The document describes a hand gesture controlled wheelchair. An accelerometer is used to sense hand movements and control the wheelchair's movement forward, backward, left, and right. An obstacle sensor uses IR transmission and reflection to detect objects behind the wheelchair. The system allows disabled and elderly users to control a wheelchair through simple hand gestures for increased mobility and independence.

2. HAND GESTURE CONTROLLED WHEEL CHAIR
MEMBERS
FATHIMATH MUFEERA
MAKISHA KRISHNAN
NAVYA GANGADHARAN
SUJITH KUMAR K S
FINAL YEAR ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG.
SADGURU SWAMI NITHYANDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(SSNIT)
KANHANGAD

3. INTRODUCTION
 The Wheelchair is an important way of transfer for
handicapped and aged people. Many researchers have
been developing intelligent wheelchairs due to the
increasing requirement of safer and more comfortable
wheelchairs.
 The aim behind the project is to be able to sense the
movement of a patient’s hand and use it to control the
movement of wheelchair
 An accelerometer used for this. This would give us the
acceleration sensed by the device in each axis. We use
this data to find the change in movement of vehicle
 It involves controlling the forward, backward, left and right
movement by just the flick of your palm.

4. 3-AXIS
ACCELEROMETER
MULTIPLEXER
ADC
VISUAL
INDICATIONS
MCUOBSTACLE
SENSOR
TRANSMITTER
GEARED
MOTOR
INTERFACE
OBSTACLE
SENSOR
RECEIVER-1
OBSTACLE
SENSOR
RECEIVER-2
GEARED
MOTOR-1
GEARED
MOTOR-2
WHEEL CHAIR
BLOCK DIAGRAM

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION
ACCELEROMETER
 Accelerometer can detect acceleration, inclination and
vibration by measuring motion in the x-,y- and z- axis
simultaneously
 Depending upon the relative motion of the hand it produces
appropriate voltages.
 These analog voltages will be converted to digital format for
the processing purpose of the microcontroller.

6. MULTIPLEXER
 Multiplexer is a device that selects one of several analog or digital input
signals and forwards the selected input into a single line.
 They are mainly used to increase the amount of data that can be sent over the
network.
 It is used to multiplex the analog out put from accelerometer to out the
selected one.
ADC (ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER).
o An analog-to-digital converter is a device that converts a continuous
quantity to a discrete digital number.
 An ADC is an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage to a
digital number proportional to the magnitude of the voltage or current.

7. MCU (MICROCONTROLLER UNIT)
o MCU is the microcontroller unit, which controls all the functions
of other blocks explained here.
o MCU takes or read data from the accelerometer and controls all
the functions of the whole system by manipulating these data
OBSTACLE SENSOR TRANSMITTER
o IR based wireless communication technology is used here.
o IR transmitter receiver pair is placed behind the wheel chair in
order to detect whether any object is present at the back side of
the chair.
o For detecting obstacle we use IR reflection method.
o The obstacle sensor transmitter emits IR radiation continuously.

8. OBSTACLE SENSOR RECEIVER
o The IR receiver or sensor is placed at the back side of the wheel
chair for detecting the obstacle. It is directly interfaced with the
MCU.
o IRED continuously emits IR radiation.
o If any obstacle is present behind the wheelchair it strikes on it and
will reflect back, which is detected by IR receiver or sensor placed in
the direction of reflecting radiation, is fed to the MCU.
MOTOR INTERFACE
 Motor driver circuit is required to provide an interface between the
5V logic signal from the microcontroller & the high current.
 The motor drive section should have the capability for accepting
the low level logical signal from the controller and to provide
necessary voltage and current excitation to the motor.

9. DC GEARED MOTOR
 Motor is used to drive the wheel chair.
 The motor should have torque and rpm to meet the
requirement like move the wheel chair by carrying battery and
circuit load.
 But DC motors are always comes with high rpm 2000 to 3000,
and with lesser torque. So usually geared DC motors are used.
 A 12V motor is preferable because which can be easily
connected to 12V battery.
VISUAL INDICATIONS
 Different colored LEDs are used here as the visual indicators.
 RED and GREEN LEDs are used here, if any obstacle is present in
the path of IR radiation RED LED becomes ON.
 LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are
increasingly used for lighting.

10. WORKING
 An accelerometer is a device that measures proper acceleration, the
acceleration experienced relative to freefall.
 Accelerometer will be connected to the hand.
 Depending upon the relative motion of the hand gestures it produces
appropriate voltages.
 Analog voltages will be converted to digital format for the processing
purpose of the microcontroller.

 The accelerometer is connected to the MCU through a multiplexer and
an ADC.

11.  The MCU is programmed in such a way that the data
coming from the accelerometer controls the movement
of wheel chair.
 An obstacle detector is also interfaced in this system in
order to detect whether any object is present at the
back side of the chair.
 For detecting obstacle we use IR reflection method.
 This we will transmit IR radiation to the obstacle.
 If any obstacle is present in the range of IR radiation it
will reflect back.
 Which is detected by IR receiver or sensor placed in the
direction of reflecting radiation.
 Output from the IR receiver is also fed to the MCU.

12. ADVANTAGES
 Increased mobility
 Increased Maneuverability
 Increased Physical Support
 Increase disabled peoples ability to live independently
 Increase the number of disabled people in employment

13. DISADVANTAGE
 The disadvantage faced by disabled people
imposes significant economic and social costs

14. APPLICATIONS
 Health care centers
 Old age home
 Physically handicapped individuals
 In industries
 Sports

15. CONCLUSION
 Our project is capable to control the wheelchair motion
for disabled people using hand gesture.
 Improvements can be made by using various body
gestures such as eye gaze, leg movement or head
movement accordingly.

16. REFERENCE
 S. Fioretti, T. Leo, and S. Longhi - A Navigation System for
Increasing the Autonomy and the Security of Powered Wheelchairs,
IEEE Transactions On Rehabilitation Engineering
 ShilpaGulati, Benjamin Kuipers - “High Performance Control for
Graceful Motion of an Intelligent Wheelchair”.Proceedings of the
IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA).