IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
2013 ASPRS Track, Developing an ArcGIS Toolbox for Estimating EvapoTranspirat...GIS in the Rockies
Estimating water used by vegetated areas is very important for water resources management and water rights. Traditionally the amount of water delivered to an area is calculated by installing some measuring device (flumes, weirs, flow meters, etc.). The alternative approach presented here estimates the actual water use in a vegetated areas based on ground surface energy balance concept using the ReSET model (Remote Sensing of ET – ReSET developed by IDS group in Colorado state university) that uses satellite and Arial imagery with visible and thermal bands along with weather data to estimate daily actual crop Evapotranspiration (ET) for vegetated areas. Surface energy balance models have been proven to be a robust approach for estimating vegetation evapotranspiration. One of the main limitations of wider application of these models in water resources and irrigation management is the requirement of extensive back ground in surface energy modeling. This presentation shows the development and the application of an ArcGIS toolbox that runs an automated version of the ReSET model. The tool is compatible with NASA/USGS Landsat Legacy Project. The presented ArcGIS tool automates the model in all stages and requires minimum interference from user. The tool presented accommodates both basic and advanced users. The results using the tool were tested and validated using results from manual ReSET model runs.
When designing a power generation project from a different source, and in our case study, wind, when calculating the annual energy produced, it is necessary to define and calculate the losses incurred in the system. The main cause of losses in a wind park is due to the oscillations caused by the turbulence of the air around the turbine because of roughness of terrain. The paper describes two methods of estimating turbulence intensity: one based on the mean and standard deviation (SD) of wind speed from the nacelle anemometer, the other from mean power output and its SD. These analyses are very important for understanding the fatigue and mechanical stress on the wind turbines. Then significance of the site ruggedness index (RIX) and the associated performance indicator (ΔRIX) are confirmed for terrain and the consequences of applying WAsP outside its operating envelope are quantified.
Assessment of Landsat 8 TIRS data capability for the preliminary study of geo...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
West Sumatra is one of has big geothermal energy resources potential. Remote sensing technology can have a role in geothermal exploration activity to measure the distribution of land surface temperatures (LST) and predict the geothermal potential area. Main study to obtain the assessment of Landsat 8 TIRS (Landsat`s Thermal Infrared Sensor) data capability for geothermal energy resources estimation. Mono-window algorithms were used to generate the LST maps. Data set was combined with a digital elevation model (DEM) to identify the potential geothermal energy based on the variation in surface temperature. The result that were derived from LST map of West Sumatra shows that ranged from -8.6 C0 to 32.59 C0 and the different temperatures are represented by a graduated pink to brown shading. A calculated result clearly identifies the hot areas in the dataset, which are brown in colour images. Lima Puluh Kota, Tanah Datar, Solok, and South Solok areas showed the high-temperature value (Brown) in the range of 28.1 C0 to 32.59 C0 color in images which means that they possess high potential for generating thermal energy. In contrast, the temperatures were lower (Pink) in the north-eastern areas and the range distribution was from-8.5 C0 to 5 C0.
2013 ASPRS Track, Developing an ArcGIS Toolbox for Estimating EvapoTranspirat...GIS in the Rockies
Estimating water used by vegetated areas is very important for water resources management and water rights. Traditionally the amount of water delivered to an area is calculated by installing some measuring device (flumes, weirs, flow meters, etc.). The alternative approach presented here estimates the actual water use in a vegetated areas based on ground surface energy balance concept using the ReSET model (Remote Sensing of ET – ReSET developed by IDS group in Colorado state university) that uses satellite and Arial imagery with visible and thermal bands along with weather data to estimate daily actual crop Evapotranspiration (ET) for vegetated areas. Surface energy balance models have been proven to be a robust approach for estimating vegetation evapotranspiration. One of the main limitations of wider application of these models in water resources and irrigation management is the requirement of extensive back ground in surface energy modeling. This presentation shows the development and the application of an ArcGIS toolbox that runs an automated version of the ReSET model. The tool is compatible with NASA/USGS Landsat Legacy Project. The presented ArcGIS tool automates the model in all stages and requires minimum interference from user. The tool presented accommodates both basic and advanced users. The results using the tool were tested and validated using results from manual ReSET model runs.
When designing a power generation project from a different source, and in our case study, wind, when calculating the annual energy produced, it is necessary to define and calculate the losses incurred in the system. The main cause of losses in a wind park is due to the oscillations caused by the turbulence of the air around the turbine because of roughness of terrain. The paper describes two methods of estimating turbulence intensity: one based on the mean and standard deviation (SD) of wind speed from the nacelle anemometer, the other from mean power output and its SD. These analyses are very important for understanding the fatigue and mechanical stress on the wind turbines. Then significance of the site ruggedness index (RIX) and the associated performance indicator (ΔRIX) are confirmed for terrain and the consequences of applying WAsP outside its operating envelope are quantified.
Assessment of Landsat 8 TIRS data capability for the preliminary study of geo...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
West Sumatra is one of has big geothermal energy resources potential. Remote sensing technology can have a role in geothermal exploration activity to measure the distribution of land surface temperatures (LST) and predict the geothermal potential area. Main study to obtain the assessment of Landsat 8 TIRS (Landsat`s Thermal Infrared Sensor) data capability for geothermal energy resources estimation. Mono-window algorithms were used to generate the LST maps. Data set was combined with a digital elevation model (DEM) to identify the potential geothermal energy based on the variation in surface temperature. The result that were derived from LST map of West Sumatra shows that ranged from -8.6 C0 to 32.59 C0 and the different temperatures are represented by a graduated pink to brown shading. A calculated result clearly identifies the hot areas in the dataset, which are brown in colour images. Lima Puluh Kota, Tanah Datar, Solok, and South Solok areas showed the high-temperature value (Brown) in the range of 28.1 C0 to 32.59 C0 color in images which means that they possess high potential for generating thermal energy. In contrast, the temperatures were lower (Pink) in the north-eastern areas and the range distribution was from-8.5 C0 to 5 C0.
Climate data can provide a great deal of information about the atmospheric environment that impacts almost all aspects of human endeavour. This module explains the importance of climate data, its storage, security, applications and other aspects, in a nutshell.
Weather forecasting is the prediction of the state of the atmosphere for a given location using the application of science and technology. This includes temperature, rain, cloudiness, wind speed, and humidity. Weather warnings are a special kind of short-range forecast carried out for the protection of human life. This module explains the details of weather forecasting.
Coordination of blade pitch controller and battery energy storage using firef...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) to generate electricity is increasing significantly in recent years due to global warming situation all over the world. Among RESs type, wind energy is becoming more favorable due to its sustainability and environmentally friendly characteristics. Although wind power system provides a promising solution to prevent global warming, they also contribute to the instability of the power system, especially in frequency stability due to uncertainty characteristic of the sources (wind speed). Hence, coordinated controller between blade pitch controller and battery energy storage (BES) system to enhance the frequency performance of wind power system is proposed in this work. Firefly algorithm (FA) is used as optimization method for achieving better coordination. From the investigated test systems, the frequency performance of wind power system can be increased by applying the proposed method. It is noticeable that by applying coordinated controller between blade pitch angle controller and battery energy storage using firefly algorithm the overshoot of the frequency can be reduced up to -0.2141 pu and accelerate the settling time up to 40.14 second.
Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. Now days, forecasting of accurate atmospheric conditions is the major challenge for the meteorologist and poor forecasting has significant impact on our daily lives. This brings the necessity to make research works on forecasting of the weather events with respect to Ethiopia.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Fpga implementation of run length encoding with new formulated codeword gener...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Characterization of mixed crystals of sodium chlorate and sodium bromate and ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Climate data can provide a great deal of information about the atmospheric environment that impacts almost all aspects of human endeavour. This module explains the importance of climate data, its storage, security, applications and other aspects, in a nutshell.
Weather forecasting is the prediction of the state of the atmosphere for a given location using the application of science and technology. This includes temperature, rain, cloudiness, wind speed, and humidity. Weather warnings are a special kind of short-range forecast carried out for the protection of human life. This module explains the details of weather forecasting.
Coordination of blade pitch controller and battery energy storage using firef...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) to generate electricity is increasing significantly in recent years due to global warming situation all over the world. Among RESs type, wind energy is becoming more favorable due to its sustainability and environmentally friendly characteristics. Although wind power system provides a promising solution to prevent global warming, they also contribute to the instability of the power system, especially in frequency stability due to uncertainty characteristic of the sources (wind speed). Hence, coordinated controller between blade pitch controller and battery energy storage (BES) system to enhance the frequency performance of wind power system is proposed in this work. Firefly algorithm (FA) is used as optimization method for achieving better coordination. From the investigated test systems, the frequency performance of wind power system can be increased by applying the proposed method. It is noticeable that by applying coordinated controller between blade pitch angle controller and battery energy storage using firefly algorithm the overshoot of the frequency can be reduced up to -0.2141 pu and accelerate the settling time up to 40.14 second.
Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. Now days, forecasting of accurate atmospheric conditions is the major challenge for the meteorologist and poor forecasting has significant impact on our daily lives. This brings the necessity to make research works on forecasting of the weather events with respect to Ethiopia.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Fpga implementation of run length encoding with new formulated codeword gener...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Characterization of mixed crystals of sodium chlorate and sodium bromate and ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental study of the forces above and under the vibration insulators of ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Wind energy forecasting using radial basis function neural networkseSAT Journals
Abstract
Wind power forecast is essential for a wind farm developer for comprehensive assessment of wind potential at a particular site or
topographical location. Wind energy potential at any given location is a non –linear function of mean average wind speed,
vertical wind profile, energy pattern factor, peak wind speed, prevailing wind direction, lull hours, air density and a few other
parameters. Wind energy pattern data of various locationsis collected from a published resource data book by Centre for Wind
Energy Technology, India.Modeling of wind energy forecasting problem consists of data collection, input-output selection,
mappingand simulation. In this work, artificial neural networks technique is adopted to deal with the wind energy forecasting
problem.After normalization, neural network will be run with training dataset.Radial Basis function based Neural Networks is a
feed-forward algorithm of artificial neural networks that offers supervised learning.It establishes local mapping with two fold
learning quickly.Wind power densities predicted for new locationsare in agreement with the measured values atthewind
monitoring stations.MAPE was found out to be less than 10% for all the values of Wind Power Density predictions at new
topographical locations and R2 is found to be nearer to unity.WPD values are multiplied by wind availability hours (generation
hours) in that particular location to give number of energy units at the turbine output. These values are compared to the output of
the wind turbine model installed in the same region, so as to assess the number of units generated by that particular wind turbine
in the respective locations.This kind of assessment is useful for wind energy projects during feasibility studies. With this work, it is
established that radial basis function neural netscan be used as a diagnostic tool for function approximation problemsconnected
towind energy resourcemodeling& forecast.
Keywords: Wind power density, wind energy, forecast, modeling, air density, peak wind speed, radial basis function,
neural network, CoD, MAPE
Validation of wind resource assessment process based on CFD Jean-Claude Meteodyn
Wind resource assessment requires nowadays more efficient tools to provide an accurate evaluation of production in order to reduce costs.As onshore wind farms are built in more complex terrains, it is necessary to find a new method to provide a fine evaluation of energy which reduces the error during the data extrapolation process. This explains why CFD models have become a standard for WRA in specific conditions.This presentation is focused on the wind speed and energy yield prediction carried out for a 29MW wind farm project. The accuracy of the wind modeling is investigated by the cross validation between the different met masts around the site. The net energy prediction P50 is compared against real wind farm performance data during a blind test organized by EWEA in 2013. More than 50 companies have been involved in order to compare methods results.
Data acquisition of wind speed, wind direction and environmental temperature are needed to get the data potential of wind power. The aim of this research is to generate a device of wind speed, wind direction and temperature with the real time condition. With this device, we will obtain an analysis about the potential of wind power electrical generation around the Puger beach, Jember, Indonesia. In this study, parameters investigated were made into three types of measurement variables that measure of wind speed, wind direction, temperature and a data to show real time data..The device which is used to measure wind speed using hall effect sensor as a transducer. With using of the active magnet that spins will be created pwm that will be read by sensor to get the wind speed. As for the shows wind direction, we use a compass sensor CMPS 03 is a digital sensor that outputs in the form of digital bits so that be able to show wind direction from 0° to 360°. The magnitude of angle will be used in analyzing the direction of the wind, the real time clock (RTC) will be used to directly to determine the time and date of recording data. Then the temperature DS1621 sensor to show environmental temperature.
Evaluation of the Energy Performance of the Amougdoul Wind Farm, Morocco IJECEIAES
This paper is concerned with the assessment of the the performance of the Amougdoul wind farm. We have determined the Weibull parameters; namely the scale parameter, c (m/s) and shape parameter, k. After that, we have estimated energy output by a wind turbine using two techniques: the useful power calculation method and the method based on the modeling of the power curve, which is respectively 134.5 kW and 194.19 KW corresponding to 27% and 39% of the available wind energy, which confirm that the conversion efficiency does not exceed 40%.
