1. Gene regulatory networks have properties that enable exploratory adaptation, such as context-dependent binding and alternative splicing, that allow for a large number of expression patterns. 2. A theoretical model of a random network model with a feedback stress signal driving exploratory dynamics demonstrates how convergence to a stable phenotype is possible through a "drive reduction" principle without selection. 3. While convergence is possible, it is non-universal and depends on network properties like connection sparsity; the model shows how exploratory dynamics in gene expression can produce individual cellular adaptation within a few generations to unforeseen challenges.