This document summarizes several existing and proposed experiments that aim to directly detect dark matter particles known as WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) and axions. It describes experiments using various detection methods like neutrino detectors, scintillation detectors, and gaseous time projection chambers located underground to shield experiments from cosmic rays. The document also provides brief descriptions of some experimental results as of 2012.
This is a presentation on the use of spectroscopy in astronomy, especially in discovering celestial bodies. Small presentation with minimum technical details.
This is a presentation on the use of spectroscopy in astronomy, especially in discovering celestial bodies. Small presentation with minimum technical details.
Photoluminescence Spectroscopy for studying Electron-Hole pair recombination ...RunjhunDutta
Description of Photoluminescence Spectroscopy: Principle, Instrumentation & Application.
Three research papers have been summarized which lay stress on Photoluminescence Study for Electron-Hole Pair Recombination for characterizing the properties of semiconductors used in Photoelectrochemical Splitting of Water.
El equipo de expertos, entre los que se encuentra Francisco Espartero, ha descubierto una nueva lluvia de meteoros asociada al cometa 209P/LINEAR, que tendrá lugar todos los años durante el mes de mayo
The Square Kilometre Array (SKA), even in its first phase (SKA Phase 1, or SKA1) will be the largest ground-based astronomical facility ever built, with unprecedented sensitivity in the frequency ranges for local to highly redshifted HI, and future expansion up to 25 GHz. The range of science cases that the SKA telescopes will cater for will also be the largest of any research facility, from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and the Cosmic Down (CD), to tests of Einstein’s General Relativity, to finding all detectable pulsars in the Milky Way, and helping with the Cradle of Life case for Astrobiology. In this talk we will go through the different science cases, with emphasis in those with the most cosmological significance, such as EoR, CD, and probing General Relativity. (Talk presented at CosmoAndes 2018.)
Photoluminescence Spectroscopy for studying Electron-Hole pair recombination ...RunjhunDutta
Description of Photoluminescence Spectroscopy: Principle, Instrumentation & Application.
Three research papers have been summarized which lay stress on Photoluminescence Study for Electron-Hole Pair Recombination for characterizing the properties of semiconductors used in Photoelectrochemical Splitting of Water.
El equipo de expertos, entre los que se encuentra Francisco Espartero, ha descubierto una nueva lluvia de meteoros asociada al cometa 209P/LINEAR, que tendrá lugar todos los años durante el mes de mayo
The Square Kilometre Array (SKA), even in its first phase (SKA Phase 1, or SKA1) will be the largest ground-based astronomical facility ever built, with unprecedented sensitivity in the frequency ranges for local to highly redshifted HI, and future expansion up to 25 GHz. The range of science cases that the SKA telescopes will cater for will also be the largest of any research facility, from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and the Cosmic Down (CD), to tests of Einstein’s General Relativity, to finding all detectable pulsars in the Milky Way, and helping with the Cradle of Life case for Astrobiology. In this talk we will go through the different science cases, with emphasis in those with the most cosmological significance, such as EoR, CD, and probing General Relativity. (Talk presented at CosmoAndes 2018.)
Conceptually, it has been designed to be the most energy-efficient fusion reactor. Effectively, a clean, safe, dense and environmentally friendly power source to supply the world's energy needs, with no greenhouse gases, no neutron emission, no radioactive waste, no thermal waste, no large land areas, no environmental impact, no interruptions by the weather or time of day, no nuclear meltdowns and no proliferation. It is to be the ultimate energy source, an affordable answer to the world’s energy problems; the right path to a more sustainable, peaceful and prosperous future for our planet. Potentially, the CrossFire Fusion Reactor can produce directly and efficiently an enormous quantity of electricity with less cooling water than conventional thermal power stations, releasing only the non-radioactive, non-corrosive, inert, and safe helium-4 gas.
http://www.crossfirefusion.com/reactor
Nucleus” is a Latin word meaning Kernel
It is the “CONTROL CENTER” of the cell
Average diameter of nucleus is 6um, which occupies around 10% of cell volume
Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Pores and complex
Nuclear lamina
Chromosomes & Chromatin
Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
OBC | String theory and quests for unification of fundamental forces of natureOut of The Box Seminar
Mirjam Cvetič, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
String theory and quests for unification of fundamental forces of nature
http://obc2012.outofthebox.si/
ChemCam-like device on Mars in 2020 would perform optical isotopic analysis f...Alexander Bolshakov
New NASA mission to Mars in 2020 would likely be packed with more advanced instruments. Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry (LAMIS) is being developed to extend the capabilities of Curiosity's existing instrument, ChemCam, to perform isotopic analysis from a distance. Isotopic variations shed light on the origin and evolution of planets. Living processes lead to distinctive isotope patterns thereby providing clues to life's chemical processes. Bolshakov and co-workers have developed a technique called LAMIS - laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry that would extend the capabilities of one of Curiosity's existing instruments, ChemCam, to perform optical isotopic analysis.