At present, with the development of wind power project in China, there are more and more projects located at the complex terrain and complex environment. At the same time, since the large planned area of project, the complex mountain area, and limited number of met mast, even without met mast, in order to the reliable development of the wind power project, it is important that how to do the wind resource assessment without actual measurement wind data and other conditions such as less reliable wind data, and the met mast was not considered representative. This paper will use the atmospheric model to do mesoscale simulation calculation of wind resources, and then combine with CFD technology to downscaling computation to get high resolution wind power assessment result. Finally, in order to confirm the validity of this application in the actual project, the comparison between calculation values and measurement values is carried out. The verification result through the actual data of different met mast shows that the wind resource assessment method which combines the CFD and mesoscale technologies is reliable. The main contribution of the article is to provide the reference model and approach for regional planning and large scale wind resource assessment when there isn’t enough adequate and effective wind data.
Wind Power Density Analysis for Micro-Scale Wind Turbinestheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
This paper proposes a Wavelet based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (WANFIS) applied to forecast the wind power and enhance the accuracy of one step ahead with a 10 minutes resolution of real time data collected from a wind farm in North India. The proposed method consists two cases. In the first case all the inputs of wind series and output of wind power decomposition coefficients are carried out to predict the wind power. In the second case all the inputs of wind series decomposition coefficients are carried out to get wind power prediction. The performance of proposed WANFIS is compared to Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) and the results of the proposed model are shown superior to compared methods.
Calculating Wind Farm Production in Al-Shihabi (South Of Iraq) Using WASPIJERA Editor
The Wind Turbine farms are becoming popular in the renewable energy world. In this research, the Wind Atlas
Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) has been used to estimate wind power density in Al-Shihabi (south
of Iraq). All statistical operations on data series are obtained from Field data collected from the wind
measurement towers which installed by the Science and Technology Ministry at Kut city south of IRAQ at three
heights (10, 30, 50 m). The wind turbine selected for this study to be installed in the wind farm are Bonus-
300kw, 600kw The Annual Energy Production (AEP) has been calculate which varies between (746.990 -
759.446 MWH) at 30 m and it s varies between produced AEP (1.576 - 1.600 GWh) at 50 m ,this site classified
as ( class-1).
Weather balloons are high-altitude meteorological balloons particularly used for carrying scientific payloads into the upper atmosphere. These data are obtained by using an instrument called as radiosonde which is attached to the helium filled weather balloon to measure the meteorological data as it ascends up into the atmosphere. For more than 100 years, weather balloons have given valuable information for climate and meteorological research. In this paper, the radiosonde module is designed with negligible risk of failure and cost effectiveness. The instruments to be fixed along with the weather balloon are logging camera, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor, global positioning system (GPS) module and a power source. This module is used to measure and log the basic weather parameters such as pressure, temperature, humidity and this also captures the picture of a particular locality with the help of a microcontroller. This proposed work is useful for observing high altitude weather data which is essential for predicting natural disasters. Further more, it is helpful to analyze the climatological and weather details of a particular region it also plays an important role in estimating agricultural models.
Supervised machine learning based dynamic estimation of bulk soil moisture us...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper artificial neural network based sensor informatics architecture has been investigated; including proposed continuous daily estimation of area wise surface soil moisture using cosmic ray sensor’s neutron count time series. Study was conducted based on cosmic ray data available from two Australian locations. The main focus of this study was to develop a data driven approach to convert neutron counts into area wise ground surface soil moisture estimates. Independent surface soil moisture data from the Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP) was used as ground truth. A comparative study using five different types of neural networks, namely, Feed Forward Back Propagation (FFBPN), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLPN), Radial Basis Function (RBFN), Elman (EN), and Probabilistic networks (PNN) was conducted to evaluate the overall soil moisture estimation accuracy. Best performance from the Elman network outperformed all other neural networks with 94% accuracy with 92% sensitivity and 97% specificity based on Tullochgorum data. Overall high accuracy proved the effectiveness of the Elman neural network to estimate surface soil moisture continuously using cosmic ray sensors. Index Terms: Artificial Neural Network, Surface Soil Moisture, Cosmic Ray Sensors, Neutron Counts.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The development of modeling wind speed plays a very important in helping to obtain the actual wind speed data for the benefit of the power plant planning in the future. The wind speed in this paper is obtained from a PCE-FWS 20 type measuring instrument with a duration of 30 minutes which is accumulated into monthly data for one year (2019). Despite the many wind speed modeling that has been done by researchers. Modeling wind speeds proposed in this study were obtained from the modified Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the Rayleigh scale factor (Cr) and modified Rayleigh scale factor (Cm) were calculated. The observed wind speed is compared with the predicted wind characteristics. The data fit test used correlation coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the proposed modified Rayleigh model provide very good results for users.
