that heat treatment will promote the wear resistance.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash and Alumina Reinforced Aluminium ...IOSR Journals
The results of an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of fly ash and Alumina
reinforced aluminium alloy (LM25) composites samples, processed by stir casting route are reported in this
paper. Three sets of composites with constant weight fraction of fly ash (particle size of 3-100 μm) and
Al2O3(particle size of 150 μm) with different wt% were used. Composite samples have the reinforcement weight
fractions of constant 3% fly Ash and varying %wt of 5, 10 and 15% Al2O3 . The main mechanical properties
studied were the tensile strength,ductilityimpact strength & hardness. Unreinforced LM25 samples were also
tested for the same properties. It was found that the tensile strength & hardness of the aluminium alloy (Lm25)
composites increases with the increase in %wt of Al2O3 upto certain limit. in addition of more amount of
reinforcement the Tensile strength decrease due to poor wettability of the reinforced material with metal
aluminium matrix .And the charpy test shows decrease in impact load absorption with increase in %weight
reinforcement.The Microstructure study of the samples indicated near uniform distribution of the fly ash and
Al2O3 particles in the matrix. LM25 alloy is mainly used where good mechanical properties are required in
castings of a shape or dimensions requiring an alloy of excellent castability in order to achieve the desired
standard of soundness.The alloy is also used where resistance to corrosion is an important consideration
particularly where highstrength is also required.
Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMC’s) are widely used in aerospace, automotive,
structural and marine applications due to their high strength to weight ratio, corrosion
resistance. In AMC one of constituent is aluminium or its alloy which forms a network
called as matrix phase and other constituent is embedded in matrix made of harder material
generally ceramic or non metallic material called as reinforcement. Various processing
techniques are available for manufacturing of AMC’s. Stir casting is one of the economical
and extensively used methods to enhance attractive properties of AMC’s. This paper
presents an overview of stir casing process, process parameter and preparation of AMC
using aluminium alloy as matrix phase and alumina (Al2O3) as reinforcement by varying
their proportion.
DEVELOPMENT AND TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DUAL PARTICLE AND TRIPLE PAR...ijmech
The this work the study on hardness and wear behaviour of dual particle and triple particle size Alumina (Al2O3) reinforced aluminium alloy based metal matrix composite (Al2O3-Al MMC) was carried out. AlMMCs were prepared using 10 vol% Al2O3 reinforcement into aluminium metal matrix and developed using stir casting process. Stir casting is a most suitable process for the production of particulate MMC in which the reinforcement is introduced in to the molten matrix material with simultaneous stirring. The reinforcement in the range of particle size with Dual particle and Triple particle at 10% olume fraction with range from coarse to fine size were used (210µ, 180µ, 80µ & 10µ).The hardness of the composite was
determined by Vickers hardness tester and Brinell Hardness Tester. Tensile strength was determined by Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The wear rate was found by pin-on-disc type wear testing machine with steel disc of 60HRC hardness in dry sliding condition. Wear test was conducted on all the samples
at speeds of 300,600 and 900 rpm by varying the load (2kg, 4kg, 6kg & 8kg) at a constant sliding distance of 55mm. The wear track studies were carried out by optical microscope .The test results showed that Dual particle composite and triple particle composite exhibited better hardness compared to as cast AL- 7075. Strength of Triple particle reinforced MMC was found to be higher than that of dual particle reinforced composite material. The wear resistance properties of dual particle MMC was higher compared to triple particle reinforced MMC. The secondary process will further enhances the wear resistance of the composite and also that heat treatment will promote the wear resistance.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash and Alumina Reinforced Aluminium ...IOSR Journals
The results of an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of fly ash and Alumina
reinforced aluminium alloy (LM25) composites samples, processed by stir casting route are reported in this
paper. Three sets of composites with constant weight fraction of fly ash (particle size of 3-100 μm) and
Al2O3(particle size of 150 μm) with different wt% were used. Composite samples have the reinforcement weight
fractions of constant 3% fly Ash and varying %wt of 5, 10 and 15% Al2O3 . The main mechanical properties
studied were the tensile strength,ductilityimpact strength & hardness. Unreinforced LM25 samples were also
tested for the same properties. It was found that the tensile strength & hardness of the aluminium alloy (Lm25)
composites increases with the increase in %wt of Al2O3 upto certain limit. in addition of more amount of
reinforcement the Tensile strength decrease due to poor wettability of the reinforced material with metal
aluminium matrix .And the charpy test shows decrease in impact load absorption with increase in %weight
reinforcement.The Microstructure study of the samples indicated near uniform distribution of the fly ash and
Al2O3 particles in the matrix. LM25 alloy is mainly used where good mechanical properties are required in
castings of a shape or dimensions requiring an alloy of excellent castability in order to achieve the desired
standard of soundness.The alloy is also used where resistance to corrosion is an important consideration
particularly where highstrength is also required.
Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMC’s) are widely used in aerospace, automotive,
structural and marine applications due to their high strength to weight ratio, corrosion
resistance. In AMC one of constituent is aluminium or its alloy which forms a network
called as matrix phase and other constituent is embedded in matrix made of harder material
generally ceramic or non metallic material called as reinforcement. Various processing
techniques are available for manufacturing of AMC’s. Stir casting is one of the economical
and extensively used methods to enhance attractive properties of AMC’s. This paper
presents an overview of stir casing process, process parameter and preparation of AMC
using aluminium alloy as matrix phase and alumina (Al2O3) as reinforcement by varying
their proportion.
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy (LM6) Reinforced with SiC...IOSR Journals
This work deals with fabricating or producing aluminium based metal matrix composite and then
studying its microstructure and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength and wear
behavior of produced test specimen. In the present study a modest attempt has been made to develop aluminium
based MMCs with reinforcing material, with an objective to develop a conventional low cast method of
producing MMCs and to obtain homogeneous dispersion of reinforced material. To achieve this objective stir
casting technique has been adopted. Aluminium Alloy (LM6) and SiC, Fly Ash has been chosen as matrix and
reinforcing material respectively. Experiment has been conducted by varying weight fraction of Fly Ash ( 5%
and 15%) while keeping SiC constant(5%). The result shown that the increase in addition of Fly Ash increases
the Tensile Strength, Impact Strength, Wear Resistance of the specimen and decreases the percentage of
Elongation
Reinforcing Aluminium with other metals to form a composite, improves the physical
and chemical properties of it. In this study, Aluminium which forms the base matrix is
stir casted with various weight percentages of Cr2O3 and TiB2. The properties
corrosion in acidic medium and tensile strength of the composites, are tested using
experimental methods and finally analyzed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Seminar on tribological behaviour of alumina reinfoeced composite material na...Sidharth Adhikari
THIS SEMINAR IS ON TRIBOLOGY BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINA REINFOCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND BRAKE DISK MATERIAL
MTECH SECOND SEMESTER SEMINAR ,CENTRE FOR ADVANCE POST-GRADUATE STUDIES,BPUT,ROURKELA
Synthesis And Characterization of Aluminum –Silicon-Fly Ash Composite By Stir...IRJESJOURNAL
Abstract :- In this work aluminium 7075 as matrix and silicon carbide and fly ash as reinforcements has been used. The %wt of reinforcement are varied to study the difference in aluminium property. Following are the samples are aluminium 7075 as 100%, aluminium 7075 90% + 10% SiC, and aluminium 7075 90% + 10% fly ash. The materials are obtained by stir casting technique. During casting 300 grams of aluminium has been taken as sample 1. 270grams of aluminium has been taken with 30grams of SiC as sample 2. The third sample is the mixture of 270grams of aluminium with 30grams of fly ash. Then the materials are made in the form of cylindrical rod of 30mm diameter and max length of 70mm. The composites are analysed for the mechanical study and the results are obtained based on hardness and the work has been extended to study the micro structure of the specimen by SEM analysis and Chemical Conformation.
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
A Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy (LM6) Reinforced with SiC...IOSR Journals
This work deals with fabricating or producing aluminium based metal matrix composite and then
studying its microstructure and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength and wear
behavior of produced test specimen. In the present study a modest attempt has been made to develop aluminium
based MMCs with reinforcing material, with an objective to develop a conventional low cast method of
producing MMCs and to obtain homogeneous dispersion of reinforced material. To achieve this objective stir
casting technique has been adopted. Aluminium Alloy (LM6) and SiC, Fly Ash has been chosen as matrix and
reinforcing material respectively. Experiment has been conducted by varying weight fraction of Fly Ash ( 5%
and 15%) while keeping SiC constant(5%). The result shown that the increase in addition of Fly Ash increases
the Tensile Strength, Impact Strength, Wear Resistance of the specimen and decreases the percentage of
Elongation
Reinforcing Aluminium with other metals to form a composite, improves the physical
and chemical properties of it. In this study, Aluminium which forms the base matrix is
stir casted with various weight percentages of Cr2O3 and TiB2. The properties
corrosion in acidic medium and tensile strength of the composites, are tested using
experimental methods and finally analyzed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Seminar on tribological behaviour of alumina reinfoeced composite material na...Sidharth Adhikari
THIS SEMINAR IS ON TRIBOLOGY BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINA REINFOCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND BRAKE DISK MATERIAL
MTECH SECOND SEMESTER SEMINAR ,CENTRE FOR ADVANCE POST-GRADUATE STUDIES,BPUT,ROURKELA
Synthesis And Characterization of Aluminum –Silicon-Fly Ash Composite By Stir...IRJESJOURNAL
Abstract :- In this work aluminium 7075 as matrix and silicon carbide and fly ash as reinforcements has been used. The %wt of reinforcement are varied to study the difference in aluminium property. Following are the samples are aluminium 7075 as 100%, aluminium 7075 90% + 10% SiC, and aluminium 7075 90% + 10% fly ash. The materials are obtained by stir casting technique. During casting 300 grams of aluminium has been taken as sample 1. 270grams of aluminium has been taken with 30grams of SiC as sample 2. The third sample is the mixture of 270grams of aluminium with 30grams of fly ash. Then the materials are made in the form of cylindrical rod of 30mm diameter and max length of 70mm. The composites are analysed for the mechanical study and the results are obtained based on hardness and the work has been extended to study the micro structure of the specimen by SEM analysis and Chemical Conformation.