ScanPyramids – Results from the first measurements campaign in the Bent Pyr...Leonardo Paolo Lovari
Tuesday April 26th, The #ScanPyramids team presented to The Minister of Antiquities, Dr Khaled El-Enany, to the
former minister of Antiquities Dr. Mamdouh El Damaty
and to the members of the permanent Committee of Egyptian Antiquities the results of its first muography mission done on the Bent Pyramid. The principle of this new innovative technology: Get an inside radiography of the monument
thanks to muons, cosmic particles that are permanently and naturally rainingon earth and are able to penetrate any material very deeply.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Electromagnetic spectrum in Astronomy.pptxmaryammaher2
This is a presentation about a graduation project. It's includes a short intro about electromagnetic spectrum and what is it in Astronomy, the Telescopes used to measure the Radiations coming from outer Space in every region of the EM spectrum.
Spirals and clumps in V960 Mon: signs of planet formation via gravitational i...Sérgio Sacani
The formation of giant planets has traditionally been divided into two pathways: core accretion and gravitational instability. However, in recent years, gravitational instability has become less favored, primarily due
to the scarcity of observations of fragmented protoplanetary disks around young stars and low occurrence rate
of massive planets on very wide orbits. In this study, we present a SPHERE/IRDIS polarized light observation
of the young outbursting object V960 Mon. The image reveals a vast structure of intricately shaped scattered
light with several spiral arms. This finding motivated a re-analysis of archival ALMA 1.3 mm data acquired
just two years after the onset of the outburst of V960 Mon. In these data, we discover several clumps of continuum emission aligned along a spiral arm that coincides with the scattered light structure. We interpret the
localized emission as fragments formed from a spiral arm under gravitational collapse. Estimating the mass of
solids within these clumps to be of several Earth masses, we suggest this observation to be the first evidence of
gravitational instability occurring on planetary scales. This study discusses the significance of this finding for
planet formation and its potential connection with the outbursting state of V960 Mon.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. WIMPs are hypothesized to be captured by Sol.
Subsequent annihilations may produce neutrinos.
These excess neutrinos might be detectable from Earth.
Existing neutrino detectors are well suited for this search.
3.
4. One of 5160 Digital Optical Modules installed below the Antarctic ice to depths of
2450 meters. The photomultiplier tubes within the pressure spheres record Cherenkov
radiation from muons created by neutrino interactions in the ice. Data is transmitted
to the surface along cables for storage and processing.
5. Antares is mounted in the Mediterranean Sea near Toulon, France. Its design is
similar to that of IceCube – photomultiplier tubes mounted within pressure spheres
submerged within a shielding medium, detecting Cherenkov radiation from muons
created by interactions of neutrinos emerging upward through the Earth’s crust.
6. The Kamioka Observatory sits below 1000 meters
of rock in the Hida Mountains of central Japan.
The neutrino detector consists of a cylindrical
chamber lined with 11,146 Hamamatsu PMTs and
filled with 50,000 tons of pure water. In 2001, a chain reaction caused over half of the
tubes immersed in water to implode. The tubes now all have acrylic shields.
7.
8. The Fermi gamma ray space telescope was
The Fermi space telescope was
launched by NASA
launched by NASA in 2008 to gather
data on cosmic gamma rays. This craft
may be able to observe gamma rays created by WIMP annihilations in the galactic halo.
9.
10. PICASSO, located at SNOLAB, is a direct WIMP detector that uses superheated
droplets of perfluorobutane suspended in an elastic polymer. When a WIMP collides
with an atom in one of the droplets, the atom recoils and heats up the bubble,
triggering an explosive conversion to vapor. The resulting acoustic pulse is picked up
by piezoelectric sensors mounted around the gel.
11. DEAP-3600, currently under construction at
SNOLAB, uses a volume of liquid argon as a
scintillation material to detect WIMPs. Like the
Neutrino detectors, it uses an array of PMTs to
detect the light resulting from collision events.
12. XENON100 is a scintillation detector located at Gran Sasso underground laboratory in
Italy. It uses 161 kg of liquid Xenon, which has similar ionization and scintillation
properties to Argon. The measured ratio of ionization to scintillation allows
Researchers to determine what type of particle interacted within the liquid.