A framework for cloud cover prediction using machine learning with data imput...IJECEIAES
The climatic conditions of a region are affected by multiple factors. These factors are dew point temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. These factors are closely related to each other. In this paper, the correlation between these factors is studied and an approach has been proposed for data imputation. The idea is to utilize all these features to obtain the prediction of the total cloud cover of a region instead of removing the missing values. Total cloud cover prediction is significant because it affects the agriculture, aviation, and energy sectors. Based on the imputed data which is obtained as the output of the proposed method, a machine learning-based model is proposed. The foundation of this proposed model is the bi-directional approach of the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. It is trained for 8 stations for two different approaches. In the first approach, 80% of the entire data is considered for training and 20% of the data is considered for testing. In the second approach, 90% of the entire data is accounted for training and 10% of the data is accounted for testing. It is observed that in the first approach, the model gives less error for prediction.
Estimation of satellite link’s fade margin using non-meteorological techniqu...IJECEIAES
Satellite technology is shifting to higher frequencies such as Q or V-band to cater to greater bandwidth and higher data rates applications such as videoconferencing, internet of things (IoT) and telemedicine. The main challenge in deploying high-frequency bands in heavy precipitation areas is severe rain attenuation. In this paper, a frequency scaling technique was developed to estimate the fade margin at a higher frequency. The worst month analysis was also conducted since the analysis is also important in determining dependable fade margin. The result was evaluated and analyzed using root mean square error (RMSE) and percentage error. The proposed model offers the smallest RMSE and lowest percentage error when compared to all existing prediction models. A dependable fade margin acquired from high-accuracy rain attenuation estimation is very important. This is to apply the best mitigation technique in overcoming rain attenuation in the satellite-Earth link so that, the best system performance can be delivered.
Analysis of green’s function and surface current density for rectangular micr...eSAT Journals
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Experimental investigation, optimization and performance prediction of wind turbine(s) for complex terrain
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION, OPTIMIZATION AND
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WIND TURBINE(S) FOR COMPLEX
TERRAIN
Aamir Naseer1
, Anurag Gour2
, Pankaj Jain3
, Mukesh Pandey4
1
Scholar, 2, 3
Assistant Professor, 4
Professor, Department of Energy Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki
Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P)
Abstract
Man has been doing business with Winds since a very long period of time; the wind power has been used as long as humans have put
sails into the wind. For more than two millennia wind powered machines have ground grain and pumped water. This affiliation of
man and wind is inexhaustible which makes Wind Energy a very significant and rapidly developing renewable energy sources in all
over the world. But when it comes to electricity generation by harnessing the wind energy, indeed, it requires more technicality, since
it requires a great need for correct and reliable installations of new wind turbines in a more optimized way for smooth operations and
electricity productions, and for that, a precise knowledge of wind energy regime is a prerequisite for the efficient and optimized
extraction of power from the wind. The main purpose of this paper is to present, in brief, wind potential and to perform an
investigation on wind flow characteristics at RGPV Hill Top. In this work the recorded time series wind data for a period of five
months as from july-2013 to November-2013 at the heights of 20 meters and 40 meters was fetched and analyzed for studying the
observed wind climate, which was recorded by the NRG Symphonie Data logger wind mast installed at Energy Park, RGPV campus
with an fixed averaging interval of 10 minutes, the analyzed data which was worked upon comprises of wind speed data in meter per
second and its direction of flow in degrees. As a part of this work, the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) was
employed to predict average mean-wind speeds for all directions for some desired sites. The influences of roughness of the terrain, for
the area were also taken into consideration, followed by the vector map of the area. These data were analyzed using WAsP software
and regional wind climate of the area was determined, leading to a wind resource map of the whole site, providing crucial details
which helped in selecting the proposed turbine sites. Also, the AEP for the two already installed turbines was calculated.