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
Computer Science
Active and Programmable Networks
Active safety systems
Ad Hoc & Sensor Network
Ad hoc networks for pervasive communications
Adaptive, autonomic and context-aware computing
Advance Computing technology and their application
Advanced Computing Architectures and New Programming Models
Advanced control and measurement
Aeronautical Engineering,
Agent-based middleware
Alert applications
Automotive, marine and aero-space control and all other control applications
Autonomic and self-managing middleware
Autonomous vehicle
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
BioTechnology(Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Geology)
Broadband and intelligent networks
Broadband wireless technologies
CAD/CAM/CAT/CIM
Call admission and flow/congestion control
Capacity planning and dimensioning
Changing Access to Patient Information
Channel capacity modelling and analysis
Civil Engineering,
Cloud Computing and Applications
Collaborative applications
Communication application
Communication architectures for pervasive computing
Communication systems
Computational intelligence
Computer and microprocessor-based control
Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems
Computer Business
Computer Sciences and Applications
Computer Vision
Computer-based information systems in health care
Computing Ethics
Computing Practices & Applications
Congestion and/or Flow Control
Content Distribution
Context-awareness and middleware
Creativity in Internet management and retailing
Cross-layer design and Physical layer based issue
Cryptography
Data Base Management
Data fusion
Data Mining
Data retrieval
Data Storage Management
Decision analysis methods
Decision making
Digital Economy and Digital Divide
Digital signal processing theory
Distributed Sensor Networks
Drives automation
Drug Design,
Drug Development
DSP implementation
E-Business
E-Commerce
E-Government
Electronic transceiver device for Retail Marketing Industries
Electronics Engineering,
Embeded Computer System
Emerging advances in business and its applications
Emerging signal processing areas
Enabling technologies for pervasive systems
Energy-efficient and green pervasive computing
Environmental Engineering,
Estimation and identification techniques
Evaluation techniques for middleware solutions
Event-based, publish/subscribe, and message-oriented middleware
Evolutionary computing and intelligent systems
Expert approaches
Facilities planning and management
Flexible manufacturing systems
Formal methods and tools for designing
Fuzzy algorithms
Fuzzy logics
GPS and location-based app
Studies On Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Flyash Reinforced Al20...dbpublications
The aim is to study the mechanical property and Tribological behavior of Al2024/flyash composite with various weight fractions (3%, 6%, 9%) were prepared by squeeze casting method. The average particle size of flyash is 45-50 μm. In addition, Al2024 alloys were cast for comparison purposes. Microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of these composites were evaluated and compared with as-cast alloy and the composites. In addition, tribological properties of these composites were evaluated using a Pin-on-Disc apparatus with different parameters of varying loads of 10N and 50N and(with constant parameters such as time of 10 minutes, sliding velocity of 3 m/s, track diameter of 150mm).The microstructure of the composites shows homogenous distribution of flyash particles in the Al matrix composite. The wear and mechanical properties of composites improve with increasing the weight fraction of flyash. The aim of present study is to evaluate the effect of microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of aluminium alloy Al2024/flyash metal matrix composites
Effect of silicon carbide percentage on fracture toughness of aluminium silio...eSAT Journals
Abstract Metal matrix composites are composites in which one component will be a metal and other metal or non metal. It has wide applications in various fields like automobile, turbines blades etc which needs good mechanical properties. This thesis work studies about Aluminium Silicon Carbide metal matrix composites and their properties. Earlier studies revealed that as the percentage of Silicon Carbide is increased the properties get increased up to a limit and fracture toughness gets reduced beyond that. Here, in this work different percentage of SiC is added and fracture toughness is analyzed in terms of Stress intensity factor since fracture toughness cannot be calculated directly. Both software simulation and experimental methods has been done to find out the best percentage composition. Keywords: Metal matrix composites, Aluminium Silicon Carbide, Fracture Toughness, Stress Intensity Factor
STUDIES ON ALUMINIUM-SILICON EUTECTIC ALLOY CASTING AND DESIGN APPROACH OF IT...IAEME Publication
LM-6 alloy, an eutectic alloy of Aluminium and Silicon is widely used in automobile industries and aircraft industries due to its high strength to weight ratio, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance etc. In this project work, to improve the mechanical properties of LM-6 alloy such as tensile strength, hardness and percentage elongation, modification treatment is carried out along with grain refinement, fluxing and degassing. Modification is a treatment of metal in molten condition which leads to the formation of fine grain structure improves the mechanical properties of the metal.
