1. ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION
The application of tissue engineering involves the use of biodegradable scaffolds as their
template for growth of cell. The main aim of this paper is to develop a template that helps in the
use of statistical processing control, which is used for the directing and engineering of 3D
electrospun scaffolds. Due to biodegradability and biocompatibility, Poly-L-Lactide (PLLA) was
chosen as the base polymer to fabricate and array of electrospun fibers. Tuneability of the
electrospun fibrous material as well as its morphology electospinning has been identified as an
efficient approach to produce polymeric fibers that are of substantial interest for credible use in
tissue engineering.
Cell differentiation and proliferation was studied by seeding human cardiac Sca-1pos
progenitor
cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells onto the selected scaffolds. SEM and
optical fluorescence microscopy were used to study the morphology and geometry of the fibers
and cell-seeded scaffolds. A tensile test was administered to evaluate the mechanical properties.
First, the effects of the varying process parameters in electrospinning were studied. Secondly, a
study of the solution properties on the manufactured fibers morphology and their placement was
undertaken, so as to identify the potential of the process. Initially, the study was started with the
vast range of processing parameters after which the correct range for every parameter was
utilized to produce flawless fiber. This process involved moderating a blending of processing
parameters, such as distance between needle and collector, feeding rate, and solution properties
for example electrical conductivity, molecular weight and concentration. The outcome of this

2. was an extensive form of fiber geometry and morphology like fiber orientations, fiber diameters,
etc. The significance of this process is that it aided in assembling various fiber forms. The
process also allowed specified amendments critical to tissue engineering applications to be
imposed.
“2k
factorial” design of experiments (DOE) was exerted to demonstrate quantitatively the
relationship between control parameter and key scaffold properties. Here, the experiment was
applied in a methodical, steady and ample manner to unravel the main effects from dealings and
to highlight the key linkage between the mechanical properties, the functional properties, the
architecture, and the parameters. The fiber porosity, distribution and mechanical properties are
charted as a role of molecular weight (MW) and other electrospinning process parameter (the
Xs). For the first time, the major role of the MW emerges clearly in controlling all scaffold
properties. The experiment also addressed the relationship between mechanical and
morphological properties.
In addition to this, the study also examines and discusses the interdependence of scaffolds
properties through the use of standard regression methods. The initial discussion evaluates the
affiliation between morphological descriptors of the scaffolds (Y1-3) and mechanical properties
(Y4) in 32 types of scaffolds. The findings of the study reveal that the mean fiber diameter (Y1)
holds a predominant role, which is regulated by the molecular weight (MW) of PLLA. The
biological performance of (Y5) (i.e. the cell proliferation of seeded bone marrow-derived
mesenchymal stromal cells) on arbitrary subset of 8 scaffolds vs. the mechano-morphological
properties (Y1-4) is examined. Here, the featured regression assessment on such a partial set was
not undisputed. Nevertheless, it ultimately showed that in quantitative terms, cell proliferation

3. could not fully be described as a function of considered mechano-morphological properties (Y1-4)
except in the early seeding stage. It is this randomization effects that occur and the variances in
preliminary cell proliferation performance (at day 1) is blotted over time. The ultimate outcome
of this process may be the groundwork upon which innovative course to collect necessary
appreciative is established. The outcomes can also enhance the launch design guidelines for
scaffold bio-functional vs. architecture, mechanical properties, and process parameters can be
enacted.
Lastly, the paper focuses on the learning outcome of fiber diameter, alignment and topology on
biological validation. With respect to this, the scaffolds that had various mean fiber diameters
and morphologies were seeded with human cells of cardiac origin (Sca-1pos
CPC). The outcomes
revealed that the Sca-1pos
hCPC cell had a good attachment capacity to PLLA electro spun fibers
with a mean fiber diameter of 2–3 µm or 10–11 µm. It was discerned that aligned fibers guided
cells to be oriented in a specific way along the fibers. From a topology point of view, the results
point out that hCPCs cultured onto random-oriented smooth fibrous scaffolds did not alter its
sternness phenotype and did not sustain instinctively to an uncontrolled differentiation. hCPCs
on random-oriented smooth fibrous scaffolds differentiation toward the osteoblastic and
adipogenic lineages, endorsing their multipotency in these cultural conditions when
appropriately motivated. Nonetheless, osteogenic differentiation was not observed during the
growth of cell onto random-oriented coarse fibrous scaffolds. The experiment further showed
that random-oriented rough fibrous scaffold suppressed differentiate potency, cell supplement as
well as colonization.