At present, with the development of wind power project in China, there are more and more projects located at the complex terrain and complex environment. At the same time, since the large planned area of project, the complex mountain area, and limited number of met mast, even without met mast, in order to the reliable development of the wind power project, it is important that how to do the wind resource assessment without actual measurement wind data and other conditions such as less reliable wind data, and the met mast was not considered representative. This paper will use the atmospheric model to do mesoscale simulation calculation of wind resources, and then combine with CFD technology to downscaling computation to get high resolution wind power assessment result. Finally, in order to confirm the validity of this application in the actual project, the comparison between calculation values and measurement values is carried out. The verification result through the actual data of different met mast shows that the wind resource assessment method which combines the CFD and mesoscale technologies is reliable. The main contribution of the article is to provide the reference model and approach for regional planning and large scale wind resource assessment when there isn’t enough adequate and effective wind data.
Determination of wind energy potential of campus area of siirt universitymehmet şahin
In this study, wind energy potential of Siirt
University campus area is statistically examined by using the mean hourly wind speed data between 2014
and 2015 years which are measured by Vantage Pro2 device, located at the roof of the Engineering Faculty building with 6 m altitude. Weibull distribution
function and Rayleigh distribution function are used
as statistical approach to evaluate the wind data. Weibull distribution function is examined by using two different methods that are maximum likelihood estimation and Rayleigh method. The determination
coefficient (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of these methods are compared. According the error analysis, it is indicated that the Rayleigh method
gives better results. Wind speed and wind power density are calculated in pursuance of Weibull distribution parameters. The results are evaluated as
monthly and annually. Hence, this preliminary study is made to determine the wind energy potential of Siirt University campus area.
Predicting the Wind: Wind farm prospecting using GISKenex Ltd
A presentation given to the ESRI NZ User Conference in 2012 about the wind prospecting system developed by Kenex using ArcGIS and custom modelling tools.
2013 ASPRS Track, Developing an ArcGIS Toolbox for Estimating EvapoTranspirat...GIS in the Rockies
Estimating water used by vegetated areas is very important for water resources management and water rights. Traditionally the amount of water delivered to an area is calculated by installing some measuring device (flumes, weirs, flow meters, etc.). The alternative approach presented here estimates the actual water use in a vegetated areas based on ground surface energy balance concept using the ReSET model (Remote Sensing of ET – ReSET developed by IDS group in Colorado state university) that uses satellite and Arial imagery with visible and thermal bands along with weather data to estimate daily actual crop Evapotranspiration (ET) for vegetated areas. Surface energy balance models have been proven to be a robust approach for estimating vegetation evapotranspiration. One of the main limitations of wider application of these models in water resources and irrigation management is the requirement of extensive back ground in surface energy modeling. This presentation shows the development and the application of an ArcGIS toolbox that runs an automated version of the ReSET model. The tool is compatible with NASA/USGS Landsat Legacy Project. The presented ArcGIS tool automates the model in all stages and requires minimum interference from user. The tool presented accommodates both basic and advanced users. The results using the tool were tested and validated using results from manual ReSET model runs.
Determination of wind energy potential of campus area of siirt universitymehmet şahin
In this study, wind energy potential of Siirt
University campus area is statistically examined by using the mean hourly wind speed data between 2014
and 2015 years which are measured by Vantage Pro2 device, located at the roof of the Engineering Faculty building with 6 m altitude. Weibull distribution
function and Rayleigh distribution function are used
as statistical approach to evaluate the wind data. Weibull distribution function is examined by using two different methods that are maximum likelihood estimation and Rayleigh method. The determination
coefficient (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of these methods are compared. According the error analysis, it is indicated that the Rayleigh method
gives better results. Wind speed and wind power density are calculated in pursuance of Weibull distribution parameters. The results are evaluated as
monthly and annually. Hence, this preliminary study is made to determine the wind energy potential of Siirt University campus area.
Predicting the Wind: Wind farm prospecting using GISKenex Ltd
A presentation given to the ESRI NZ User Conference in 2012 about the wind prospecting system developed by Kenex using ArcGIS and custom modelling tools.