Characterization of Al/WC/Fly ash Metal Matrix Compositesijtsrd
Metal matrix composites are formed by combination of two or more materials (at least one of the materials is metal) having dissimilar characteristics. In this present investigation, aluminium (Al 6061) as base matrix metal and tungsten carbide (WC) particulate, fly ash as reinforcements. Fabrication of MMCs was done by stir-casting process. The Tungsten Carbide particulate was added in proportions of 1%, 2%, and 3% and Fly ash was added in proportions of 2%, 4%, and 6% on mass fraction basis to the molten metal. The different combination sets of composites were prepared. Mechanical properties like tensile strength and hardness were studied for both reinforced and unreinforced Al 6061 samples. Microstructure examination was carried by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to obtain the distribution of tungsten carbide particulate and fly ash in base matrix. From the results, it was found that the tensile strength and the hardness of the prepared metal matrix composites increased with increase in tungsten carbide and fly ash content. The Scanning Electron Micrographs of the samples indicated uniform distribution of tungsten carbide and fly ash particles in the base matrix without voids before testing and with voids after testing. Nithin K"Characterization of Al/WC/Fly ash Metal Matrix Composites" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10937.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/10937/characterization-of-alwcfly-ash-metal-matrix-composites/nithin-k
Development of WC-Feal Composite by Stir Casting MethodDr. Amarjeet Singh
In this paper author make an effort to develop a new
material for fulfill the need of present requirement. This
material is developed by the using of stir casting method. A
AMMC’s composite are developed to fulfill the need of present
requirements. This composite material is prepared by the use
of 3 metals. These metals are iron (Fe), aluminum (Al) and
tungsten carbide (WC).Thus this composite come under metal
matrix composite. This composite is WC – FeAl composite.
This is prepared by the use of stir casting method. The base
metals are iron and aluminum. These are having equal
quantity by weight. In this the sample is prepared by the
change the of percentage reinforcement. This is varying from
0 to 3%. A test is conduct to check their tensile strength as
well as compressive strength. By these test it is confirm that
with the increase the percentage of reinforcement in the
composite their tensile strength is decrease but their
compressive strength is increase.
Study of Wear Behavior of Aluminum based MMCs using Taguchi MethodsRSIS International
composite material is a material system composed of a mixture or combination of two or more micro or macro constituents that differ in form and chemical composition and which are essentially insoluble in each other. Stir casting method is used to fabricate Metal Matrix composites (MMCs) having fly ash in 3, 6, 9 wt% and e-glass fibre in 3 wt%. The dry sliding wear tests were conducted on composite material using a pin-on-disc wear testing setup with a normal pin load of 20N, 40N and 60N, and wear rate for each load is calculated for different sliding speeds. Analytical modelling of composite material is carried out by Taguchi’s design of experiments (DOE) using L27 orthogonal array. The experimental results were transformed into a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the design parameters significantly influencing the wear rate of the composite material. Based on the experimental results, a multiple linear regression model was developed. A regression equation thus generated establishes correlation between the significant terms obtained from ANOVA, namely, load, sliding speed, fly ash content and their interactions. In order to validate the regression model, confirmation wear tests were conducted with parameter levels that were different from those used for analysis. The error associated with the relationship between the experimental values and the computed values of the regression model for hybrid composites was around ±5%.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Compositesijtsrd
Using Al, Al2O3 and SiC, different types of composites have been prepared in this experiment. Green compacts of Al composites were made at a compressing load of 1 ton and 2 ton respectively. These compacts were sintered at two different sintering temperatures of 400 °C and 450 °C in an oxygen free environment using muffle furnace for one hour followed by annealing process which took 12 hours. Sintered compacts were then sintered to micro structural examination and mechanical properties evaluation. Higher hardness has been attained for the composites containing 2.5 SiC. Attempts have been made to describe the influence of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of Al Al2O3 SiC composites. Samples are prepared of 100 Al, 97.5 Al 2.5 Al2O3, 92.5 Al 7.5 Al2O3, 95 Al 2.5 Al2O3 – 2.5 SiC, 92.5 Al 5 Al2O3 – 2.5 SiC, 95 Al – 5 Al2O3. The main objective of this experiment is to determine the factors that can increase hardness of Al composites. Mohd Quasim Khan ""Effect of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Composites"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25073.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/25073/effect-of-sintering-temperature-on-mechanical-properties-of-aluminum-composites/mohd-quasim-khan