Keywords: WAsP, AEP, Wind resource, Wind Rose
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Limited reserves of fossil fuels and their negative impacts on
the environment lead institutions, organizations and
governments to find out more efficient technologies and new
and renewable energy resources to produce energy in the natural
environment. Recently, wind energy is the growing energy
source in the world and wind power is one of the most widely
used alternative sources of energy. The effective utilization of
the wind energy entails having a detailed knowledge of the wind
characteristics at the particular location. The distribution of
wind speeds is important for the design of wind farms, power
generators and agricultural applications such as the irrigation. It
is not an easy task to choose a site for a wind turbine because
many factors have to be taken into account [1].
By knowing the wind characteristics in any region will help
greatly in identifying windy sites which is crucial for the
successful installation and operation of wind turbines. The
suitable windy sites are necessary in order to assess the
maximum possible electricity that could be generated by a wind
turbine at that particular site at the minimum cost [2]. For the
commencement of any wind energy project, the first essential
step is the identification of suitable sites and prediction of the
economic viability of the wind project. So, the analysis of wind
characteristics and the prediction of the climate in any specified
region could greatly help in identifying areas with maximum
power density which further allows the best possible
installations and operations of wind turbines.
2. APPLICATION OF WASP ON RGPV HILL TOP
WAsP Wind software is a tool for evaluating the wind
conditions of a specific site, taking into consideration the local
influences, by applying the wind data of a suitable reference
point to this site [3]. Provided with the time series wind data
which was recorded by the wind mast installed inside the
campus at Energy Park, the data was analyzed and processed
accordingly to the standard file as required by the WAsP. And
by utilizing the SRTM data the vector map of the specified area
was developed to study the orography and roughness of the
terrain. To be able to predict the wind climate and eventually
the wind potential of the site, the ‘observed wind climate’ of the
area was developed using WAsP and by taking into account the
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influence of roughness of the terrain, obstacles nearby the site
and the topography, now also, this study allows further research
to calculate annual energy prediction at any specific desired
location. Therefore, eventually the AEP for two already
installed turbines was also calculated which are installed at the
RGPV hill site.
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. Acquisition and analysis of time series data.
2. Preparation of vector map of the RGPV hill including the
nearby area.
3. Classification of terrain features and roughness description
along with a roughness map
4. Determining the observed wind climate at the mast site
5. Preparation of Generalized wind climate for the site
6. Estimation of AEP of installed turbines
7. Selection of feasible locations for turbine sitting.
4. DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE
The study site is located inside the Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki
Vishwavidyalaya campus, with a geographical coordinates at
23.307° Lat and 77.363° Lon, which is an isolated hill. The
institution is near Gandhi Nagar on the outskirts of the city,
3 km from the airport on the Gwalior bypass road. The campus
is spread over 241.14 acres (0.9759 km2). The campus has
instruction blocks, workshop, library block, nanotechnology
block, School of Energy and Environment block and
Administrative block [4].
5. DESCRIPTION OF THE MONITORING SITE
The wind data for the purpose of study was recorded by the
NRG Symphonie data logger which is installed inside the
Energy Park and the wind data was fetched for a period of five
months at two mast heights of 20 and 40 meters with a
geographical location of East 077’ 21.668 and North 23’ 18.720
and the elevation of mast base is 591 meters.
The mast is shown in figure 1, it is a 3 cup type anemometer
with measuring heights of 20 and 40 meters and two wind vanes
at the heights of 38 and 20 meters. It also provides the
measurements for Temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric
pressure and rain gauge.
A data logger was connected with all sensors on the mast to
collect data in time series. , and the data logger was Symphonie
data logger which has a fixed averaging interval of 10 minutes.
Each of the 12 channels’ averages, standard deviations,
minimum and maximum values are calculated from continuous
2 second data samples. Data intervals are calculated every 10
minutes, time stamped with the beginning time of each interval
and written to the Multimedia Card (MMC) at the top of each
hour.
Fig 1- Wind mast at Energy Park, RGPV
5.1 Topography of RGPV Hill and Nearby Area
Topography of any specified area is essential in describing the
elevation also known as orography and land cover also known
as surface roughness of the area surrounding the calculation
sites such as meteorological stations, reference sites, turbine
sites or the sites in a resource grid. For this purpose WAsP uses
vector maps to get information about the elevation (orography)
and land cover (roughness) characteristics of the landscape in
which the modelling is being done [5].