2013 ASPRS Track, Developing an ArcGIS Toolbox for Estimating EvapoTranspirat...GIS in the Rockies
Estimating water used by vegetated areas is very important for water resources management and water rights. Traditionally the amount of water delivered to an area is calculated by installing some measuring device (flumes, weirs, flow meters, etc.). The alternative approach presented here estimates the actual water use in a vegetated areas based on ground surface energy balance concept using the ReSET model (Remote Sensing of ET – ReSET developed by IDS group in Colorado state university) that uses satellite and Arial imagery with visible and thermal bands along with weather data to estimate daily actual crop Evapotranspiration (ET) for vegetated areas. Surface energy balance models have been proven to be a robust approach for estimating vegetation evapotranspiration. One of the main limitations of wider application of these models in water resources and irrigation management is the requirement of extensive back ground in surface energy modeling. This presentation shows the development and the application of an ArcGIS toolbox that runs an automated version of the ReSET model. The tool is compatible with NASA/USGS Landsat Legacy Project. The presented ArcGIS tool automates the model in all stages and requires minimum interference from user. The tool presented accommodates both basic and advanced users. The results using the tool were tested and validated using results from manual ReSET model runs.
Large cities are engaged in reducing CO2 emissions with the help of renewable energy. The aim of this study is to assess wind energy production over the 640 km² of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB in Catalan) in order to set up small wind turbines to be connected to the smart grid. Buildings
will create wind acceleration, recirculation areas, blocking effects. CFD software Urbawind models the wind inside this complex urban canopy. The work has been commissioned by the Sustainability Plan and the Environmental Services of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. WWW.METEODYN.COM
Use of mesoscale modeling to increase the reliability of wind resource assess...Jean-Claude Meteodyn
During wind farm design phase, the wind direction distribution is a crucial information for wind turbine layout optimization. However, in complex terrains, the wind rose at hub height of the wind turbines can be quite different from met mast measurement.The study shows that in complex terrains, the use of mesoscale modeling provides a complement to met mast measurement. It allows to better determine the turbine-specific wind rose and to reduce the uncertainty in wind resource assessment. The coupling of mesoscale and CFD model allows to produce high resolution wind map, by taking into account both mesoscale and microscale terrain effects.
Validation of wind resource assessment process based on CFD Jean-Claude Meteodyn
Wind resource assessment requires nowadays more efficient tools to provide an accurate evaluation of production in order to reduce costs.As onshore wind farms are built in more complex terrains, it is necessary to find a new method to provide a fine evaluation of energy which reduces the error during the data extrapolation process. This explains why CFD models have become a standard for WRA in specific conditions.This presentation is focused on the wind speed and energy yield prediction carried out for a 29MW wind farm project. The accuracy of the wind modeling is investigated by the cross validation between the different met masts around the site. The net energy prediction P50 is compared against real wind farm performance data during a blind test organized by EWEA in 2013. More than 50 companies have been involved in order to compare methods results.
Contribution to the investigation of wind characteristics and assessment of w...Université de Dschang
M. Bawe Gerard Nfor, Jr. a soutenu sa thèse de Doctorat/Phd en Physique, option Mécanique-Énergétique ce 19 mai 2016 dans la salle des conférences de l'Université de Dschang. A l'issue de la soutenance, le jury présidé par le Prof. Anaclet Fomethe lui a décerné, à l'unanimité de ses membres, la mention très honorable.
Voici la présentation powerpoint qu'il a effectuée dans le cadre de cette soutenance.
Thermal stratification in cfd modelling for wind resource assessmentJean-Claude Meteodyn
Up to know CFD computations in wind resource assessment mainly focused on wind statistics treatment, and then considered average thermal structure of the atmosphere. With an increasing demand for a more accurate description of these statistics, including time series, there is a need for considering more specific situations, and particularly stable thermal stratifications (ref 1). We present here a new turbulence model allowing to consider the strongly stable cases in CFD computations.
