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EXPLANATION TEXT 
ABOUT 
CONDENSATION TRAILS 
By : 
1. Alif Dzaki (02) 
2. Desi Likman (12) 
3. Haidar Ali (16) 
4. Rashelia Radela (32) 
5. Yusuf Adi (40)
WHAT IS 
EXPLANATION 
TEXT? 
Explanation Text is a text which contains the processes associated with 
natural phenomena, science, culture and others. An Explanation text is 
usually derived from the corresponding author questions 'why' and 'how' of 
an existing phenomenon.
The Purpose of Studying Explanation 
Text 
• To explain the processes that 
occur in the formation or 
activity associated with 
natural phenomena, social, 
science, culture, and the 
others which aims to explain.
The Generic Structure of Explanation 
Text 
1. General Statement 
2. Squenced of 
Explanation 
3. Closing
What will we learn? 
1. What is Condensation Trails? 
2. Condensation Trails Process 
3. Condensation Trails impact
What is 
Condensation 
Trails???? … 
Condensation Trails is a 
natural phenomenon that 
occurs when an airplane high in 
the sky. Aircraft such as release 
the white beam smoke from the 
engine and the track or trace a 
line forming behind aircraft that 
looks quite beautiful on the 
surface of the earth. 
Many people think that the 
smoke trail was deliberately 
released by the pilot as a certain 
sign. Yet the truth is that it 
occurs as a common natural 
phenomenon as a result of 
chemical-physical processes 
between the exhaust gases out 
of the engine aircraft with the 
surrounding air temperature.
HOW 
CONDENSATION 
TRAILS HAPPEN 
????
Condensation Trails Happen…
Condensation Trails actually is a 
compound as a result of chemical-physical 
processes between the 
aircraft engine exhaust gases with 
surrounding air to produce condensed 
compounds called condensate 
(condensate). 
So Condensation Trails is a natural 
phenomenon commonly arising as a 
result of aircraft exhaust gas reaction 
with the surrounding air temperature 
is cold. From the results of research 
we know that at an altitude of more 
than 8000 meters asl (above sea level), 
the air temperature is very cold, can 
reach temperatures of -40 to -55 
degrees Celsius. 
On the other hand we also 
know that the aircraft engine fuel 
compound Hydrocarbon which is 
containing a substance consisting 
of Hydrogen and Carbon. In the 
process of combustion in aircraft 
engines, Hydro and Carbon 
discarded by the machine. Carbon 
combustion to create Carbon 
Dioxide (CO2) and Carbon 
Monoxide (CO) smoke. While 
Hydrogen (H2) reacts with oxygen 
(O2) which is not burned in the 
engines will come out as water 
vapor (H2O in the form of gas)
Condesation 
Condensation is the changing states 
of matter to form denser. Examples of 
condensation are substances such as 
gaseous (or vapor) into liquid 
substances. Condensation occurs 
when gas cools so that becomes liquid. 
Condensation can also occur when the 
gas is compressed (pressure increased) 
so that it becomes a liquid, or have a 
combination of cooling and 
compression which has the condensed 
is called condensate (condensate). 
So when the rest of the exhaust 
gases of combustion engines it out and 
react with the surrounding air 
temperature is cold, then the gas will 
be condensed into condensate and 
eventually create a trail or white beam 
which resembles an elongated Cirrus 
clouds are called Condensation Trails 
(contrails). 
Condensate can be formed 
microscopic granules resembling fine 
mist of water ice, but also can take the 
form of small ice crystals if the 
surrounding air is very cold. 
There are Contrails which soon 
disappeared, some are able to survive 
a little longer imprint in the air. The 
imprint was not long survive in the air 
is dependent upon the temperature 
difference between the aircraft engine 
exhaust and the air around it, also 
wind conditions. The greater the 
difference in temperature and the less 
windy, the longer it Contrails survive in 
space. Even in certain atmospheric 
conditions, Contrails can look up to 
many hours.
• TYPES OF 
CONDENSATION 
TRAILS
Exhaust Contrails 
Exhaust Contrails are formed by the 
mixing of the hot humid exhaust of the 
engines with cold humid surrounding 
air, creating long streamers of clouds. 
If the conditions are right then these 
can persist and spread. These are the 
most common type of contrail 
observed. 