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
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Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
1. International Journal ofEngineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
NCERAME-2015 Conference Proceedings
437
Wear Characterization of Al 7075 –Al2O3 Metal
Matrix Composite Fabricated by Stir Casting Process
Raghavendra N,
Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, B N M Institute of Technology,
Bangalore.,
V S Ramamurthy
Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Don Bosco Institute of Technology,
Bangalore
Abstract- The present work aims at development
of particulate metal matrix composite using
Aluminum alloy(AL 7075) as the matrix material
and alumina(Al2O3) as Reinforcement.Al2o3 is
reinforced in the weight fraction of 5% ,10% ,15%
and 20% with the particle size varying between 50
microns to 150 microns .The aluminum alloy was
melted at 700°C in an electrical heating furnace
for 20 minutes and the reinforcement is heated
separately at 950° C was added in the form of
powder.The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes at
the temperature of 730°C,then poured in to the
sand mold. Optical micro graph of the developed
composite was obtained to demonstrate the
distribution of the reinforcement in the
matrix.The hardness testswas carried out to
determine the effect of reinforcement on the
hardness of the composites. It is observed that the
hardness of the composite increases with the
increase in weight fraction of the
reinforcement.The density of the composite
determined theoretically and experimentally
shows the presence of porosity up to maximum of
25% ,which indicates degassing process to be
carried out to reduce it. The wear test carried out
at various speed,load and sliding distance which
indicates improvement in the mechanical
properties of the composites. The wear resistance
of the composite was found to reduce with the
increase in the weight fraction of the
reinforcement. The wear resistance was found to
decrease with increase in speed, but it increases
with the increase in load and sliding distance for
all specimens.The coefficient of friction was found
to decrease with the increase in weight fraction of
the reinforcement.The investigation carried out
will lead to development of the composite system
with high strength, improved wear resistant,light
weight for automobile parts like disc brake,piston,
cylinder liner, drive shaft etc.
Key words - Wear, Al7075/Al2O3, Stir casting,
Weight fraction.
I INTRODUCTION
The innovation in the materials domain opened
unlimited possibility for the modern automobile and
aircraft industries to develop light weight & high
strength parts. The main objective of developing
composite with new material system is to obtain high
strength,l ight weight, high wear resistance& fuel
efficient, pollution free, recyclable properties. The
Metal Matrix composite is an unique material system
which try to address all the requirement of the
modern material behavior. The light weight metals
like Aluminum, Titanium and Magnesium are
researched more intensively along with their alloy in
different percentage of additives. The work on
composite began in 1920s from then various
combinations of alloy and reinforcements are
investigated. The commercialization and
industrialization of the new materials depends on the
cost of production, availability, recyclability and
establishment of standards for design and
development. The process of developing and
commercializing needs the research data obtained on
all possible combinations, the idea which has to be
developed, & validated followed by pilot
development and prototype development, finally
application or development for commercial use[1].
The reinforcing material selected as ceramic material
as they are light weight and have the capacity to
withstand high temperature and wear. The combined
density of reinforcement and matrix in a composite
material is very less as compared to conventional
materials like steel and cast iron .The reinforcement
are of oxides, carbides, borides. The oxides are more
stable at high temperature with the aluminum alloy
hence more widely used ceramics are oxides. The
reinforcement shape chosen will have effect on the
properties and cost of production. The powdered
2. International Journal ofEngineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
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form of the reinforcement i.e. Particulates of various
sizes from micro to nano range were investigated for
the production of the MMC.The cost and availability
of the reinforcement will popularize the usage of
composites for mass production. Most of the
investigations were carried on silicon carbide and
aluminum oxide from the beginning. The silicon
carbide(SiC)is costlier compared to alumina(Al2O3),
also presence of carbon in SiC will give rise to
interface reactions in aluminum matrix. Careful
control of the melting temperature and mixing time is
essential for composite development with SiC. In
Al/Al2O3 reinforced composite the reinforcement is
more stable at high temperature and improved
properties are obtained. 40% of the final product cost
depends on the material cost and 30% of the cost
depends on the manufacturing process. As the
alumina is readily available in particulate form,which
are more easily fabricated by low cost stir casting
process. The stir casting also provides uniform
distribution of the reinforcement to get isotropic
properties for the composite.