Experimental investigation, optimization and performance prediction of wind t...eSAT Journals
Abstract Man has been doing business with Winds since a very long period of time; the wind power has been used as long as humans have put sails into the wind. For more than two millennia wind powered machines have ground grain and pumped water. This affiliation of man and wind is inexhaustible which makes Wind Energy a very significant and rapidly developing renewable energy sources in all over the world. But when it comes to electricity generation by harnessing the wind energy, indeed, it requires more technicality, since it requires a great need for correct and reliable installations of new wind turbines in a more optimized way for smooth operations and electricity productions, and for that, a precise knowledge of wind energy regime is a prerequisite for the efficient and optimized extraction of power from the wind. The main purpose of this paper is to present, in brief, wind potential and to perform an investigation on wind flow characteristics at RGPV Hill Top. In this work the recorded time series wind data for a period of five months as from july-2013 to November-2013 at the heights of 20 meters and 40 meters was fetched and analyzed for studying the observed wind climate, which was recorded by the NRG Symphonie Data logger wind mast installed at Energy Park, RGPV campus with an fixed averaging interval of 10 minutes, the analyzed data which was worked upon comprises of wind speed data in meter per second and its direction of flow in degrees. As a part of this work, the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) was employed to predict average mean-wind speeds for all directions for some desired sites. The influences of roughness of the terrain, for the area were also taken into consideration, followed by the vector map of the area. These data were analyzed using WAsP software and regional wind climate of the area was determined, leading to a wind resource map of the whole site, providing crucial details which helped in selecting the proposed turbine sites. Also, the AEP for the two already installed turbines was calculated.
Experimental investigation, optimization and performance prediction of wind t...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Potential Benefits and Implementation of MM5 and RUC2 Data with the CALPUFF A...BREEZE Software
At the absolute minimum, CALMET (CALPUFF’s meteorological preprocessor) requires hourly measurements of surface meteorological data and twice-daily upper air data soundings.
Numerical simulation of wind flow over complex terrain (yangon city)Zin Soul
To get an economical and safe design structures in design process, this study investigate how to change vertical wind profile depends on surface roughness over the terrain. Nowadays, the concern of wind engineering is increasing among Myanmar engineers because of increasing damages due to the frequent occurrence of natural disasters and construction of many tall and modernized buildings in the city centers, which are more susceptible to wind loads. Wind direction and vertical wind speed profile are sensitively influenced by local topography. These factors connect directly with wind loading and buffeting response of buildings. It is very important to find out the vertical wind speed profile and other characteristics of the wind velocity. However, predicting and properly assessing the wind flow over or around obstacles is a difficult and expensive process when using the experimental approach. In this study, the computations are performed in OpenFOAM (Open Field Operation and Manipulation) Computational Fluid Dynamics Toolbox and the turbulence is modeled by using Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models mainly k-epsilon (k-ε) for cases.
Delineation of Mahanadi River Basin by Using GIS and ArcSWATinventionjournals
Precipitation is the significant segment of hydrologic cycle and this essential wellspring of overflow. In hydrological models precipitation as information, release is mimicked at the outlet of a watershed. Exactness of release re-enactment relies on drainage zone of the watershed. Therefore in the present work Mahanadi river basin lying within Odisha (drainage area approximately 65000 sq. km.) has been delineated in to five subbasins based on the five CWC operated discharge sites in Odisha. In the present work Arc-Swat has been used to delineate the watershed with the help of the (digital elevation model) DEM. At last as indicated by area of release locales, the aggregate study range was isolated into five sub-basins in particular Kesinga, Kantamal, Salebhata, Sundergarh and Tikarpada. It was observed that number of sub-watersheds into which the study area is being depicted relies on number of outlets and density of drainage. For a specific number of outlets, the thick is the density of drainage the more is the quantity of sub-watershed and the other way around.
Comparison Of Onsite And Nws Meteorology Data Sets Based On Varying Nearby La...BREEZE Software
A comparison of meteorological parameters influencing AERMOD-predicted concentrations between a meteorological dataset using only NWS data and one incorporating onsite wind speed and direction data is presented in this paper.
The development of modeling wind speed plays a very important in helping to obtain the actual wind speed data for the benefit of the power plant planning in the future. The wind speed in this paper is obtained from a PCE-FWS 20 type measuring instrument with a duration of 30 minutes which is accumulated into monthly data for one year (2019). Despite the many wind speed modeling that has been done by researchers. Modeling wind speeds proposed in this study were obtained from the modified Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the Rayleigh scale factor (Cr) and modified Rayleigh scale factor (Cm) were calculated. The observed wind speed is compared with the predicted wind characteristics. The data fit test used correlation coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the proposed modified Rayleigh model provide very good results for users.