Fig 2 - Satellite image of the Area
Mortensen et. Al., have reported that it is possible to obtain
accurate assessment of stable wind speed which are close to the
measured values with maps of 8 x 8 sq. Km and the influence of
contour interval on the accuracy of wind speed prediction [7].
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This study includes the vector map of the site which covers an
area spread about 28 sq. Kms having width of 6.7 km and height
of 4.1 km. The map used in this study has 143 elevation contour
lines and the map was transformed to the Universal Transverse
Mercator (UTM) projection with the datum of WGS 1984. The
area falls in Zone 43 with the central meridian of +75° E, with
elevation ranging from a low of 450 m to a high of 546 m.
Fig. 3 -Vector map of RGPV hill showing elevation contours
5.2 Obstacles near the Measuring Site
Obstacle groups are used to describe objects in the vicinity of
one or more calculation sites (met. station, turbine site or
reference site) which might affect the behaviour of the wind at
the site. Examples of sheltering obstacles include buildings,
shelter belts and groups of trees. Each obstacle present near the
measuring site affect the wind data collected and it depends
upon porosity and roughness of the terrain [5].
In this study the obstacles were specified by their position
relative to the measuring mast site and the dimensions of each
obstacle was assigned along with the porosity of each obstacle.
Positions of all the obstacles were specified in a polar
coordinate system. Angles (bearings measured with a compass)
from the mast to the front side corners of each obstacles are
measured and specified in clockwise from north, radial lenghts
between the front side corners and the mast was measured and
specified.
The list and location of obstacles for the wind monitoring
station for incorporation as a WAsP obstacle file is shown in
TABLE 2 and the plot shown in FIG.4, TABLE shows the
reading for the two Angles from the mast location to the two
corners of the obstacle (A1 & A2), Radial lenghts between the
mast and the corners (R1 & R2), height, depth, and the porosity
of the obstacle.
Table 1: List of obstacles
ID
#
A1[] R1[m] A2[] R2[m]
Ht.
[m]
D Por.
1 2.8 106 3 87 10 37 0.50
2 21 126 25 104 10 72 0.50
3 50 159 55 150 10 36 0.50
4 63 188 79 171 10 55 0.50
5 70 130 77 125 10 40 0.50
6 39 69 52 55 10 70 0.50
7 111 39 143 20 10 20 0.50
8 94.2 117 96 45 10 19 0.50
9 94 134 102 126 10 35 0.50
Fig. 4 - Obstaceles group near the measuring site
6. OBSERVED WIND CLIMATE AT ENERGY
PARK
The analysis of time series data of meteorological data to obtain
the observed wind climate is done by Climate Analyst, and the
result of these analyses is the summaries which describes some
aspect of the climate. The observed wind climate file contains
the frequencies of occurrence of the wind in a number of sectors
(the wind rose) and wind speed bins. It further contains the
height of observation above ground level and the geographical
coordinates (latitude and longitude) of the wind mast [5].
The observed wind climate (OWC) represents as closely as
possible the long-term wind climate at anemometer height at the
position of the meteorological mast [5], [6]. The discrepancy
calculated in the measured and Weibull fitted values of mean
wind speed and mean power density for 20 m is shown in
Table-I.
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Table 2: Discrepancy in mean wind speed & mean power
density at 20 m
Mean wind speed Mean power
density
Measured 2.55 m/s 19 W/m2
Weibull fit 2.58 m/s 20 W/m2
Discrepancy 1.4 % 2.0 %
The values of weibull parameters (A, k), mean wind speed (U),
mean power density (P) and frequency of all 12 sectors (0° to
359°) are calculated from WAsP OWC Wizard and recorded in
Table-3 for 20 m height.
Table- 3: sector wise parameters at 20m
sectors A k U P f
0 2.9 1.78 2.56 22 4.9
30 2.4 2.08 2.09 10 8.6
60 1.9 1.81 1.72 7 13.1
90 2.0 1.83 1.77 7 10.3
120 2.0 2.12 1.76 6 4.5
150 1.6 2.61 1.42 3 1.9
180 2.4 2.10 2.15 11 1.9
210 3.1 2.40 2.72 20 6.5
240 3.3 2.40 2.91 25 11.4
270 3.8 3.00 3.36 33 19.7
300 3.7 3.42 3.33 30 11.9
330 3.3 1.96 2.89 29 5.3
7. WIND ROSE AND HISTOGRAM
Wind direction is one of the wind characteristics. Statistical data
of wind directions over a long period of time is very important
in the site selection of wind farm and the layout of wind
turbines in the wind farm [7].