A typical exhaust contrail. There 
are initially four, one for each 
engine, and then they mix 
together.
Aerodynamic 
Contrails 
Aerodynamic Contrails are formed 
by the temporary reduction in 
pressure of the air moving over the 
surface of the plane, or in the 
center of a wake vortex. Reducing 
the pressure of the air means it can 
hold less water, so condensation 
occurs. 
An Aerodynamic contrail on a 
landing jet – condensation is visible 
above the wing surfaces, and in the 
center of the vortices coming from 
the outside ends of the deployed 
flaps, but nothing from the engines. 
This type of contrail is seen in high 
local humidity, as indicated here by 
the misty conditions.
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 
BREATHING AND CONTRAILS
Although Jakon looks beautiful from the earth's surface, but based on 
the results of a study showed that Jakon contribute to Global Warming 
(Global Warming). Dr. Ulrike Burkhardt and Dr. Bernd Karcher of the 
Institute for Atmospheric Physics at the German Aerospace Center are 
two scientists who in his research using computational models to see 
how far the Jakon affect the temperature of the earth. 
The results of the study reported that the heat radiation generated by 
31 miliWatt Jakon for every square meter. However, when compared 
with the emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from the aircraft to reach 
3% of the amount of annual emissions of all fossil fuel sources, the 
radiation of heat from Jakon still have smaller emissions. 
SOLUTION 
Recommendations were excluded from the study are in the form of the 
solution is to lower the height of flying aircraft to avoid happening 
Jakon, and development of aircraft engine types the better so as to 
reduce the occurrence of Jakon which has been proven to contribute to 
accelerating global warming on the earth's surface.
CONCLUSION 
• Condensation trail (contrails, Condensation Trails) are imprints that make 
up the cloud trail behind the aircraft that occurs as a result of the 
condensation process by aircraft engine exhaust gases cool in the 
surrounding air. 
• Contrail commonly occurs at an altitude of 8000 meters asl (above sea 
level) to the top and the air temperature is less than -40 degrees Celsius. 
The length of stay in the air Contrail highly dependent on the 
temperature difference between the aircraft engine exhaust and the air 
around it, also wind conditions. The greater the difference in 
temperature and the less windy, the longer it Contrail survive in space. In 
certain atmospheric conditions, Contrail can even look up to many hours. 
• Contrail affect temperatures on Earth that contribute to Global Warming 
(Global Warming). The solution to that problem, among others, by 
lowering the altitude flying aircraft to avoid Contrail, and development 
of aircraft engine types the better so as to reduce the occurrence of 
Contrail.
Explanation Text about Condensation Trails

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Explanation Text about Condensation Trails

  • 1. EXPLANATION TEXT ABOUT CONDENSATION TRAILS By : 1. Alif Dzaki (02) 2. Desi Likman (12) 3. Haidar Ali (16) 4. Rashelia Radela (32) 5. Yusuf Adi (40)
  • 2. WHAT IS EXPLANATION TEXT? Explanation Text is a text which contains the processes associated with natural phenomena, science, culture and others. An Explanation text is usually derived from the corresponding author questions 'why' and 'how' of an existing phenomenon.
  • 3. The Purpose of Studying Explanation Text • To explain the processes that occur in the formation or activity associated with natural phenomena, social, science, culture, and the others which aims to explain.
  • 4. The Generic Structure of Explanation Text 1. General Statement 2. Squenced of Explanation 3. Closing
  • 5. What will we learn? 1. What is Condensation Trails? 2. Condensation Trails Process 3. Condensation Trails impact
  • 6.
  • 7. What is Condensation Trails???? … Condensation Trails is a natural phenomenon that occurs when an airplane high in the sky. Aircraft such as release the white beam smoke from the engine and the track or trace a line forming behind aircraft that looks quite beautiful on the surface of the earth. Many people think that the smoke trail was deliberately released by the pilot as a certain sign. Yet the truth is that it occurs as a common natural phenomenon as a result of chemical-physical processes between the exhaust gases out of the engine aircraft with the surrounding air temperature.