Large cities are engaged in reducing CO2 emissions with the help of renewable energy. The aim of this study is to assess wind energy production over the 640 km² of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB in Catalan) in order to set up small wind turbines to be connected to the smart grid. Buildings
will create wind acceleration, recirculation areas, blocking effects. CFD software Urbawind models the wind inside this complex urban canopy. The work has been commissioned by the Sustainability Plan and the Environmental Services of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. WWW.METEODYN.COM
Use of mesoscale modeling to increase the reliability of wind resource assess...Jean-Claude Meteodyn
During wind farm design phase, the wind direction distribution is a crucial information for wind turbine layout optimization. However, in complex terrains, the wind rose at hub height of the wind turbines can be quite different from met mast measurement.The study shows that in complex terrains, the use of mesoscale modeling provides a complement to met mast measurement. It allows to better determine the turbine-specific wind rose and to reduce the uncertainty in wind resource assessment. The coupling of mesoscale and CFD model allows to produce high resolution wind map, by taking into account both mesoscale and microscale terrain effects.
Validation of wind resource assessment process based on CFD Jean-Claude Meteodyn
Wind resource assessment requires nowadays more efficient tools to provide an accurate evaluation of production in order to reduce costs.As onshore wind farms are built in more complex terrains, it is necessary to find a new method to provide a fine evaluation of energy which reduces the error during the data extrapolation process. This explains why CFD models have become a standard for WRA in specific conditions.This presentation is focused on the wind speed and energy yield prediction carried out for a 29MW wind farm project. The accuracy of the wind modeling is investigated by the cross validation between the different met masts around the site. The net energy prediction P50 is compared against real wind farm performance data during a blind test organized by EWEA in 2013. More than 50 companies have been involved in order to compare methods results.
Contribution to the investigation of wind characteristics and assessment of w...Université de Dschang
M. Bawe Gerard Nfor, Jr. a soutenu sa thèse de Doctorat/Phd en Physique, option Mécanique-Énergétique ce 19 mai 2016 dans la salle des conférences de l'Université de Dschang. A l'issue de la soutenance, le jury présidé par le Prof. Anaclet Fomethe lui a décerné, à l'unanimité de ses membres, la mention très honorable.
Voici la présentation powerpoint qu'il a effectuée dans le cadre de cette soutenance.
Thermal stratification in cfd modelling for wind resource assessmentJean-Claude Meteodyn
Up to know CFD computations in wind resource assessment mainly focused on wind statistics treatment, and then considered average thermal structure of the atmosphere. With an increasing demand for a more accurate description of these statistics, including time series, there is a need for considering more specific situations, and particularly stable thermal stratifications (ref 1). We present here a new turbulence model allowing to consider the strongly stable cases in CFD computations.
Experimental investigation, optimization and performance prediction of wind t...eSAT Journals
Abstract Man has been doing business with Winds since a very long period of time; the wind power has been used as long as humans have put sails into the wind. For more than two millennia wind powered machines have ground grain and pumped water. This affiliation of man and wind is inexhaustible which makes Wind Energy a very significant and rapidly developing renewable energy sources in all over the world. But when it comes to electricity generation by harnessing the wind energy, indeed, it requires more technicality, since it requires a great need for correct and reliable installations of new wind turbines in a more optimized way for smooth operations and electricity productions, and for that, a precise knowledge of wind energy regime is a prerequisite for the efficient and optimized extraction of power from the wind. The main purpose of this paper is to present, in brief, wind potential and to perform an investigation on wind flow characteristics at RGPV Hill Top. In this work the recorded time series wind data for a period of five months as from july-2013 to November-2013 at the heights of 20 meters and 40 meters was fetched and analyzed for studying the observed wind climate, which was recorded by the NRG Symphonie Data logger wind mast installed at Energy Park, RGPV campus with an fixed averaging interval of 10 minutes, the analyzed data which was worked upon comprises of wind speed data in meter per second and its direction of flow in degrees. As a part of this work, the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) was employed to predict average mean-wind speeds for all directions for some desired sites. The influences of roughness of the terrain, for the area were also taken into consideration, followed by the vector map of the area. These data were analyzed using WAsP software and regional wind climate of the area was determined, leading to a wind resource map of the whole site, providing crucial details which helped in selecting the proposed turbine sites. Also, the AEP for the two already installed turbines was calculated.