The stir casting process is one of the liquid state
process which is also called as compo casting. The
process is carried out by melting the matrix in an
furnace, a vortex is created by continuously stirring
the melt and addition of the reinforcement in the
particulate form by direct pouring or through
pressured gas. Care must be taken to avoid
entrapment of the gas to avoid porosity. The
temperature of the melt is kept at optimum level to
maintain the required density so that the
reinforcement will not either sink to the bottomof the
crucible or float at the top of the melt due to
mismatch of the density of the reinforcement and
molten matrix. Dispersion strengthened composite
will have restrictions on the moment of the
dislocations due to distribution of the reinforcement.
The degree of strengthening depends on amount of
particulate volume fraction distribution, shape & size
of particles etc. Alumina has received attention as
reinforcing material due to its low cost, availability,
high strength and hardness. Researchers studied
mica, alumina, silicon carbide, clay, graphite as
reinforcement in the production of composites. The
volume fraction of the particulates are less than 30%
for structural application and as high as 70% for the
packaging industries. It is generally accepted that
strength of the composite is controlled by matrix
material there-fore the researchers use 2xxx,6xxx and
7xxx series aluminum alloy for high strength.
The effect of reinforcement quantity on the
composite is significant. The volume fraction or
weight fraction of reinforcement alters the
mechanical properties of the composite materials.
The strength and wear resistance of the composite
can be improved significantly by addition of the
various percentages of reinforcements as compared to
unreinforced alloy. Most of the research has been
carried out to study the strength of the composite
with respect to weight fraction but the inherent
property of the Al2O3 makes it necessary to
investigate the wear and friction behavior .The parts
like disc brake, piston, cylinder liner which
experiences higher wear can be fabricated by
composite based on the wear behavior at high speed,
load and temperature conditions. The effect of Al2O3
particles weight fraction and size on the properties of
the composite was studied [6].addition of Al2O3
particulate toA365- aluminum alloy increases dry
wear [13] Addition of Mg and Zr up to 1% in
aluminum will increase the strength and toughness by
wetting the reinforcement.
EXPERIMENT
The objective of the present study is to incorporate
the ceramic particles in to the matrix by melting and
stirring. The reinforcement is added to the matrix
which is in the liquid state. The fig 1 shows the stir
casting process in which the stirrer is used to disperse
the reinforcement particle to get homogeneity by
inducing vortex.
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Fig 1. Stircastingprocess set up.
The aluminum alloy used for the present study was
Al7075 supplied by Hindalco Ltd , which contains Zn
as major alloying element(6.1%).The matrix material
has good response to heat treatment and age
hardening. It is light weight and withstands high
temperature compared to other series of alloy. The
composition and properties of the Al7075 is shown in
table 1.
Table1. Composition and Properties of AL-7075
Mechanical
properties
Hardness –Brinell 150
Ultimate tensile
strength
572MPa
Tensile yield strength 503MPa
Elongation at beak 11%
Modulus of Elasticity 71.7GPa
Poission’s ratio 0.33
Fatigue strength 159MPa
Machinability 70%
Shear modulus 26.9GPa
Shear strength 331Mpa
The reinforcement material selected is Alumina
(Al2O3) supplied by Rolex Ltd, in the form of powder
of particle size 50 to 200 microns. The properties of
alumina is shown in table 2. The weight fractions of
the particulates are 5%,10%,15% and 20% .For one
kg melt the reinforcement material for 5% weight
fraction was 50gms and matrix material was
950gms.Simillarly for the weight fraction of
10%,15% ,20% the reinforcement of 100gms,150
gms ,200gms were used.
Table 2. Properties of Alumina
Property values
MeltingPoint°C 2072
Hardness(kg/mm2) 1175
Density(g/cm3) 3.69
Coefficientof thermal
expansion(micron/m‘C)
8.1
Fracture Toughness 3.5
Poission’sratio 0.21
Colour White
The matrix material was in the form of bar of
20mmX20mm c/s and 100 mm length which are
cleaned, placed inside the graphite crucible and
melted in electric furnace.The melting temperature
was kept at 700° C so as to get the desired viscosity
of the melt.The reinforcement particles were heated
to 950° C separately and added to the melt ,the
stirring of the mixture was carried by alumina rod to
get uniform distribution of particles. The melt was
degasified and the slag was removed manually before
pouring. The stirring was continued for 10 minutes
and the melt was poured in to the sand mold. The
castings was obtained in the form of rod diameter
20mm and length 200mm.The pouring temperature
was recorded as 650° C.
The casted specimens were turned to reduce the
diameter to 16mm their by removing the oxide layer
and rough surface from the castings. The specimen
with diameter 16mm and length 30 mm were used for
hardness test and microstructure analysis. The wear
test specimens were prepared with diameter 12mm
and length 25mm.