The wind rose diagram is a useful tool of analyzing wind data
that are related to wind directions at a particular location over a
specific time period (year, season, month, week, etc.). This
circular diagram displays the relative frequency of wind
directions distributed among all the directions.
It is noticed that strong winds usually come from a particular
direction, hence to show the information about the distributions
of wind speeds, and the frequency of the varying wind
directions, the Wind Rose diagram has been prepared [8].
The wind rose diagram showing relative frequencies of wind
direction for each sector and the histogram graph of the
frequencies of wind speeds at 20m mast heights is shown in
figure 5.
Fig. 5 - Wind Rose and Weibull distribution for 20 m at RGPV
Energy Park mast
8. ESTIMATION OF POWER PRODUCTION OF
TURBINE
The total energy content or the potential in the wind to produce
power is calculated by WAsP. Furthermore, an estimate of the
actual, annual mean energy production of a wind turbine can be
obtained by providing WAsP with the power curve of the wind
turbine in question [5].
The equation used by WAsP for calculating the mean power
production of a wind turbine is shown below. With WAsP, the
total or Omni-directional power production is calculated as the
sum of the sector-wise power productions.
Once the power curve P (u) is measured for a wind turbine, the
mean power production can be estimated provided the
probability density function of the wind speed at hub height is
determined either by measurements or a siting procedure [5]:
P = Pr u P u d(u)
∞
0
For the estimation process, the power curve of the installed
wind turbine(s) was developed, namely 10 KW machinocraft
wind turbine generator. The power curve was developed by
Turbine Editor, which is a utility tool of WAsP. The power
curve shown below in the figure 6 is a graph between wind
speed in m/s and power in KW along with the thrust coefficient
of the wind turbine.
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Fig. 6 - Power curve of 10 KW machinocraft wind turbine
generator
The result generated by WAsP displayed as a Rose diagram
shows the distribution of power density at the turbine sites at a
hub height of 20 m.
Fig.7 - Power Density Rose at 20 m
Table 4: Turbine Site Results
Site
Turbine
site 01
Turbine site 02
Location in UTM
[m]
741580.3,
2579111.0
741742.3,
2579906.0
Turbine
Machinocraft 10 KW wind
turbine generator
Elevation [m a.s.l.] 523.3293 522.7935
Height [m a.g.l.] 20 20
Net AEP [MWh] 10.537 11.035
Wake loss[%] 0.24 0.01
9. CONCLUSIONS
The following points are concluded from this study-
1. Wind data was recorded at Energy park wind mast for
the duration of five months from July-2013 to
November 201, in order to study the prevailing wind
climate at the site.
2. Recorded wind data was further analyzed to extract the
values for mean wind speed and mean power density at
the recording site, and which was found out to be 2.55
m/s and 19 W/m2
respectively at the height of 20
meters.
3. In order to predict the wind climate at the desired site,
‘generalized wind climate’ was calculated for reference
height of 20 m on the basis of observed wind climate at
the recording site.
4. A wind rose diagram was prepared in order to
determine the relative frequencies of wind direction for
each sector at the wind recording site. And it was
observed that the prevailing direction for the wind flow
was sector 10 which corresponds roughly towards
West at both reference heights.
5. On the basis of observed wind climate report, it was
inferred that the minimum wind speed was 0.40 m/s
and 9.80 m/s was the maximum value of wind speed at
the height of 20 m.
6. Mean power density calculated for the mast location
was 19 W/m2
for the reference height of 20 m.
7. To study the effects of roughness on the wind flow the
roughness of the whole area surrounding the site was
put into consideration and the area was divided into
various roughness classes, and as a result it was
observed that roughness is a crucial factor in predicting
the wind flow and climate.
8. In order to calculate an estimate for the annual power
production by installed wind turbines, the power curve
for the 10 KW wind turbine was calculated using
Turbine Editor utility tool.
9. The net AEP calculated for the turbines at turbine site
01 and 02 was 10.537 MWh and 11.035 MWh
respectively.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my deep gratitude towards Dr. V.K.
Sethi, Director, University Institute of Technology, Rajeev
Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishvavidyalaya, Bhopal and Head of the
Department of Energy Technology, and also to all my faculty
members and supporting staff of the department for their
valuable support and constructive suggestions throughout the
work.
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