Experimental investigation, optimization and performance prediction of wind t...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Potential Benefits and Implementation of MM5 and RUC2 Data with the CALPUFF A...BREEZE Software
At the absolute minimum, CALMET (CALPUFF’s meteorological preprocessor) requires hourly measurements of surface meteorological data and twice-daily upper air data soundings.
Numerical simulation of wind flow over complex terrain (yangon city)Zin Soul
To get an economical and safe design structures in design process, this study investigate how to change vertical wind profile depends on surface roughness over the terrain. Nowadays, the concern of wind engineering is increasing among Myanmar engineers because of increasing damages due to the frequent occurrence of natural disasters and construction of many tall and modernized buildings in the city centers, which are more susceptible to wind loads. Wind direction and vertical wind speed profile are sensitively influenced by local topography. These factors connect directly with wind loading and buffeting response of buildings. It is very important to find out the vertical wind speed profile and other characteristics of the wind velocity. However, predicting and properly assessing the wind flow over or around obstacles is a difficult and expensive process when using the experimental approach. In this study, the computations are performed in OpenFOAM (Open Field Operation and Manipulation) Computational Fluid Dynamics Toolbox and the turbulence is modeled by using Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models mainly k-epsilon (k-ε) for cases.
Delineation of Mahanadi River Basin by Using GIS and ArcSWATinventionjournals
Precipitation is the significant segment of hydrologic cycle and this essential wellspring of overflow. In hydrological models precipitation as information, release is mimicked at the outlet of a watershed. Exactness of release re-enactment relies on drainage zone of the watershed. Therefore in the present work Mahanadi river basin lying within Odisha (drainage area approximately 65000 sq. km.) has been delineated in to five subbasins based on the five CWC operated discharge sites in Odisha. In the present work Arc-Swat has been used to delineate the watershed with the help of the (digital elevation model) DEM. At last as indicated by area of release locales, the aggregate study range was isolated into five sub-basins in particular Kesinga, Kantamal, Salebhata, Sundergarh and Tikarpada. It was observed that number of sub-watersheds into which the study area is being depicted relies on number of outlets and density of drainage. For a specific number of outlets, the thick is the density of drainage the more is the quantity of sub-watershed and the other way around.
Comparison Of Onsite And Nws Meteorology Data Sets Based On Varying Nearby La...BREEZE Software
A comparison of meteorological parameters influencing AERMOD-predicted concentrations between a meteorological dataset using only NWS data and one incorporating onsite wind speed and direction data is presented in this paper.
The development of modeling wind speed plays a very important in helping to obtain the actual wind speed data for the benefit of the power plant planning in the future. The wind speed in this paper is obtained from a PCE-FWS 20 type measuring instrument with a duration of 30 minutes which is accumulated into monthly data for one year (2019). Despite the many wind speed modeling that has been done by researchers. Modeling wind speeds proposed in this study were obtained from the modified Rayleigh distribution. In this study, the Rayleigh scale factor (Cr) and modified Rayleigh scale factor (Cm) were calculated. The observed wind speed is compared with the predicted wind characteristics. The data fit test used correlation coefficient (R2), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the proposed modified Rayleigh model provide very good results for users.
A framework for cloud cover prediction using machine learning with data imput...IJECEIAES
The climatic conditions of a region are affected by multiple factors. These factors are dew point temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. These factors are closely related to each other. In this paper, the correlation between these factors is studied and an approach has been proposed for data imputation. The idea is to utilize all these features to obtain the prediction of the total cloud cover of a region instead of removing the missing values. Total cloud cover prediction is significant because it affects the agriculture, aviation, and energy sectors. Based on the imputed data which is obtained as the output of the proposed method, a machine learning-based model is proposed. The foundation of this proposed model is the bi-directional approach of the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. It is trained for 8 stations for two different approaches. In the first approach, 80% of the entire data is considered for training and 20% of the data is considered for testing. In the second approach, 90% of the entire data is accounted for training and 10% of the data is accounted for testing. It is observed that in the first approach, the model gives less error for prediction.