Element Weight
Si 0.4
Fe 0.5
Mn 0.3
Mg 2.9
Cu 2
Zn 6.1
Ti 0.2
Cr 0.28
Al 87.32
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Results and Discussion
The microstructure characterization was carried out
as per ASTM E407 standards in which the specimen
id grinded initially followed by polishing with
300,600, 800, 1000, 1200 grit size sand paper.The
samples are grounded on golden touch 1,2,3,4 grit
size emery sheet. Polishing the specimens were
carried out with diamond paste and followed by
etching by kellers solution. The optical micrograph
was obtained at 50x in etched and un etched
condition for all the casted specimens, the
microstructure is as shown in the fig 2.
a) b)
(c) (d)
Fig 2. Optical micrograph of composite with Various weight
fraction.a)Al 7075with 5% Al2O3,b) Al 7075 with10% Al2O3,c)
Al 7075 with 15% Al2O3,d) Al 7075 with 20% Al2O3
The theoretical density and experimental density
were calculated and compared to get the amount of
porosity in the composite.The hardness test
conducted with the Brinell and Vickers harness
tester.The hardness measured was bulk hardness
which is an average estimation of hardness. The load
of 250 kg with 5mm ball indenter was used for
Brinell test and 20kg load and 10 seconds dwell was
used for Vickers hardness test. The BHN, VHN and
density for various weight fraction of reinforcement
are shown in fig 3& 4.
The wear test was carried out by pin on disc wear
test machine (wear and friction monitor –TR20 )
supplied by DUCOM, Bangalore. The wear test
conducted as per ASTM G99 standards under dry
condition. The specimen in the form of pin diameter
12 mm and length 25mm were inserted in the collet
and made to contact against the rotating disc of EN
40 steel of 60 HRC. The surface finish of the disc
was 1.6Ra.The load on the pin material is applied
through the dead weight. wear in micron was
measured by LVDT and friction force by load cell.
The wear rate was calculated based on the volume
loss and sliding distance.
Fig 3. Brinell and Vickers hardness Values for
various weight fractions
Fig 4. Theoretical and Experimental Density for
various weight fractions
The tests were carried out in phases at varying load
on pin ,varying speed of the disc and varying sliding
distance of pin. The liner wear indicated by the wear
monitor was recorded and wear rate was calculated
for all the three phases of the test.The plot of the
3.515 3.343 3.159 2.98
2.683 2.656 2.586 2.55
0
1
2
3
4
5% Al2O3 10%Al2O3 15% Al2O3 20%Al2O3
Theoritical density Experimental Density
121 132 121 121
240
116 129
181
0
100
200
300
5% Al2O3 10%
Al2O3
15%
Al2O3
20%Al2O3
Brinell Hardness number
Vickers hardness number
100µm
100µm
100µm
100µm
a
c
b
d
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wear rate vs load,wear rate vs speed and wear rate vs
sliding distance are shown in fig 5 ,6 & 7.
Fig 5 variation of wear rate with applied load of 1kg,2kgand
3kg for speed of 300rpm and slidingdistance of 2000m
Fig 6 variation of wear rate with applied slidingdistance of
2km,2km & 3k m forspeed of300 rpm and load 2 kg.
Fig 7 variation of wear rate with applied speed 300, 600, 900,
1200& 1500rpm for load of 2kgand sliding distance of2000m
The variation of wear vs speed, load, weight
fraction is as shown in fig 8,9,10.As determined by
the winducom software with the data acquisition
system.
Fig 8 variation of wear with timeas indicated by the winducom
software forvarying weight fraction of the reinforcement
Fig 9 variation of wear with timeas indicated by the winducom
software for varying load on the specimen pin.
Fig 10 variation of wear with time as indicated by the
winducom software for varying speed of the disc.
The coefficient of friction has to be associated with
the wear phenomenon has been recorded for all
conditions of the test parameter. It is calculate by
recorded frictional force and applied load. The
0
2
4
6
5% Al2O3 10% Al2O3 15%Al2O3 20%Al2O3
Wearrate10-3mm3/Nm
Reingorcement weight fraction
Wear Rate vs Weright fraction of
Reinforcement
1km 2km
0
10
20
3 0 0 6 0 0 9 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 8 0 0
WEARRATE10-3MM3/NM
SPEED RPM
W e ar Rate Vs W e r i g ht
Fr ac ti on Of Re i nfor c e me nt
Al7075 5%Al2O3 10%Al2O3
15%Al2O3 20%Al2O3
0
5
10
5% Al2O3 10% Al2O3 15%Al2O3 20%Al2O3
wearrate10-3mm3/Nm
Reingorcement weight fraction
Wear Rate vs Weright fraction of
Reinforcement at different Loads
1kg 2kg 3kg
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variation of the coefficient of friction was shown in
fig 11.The consolidated table 4 shows variation of all
the parameter found experimentally with the weight
fraction of reinforcement.