  • 10. Condensation Trails actually is a compound as a result of chemical-physical processes between the aircraft engine exhaust gases with surrounding air to produce condensed compounds called condensate (condensate). So Condensation Trails is a natural phenomenon commonly arising as a result of aircraft exhaust gas reaction with the surrounding air temperature is cold. From the results of research we know that at an altitude of more than 8000 meters asl (above sea level), the air temperature is very cold, can reach temperatures of -40 to -55 degrees Celsius. On the other hand we also know that the aircraft engine fuel compound Hydrocarbon which is containing a substance consisting of Hydrogen and Carbon. In the process of combustion in aircraft engines, Hydro and Carbon discarded by the machine. Carbon combustion to create Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) smoke. While Hydrogen (H2) reacts with oxygen (O2) which is not burned in the engines will come out as water vapor (H2O in the form of gas)
  • 11.
  • 12. Condesation Condensation is the changing states of matter to form denser. Examples of condensation are substances such as gaseous (or vapor) into liquid substances. Condensation occurs when gas cools so that becomes liquid. Condensation can also occur when the gas is compressed (pressure increased) so that it becomes a liquid, or have a combination of cooling and compression which has the condensed is called condensate (condensate). So when the rest of the exhaust gases of combustion engines it out and react with the surrounding air temperature is cold, then the gas will be condensed into condensate and eventually create a trail or white beam which resembles an elongated Cirrus clouds are called Condensation Trails (contrails). Condensate can be formed microscopic granules resembling fine mist of water ice, but also can take the form of small ice crystals if the surrounding air is very cold. There are Contrails which soon disappeared, some are able to survive a little longer imprint in the air. The imprint was not long survive in the air is dependent upon the temperature difference between the aircraft engine exhaust and the air around it, also wind conditions. The greater the difference in temperature and the less windy, the longer it Contrails survive in space. Even in certain atmospheric conditions, Contrails can look up to many hours.
  • 13. • TYPES OF CONDENSATION TRAILS
  • 14. Exhaust Contrails Exhaust Contrails are formed by the mixing of the hot humid exhaust of the engines with cold humid surrounding air, creating long streamers of clouds. If the conditions are right then these can persist and spread. These are the most common type of contrail observed. A typical exhaust contrail. There are initially four, one for each engine, and then they mix together.
  • 15. Aerodynamic Contrails Aerodynamic Contrails are formed by the temporary reduction in pressure of the air moving over the surface of the plane, or in the center of a wake vortex. Reducing the pressure of the air means it can hold less water, so condensation occurs. An Aerodynamic contrail on a landing jet – condensation is visible above the wing surfaces, and in the center of the vortices coming from the outside ends of the deployed flaps, but nothing from the engines. This type of contrail is seen in high local humidity, as indicated here by the misty conditions.
  • 16. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BREATHING AND CONTRAILS
  • 17.
  • 18. Although Jakon looks beautiful from the earth's surface, but based on the results of a study showed that Jakon contribute to Global Warming (Global Warming). Dr. Ulrike Burkhardt and Dr. Bernd Karcher of the Institute for Atmospheric Physics at the German Aerospace Center are two scientists who in his research using computational models to see how far the Jakon affect the temperature of the earth. The results of the study reported that the heat radiation generated by 31 miliWatt Jakon for every square meter. However, when compared with the emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from the aircraft to reach 3% of the amount of annual emissions of all fossil fuel sources, the radiation of heat from Jakon still have smaller emissions. SOLUTION Recommendations were excluded from the study are in the form of the solution is to lower the height of flying aircraft to avoid happening Jakon, and development of aircraft engine types the better so as to reduce the occurrence of Jakon which has been proven to contribute to accelerating global warming on the earth's surface.
  • 19. CONCLUSION • Condensation trail (contrails, Condensation Trails) are imprints that make up the cloud trail behind the aircraft that occurs as a result of the condensation process by aircraft engine exhaust gases cool in the surrounding air. • Contrail commonly occurs at an altitude of 8000 meters asl (above sea level) to the top and the air temperature is less than -40 degrees Celsius. The length of stay in the air Contrail highly dependent on the temperature difference between the aircraft engine exhaust and the air around it, also wind conditions. The greater the difference in temperature and the less windy, the longer it Contrail survive in space. In certain atmospheric conditions, Contrail can even look up to many hours. • Contrail affect temperatures on Earth that contribute to Global Warming (Global Warming). The solution to that problem, among others, by lowering the altitude flying aircraft to avoid Contrail, and development of aircraft engine types the better so as to reduce the occurrence of Contrail.