13. DRIFT II uses a carbon disulphide gaseous time projection chamber to detect
ionizations caused by WIMP collisions. A 3-D map of the ionization left by the
scattering event is constructed by measuring the times at which the ions arrive at the
anode endplate.
14. CDMS II, located in the Soudan Mine Underground Laboratory in Minnesota, uses
ultra cold germanium crystals to detect ionization and phonons produced by WIMP
interactions. When a WIMP collides with a nucleus in the crystal, the resulting
rebound causes the entire crystal lattice to vibrate. Microscopic strips of tungsten at
the edge of the crystal are held at the transition point between superconducting mode
and normal. The phonon energy transferrals to the tungsten are thus registered as
large changes in resistivity. This apparatus is held at as low as 10 mK temperature.
17. CAST consists of a nine tesla dipole magnet pointed at Sol. Axions generated in the
solar plasma are expected to convert to x-rays after entering the magnetic field via the
Primakov effect. X-ray detectors are located at either end of the tube. This
experiment has been conducted using vacuum, helium-4, and helium-3 inside the
magnet bore in order to scan different energy ranges for the proposed axion.
18. ADMX, located at the University of Washington’s Center
for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, uses an
eight tesla magnetic field in a resonant microwave cavity to
detect axions decays via the Primakov effect. The apparatus
is supercooled with liquid helium to a temperature of 4.2
degrees Kelvin. The resonant frequency of the chamber is
changed by adjusting the position of the tuning rods. Axion
decays are detected with superconducting quantum
interference devices (SQUIDs).
21. Timothy J. Sumner, "Experimental Searches for Dark Matter", Living Rev. Relativity 5,
(2002), http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2002-4 (November 29, 2012)
“IceCube in Depth”, IceCube Neutrino Observatory,
http://icecube.wisc.edu/science/depth (November 29, 2012)
Icecube Neutrino Observatory images courtesy of the National Science Foundation.
Thierry Stolarczyk, “Overview of the ANTARES experiment”, ANTARES home page,
http://antares.in2p3.fr/index.html (November 29, 2012)
ANTARES module image property of Camille Moirenc for the ANTARES collaboration.
ANTARES computer model property of F. Montanet, the French National Center for
Scientific Research, and the University of Joseph Fourier.
Yusuke Koshio, “Details of Super-Kamiokande”, Super-Kamiokande Official Homepage,
http://www-sk.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/sk/detector/detail-e.html (November 29, 2012)
Kamiokande detector graphics property of Kamioka Observatory, University of Tokyo.
Lynne Jenner, “Fermi Spacecraft and Instruments”, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope,
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/spacecraft/index.html (November 29, 2012)
Fermi space telescope images courtesy of NASA and Stanford University.
22. Picasso render property of Alex Pepin and Martin Auger.
“Detector Concept”, The Picasso Experiment,
http://www.picassoexperiment.ca/experiment.php (November 30, 2012)
DEAP-3600 schematic courtesy of DEAP Project, Queen’s University at Kingston.
“Liquid argon based Dark Matter detection”, The DEAP Experiment,
http://deap.phy.queensu.ca/ (November 30, 2012)
Aprile, E., et al. (2010, May 3). First dark matter results from the XENON100 experiment.
Physical Review Letters , 105:131302. Retrieved December 1, 2012, from the arXiv
datadase.
XENON detector image courtesy of the University of Zurich.
XENON schematic property of Alan Stonebraker.
DRIFT II graphics courtesy of the U.K. Dark Matter Collaboration.
“DRIFT (Directional Recoil Identification From Tracks)”, Sheffield Particle Physics: Dark
Matter, http://drift.group.shef.ac.uk/ (December 1, 2012)
“The Experiment”, CAST – CERN Axion Solar Telescope,
http://cast.web.cern.ch/CAST/CAST.php (December 1, 2012)
23. “Experiment”, ADMX | Axion Dark Matter eXperiment,
http://www.phys.washington.edu/groups/admx/experiment.html (December 1, 2012)
ADMX images courtesy of the ADMX Collaboration and CENPA.
“The Experiment”, Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
http://cdms.berkeley.edu/experiment.html (December 1, 2012)
CDMS II apparatus photos courtesy of the SuperCDMS Collaboration.
MINOS mural photo courtesy of flickr member WMGoBuffs.
Aprile, E., et al. (Nov. 2, 2012). Dark Matter Results from 225 Live Days of
XENON100 Data. Physical Review Letters, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 181301. Retrieved
December 1, 2012, from the arXiv datadase.
J. Beringer et al. (Revised March 12, 2012 by L.J. Rosenberg and G.G. Raffelt). Axions
and other similar particles. (Particle Data Group), PR D86, 010001 (2012).