Fig 11 variation of coefficientof friction with time as indicated
by the winducom software forvarying load on the specimen
The mechanical test carried out on the specimen at
different condition and their values are tabulate in
table 3 and the comparison of the consolidated
properties of the composite are shown in fig 12.
Table 3. Consolidate Test results for varying weight
Fraction
The Al7075/Al2O3 particulate composite was
successfully developed by stir casting process using
sand mold. The particulate composite are suitable for
mass production by low cost stir casting process. The
uniform distribution can be achieved by stirring the
matrix and reinforcement at the optimum melting
temperature of 700°C.The availability and low cost
of the Al2O3 reinforcement proves itself as good
candidate for low cost, light weight and wear
resistant automotive parts. Isotropic property is
obtained with optimum stirring speed.
Fig12 variation ofthe mechanical test results foe varying
weight fractions of the Al2O3 reinforcement.
The density of composite was shown in fig 4
indicated the variation with weight fraction. It
increases with increase in weight fraction. The
porosity was is maximum for highest weight fraction
of reinforcement which is due to segregation and
entrapment of gases. The density of the composite is
still less than the conventional alloy like steel and
cast iron which can be used for light weight and fuel
efficient purpose. The variation of density values
from theoretical and experimental method is due to
porosity it was about 20%, which can be reduced by
secondary process like rolling, extrusion and forging.
The optical microstructure shown in fig 2 indicates
the presence of Al2O3 particles in the matrix of
Aluminum. The distribution of these particle depends
on the temperature of the melt and stirring speed.
More agglomeration can be noticed in case of higher
weight fraction of reinforcement.
The hardness table shows the increase in weight
fraction increases the hardness of the composite. The
uniform variation of the hardness can be obtained
with micro hardness test than the bulk hardness .The
0
100
200
300
Density x 10 Vickers hardness number
% void Wear micron
Wear rate x Coefficent of Friction x 10 -4
Specimen
code and
weight
fraction.
Density
Kg/m3
Vickers
Hardness
HV 30kg/15
sec
Wear Rate
10-4
mm3
/
N m
Coeffici
ents of
friction
Al7075 +5%
Al2O3
2683 116 2.795 0.152
Al7075 +
10% Al2O3
2656 132 2.882 0.132
Al7075
+15% Al2O3
2586 121 1.498 0.122
Al7075 +
20% Al2O3
2550 121 1.269 0.132
7. International Journal ofEngineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
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reinforcement particle influences the hardness but
reduces the ductility of the alloy.
The particle reinforce composite is primarily
developed for tribological application .The hard
particle SiC, Al2O3,B4C,TiB2etc. are added for wear
and strength , where as soft particles like
graphite,MSO2are added for friction control .The
behavior of these hard and soft particle exhibit
different wear and friction variation in the same
matrix under varying speed ,load and time. The wear
rate reduces with the increase in speed and lowest at
the speed of 300 rpm and 900 rpm. As the sliding
distance is increased the wear rate reduces .wear rate
increases with the increase in load. The reduction in
the wear rate is due to hard particles are in contact
with the disc material that are not worn out with the
increase in load or sliding distance.
The coefficient of friction reduces with the increase
in sliding distance, this variation is only little as the
but the noise and vibrations are observed at higher
speed and loads due to hard particle rubbing against
the hard disc material which produces the noise due
to excessive vibration and distortion of the pin. As
the reinforcement is hard ceramic it will influence the
reduction of the noise which can be possible with the
soft ceramic like graphite or MSO2 also.
Conclusion
1. Stir casting route for the development of
particulate composite is suitable and cost
effective method. Uniform distribution of
the reinforcement is obtained by stirring the
melt at 750°C.
2. Enhanced strength, wear resistance and low
cost composite can be developed with
Alumina (Al2O3) ceramics material. These
materials are fuel efficient and light weight
suitable for automobile and aircraft
applications.
3. Hardness of the composite increases with
the increase in weight fraction up to 30%
and further it intensity reduces .ceramic
particles increases the hardness at the same
time the material becomes brittle.Porosity
increases with weight fraction which can be
controlled by extrusion and rolling.
4. The density of the composite is in between
the density of matrix and reinforcement
material which is 50% less than the density
of steel and cast iron.
5. Wear resistance of Al7075/ Al2O3
particulate composite increases with the
weight fraction. Coefficient of friction
depends on the weight fraction which
reduces with increase in weight fraction.
6. The wear rate reduces with speed, but
increases with load and sliding distance.
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