A novel wind power prediction model using graph attention networks and bi-dir...IJECEIAES
Today, integrating wind energy forecasting is an important area of research due to the erratic nature of wind. To achieve this goal, we propose a new model of wind speed prediction based on graph attention networks (GAT), we added a new attention mechanism and a learnable adjacency matrix to the GAT structure to obtain attention scores for each weather variable. The results of the GAT-based model are merged with the bi-directional deep learning long and short-term memory (BiLSTM) layer to take advantage of the geographic and temporal properties of historical weather data. The experiments and analyzes are carried out using precise meteorological data collected from wind farms in the Moroccan city of Tetouan. We show that the proposed model can learn complex input-output correlations of meteorological data more efficiently than previous wind speed prediction algorithms. Due to the resulting attention weights, the model also provides more information about the main weather factors for the evaluated forecast work.
EMPLOYING MULTI CORE ARCHITECTURE TO OPTIMIZE ON PERFORMANCE, FOR APPROACH IN...IAEME Publication
Cloud detection is an important task in meteorological application. Cloud information is especially important for now-casting purposes [1] and as an input for different satellite based estimation of atmospheric and surface parameters [2 -4]. The solar energy is the principal source of energy in the solar system. Clouds have high reflectance and absorption property which is used to distinguish them with land, water or sea area. There is critical demand to develop application, which can calculate the presence of cloud by using the available satellite image processing data, so that prediction of radiated solar energy can be optimised and energy budget can be predicted more easily.
An Experimental Study of Weibull and Rayleigh Distribution Functions of Wind ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper compares two commonly used functions, the Weibull and Rayleigh distribution
functions, for fitting a measured wind speed probability distribution at a given location over a certain period.
The monthly and annual measured wind speed data at 84 m height for the years have been statistically
analyzed for the country with a large capacity - Kitka. The analysis is made in the case of the
implementation of all the predicted capacity of wind turbines and by virtue of the probability of power
distribution. The Weibull and Rayleigh probability distribution functions have been determined and their
parameters have been identified. The average wind speed and the wind power density have been
estimated using both distribution functions and compared those estimated from the measured probability
distribution function. The Weibull distribution function fits the wind speed variation better than Rayleigh
distribution function. The average wind speed was found to be 4.5 m/s and the average wind power
density was 114.54 W/m According to results, we can conclude that such a distribution of winds in this
region yields an appropriate average value of wind power.
Optimal combinaison of CFD modeling and statistical learning for short-term w...Jean-Claude Meteodyn
After almost three decades of active research, short-term wind power forecasting is now considered as a mature field. It has been widely and successfully put into operation within the past ten years. Meteodyn with over a decade of experience in wind engineering has contributed to this spread with tens of wind farm equipped with forecast solutions around the world. Our next-generation short-term forecasting solution has been designed to makes the most of both a tailored micro-scale CFD modeling and advanced statistical learning. In the frame of our model design, various options have been considered and evaluated taking into account both model performance and operational constraints. Two main approaches for wind power forecasting are usually considered in the literature (and sometimes opposed): “physical” and “statistical”. It is widely admitted that an optimal combination of both is necessary to build a high performance forecasting system. However, behind "optimal combination" resides a wide variety of design options. We propose here to shed some light on what performances one should expect from several modeling options for combining physics (mesoscale/CFD modeling) and statistics (grey/black box statistical learning, phase/magnitude correction, data filtering). Case studies are taken from real wind farms in various climate and terrain conditions.
Rain attenuation statistics for mobile satellite communications estimated fro...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Mobile satellite communications will play a significant role in the next 5th generation mobile
services. The use of high-frequency bands will be the enabler of this advancement. However, at high
frequencies, excess rain attenuation causes severe signal losses and presents a major threat for the
system availability, especially in the tropical region. To that end, this study presents the rain attenuation
impact on mobile satellite communications estimated using long-term radar measurements in Malaysia, by
exploiting the horizontal structure of rain from the radar database and simulating inner-city and highway
mobile terminals scenarios. Additionally, a scaling factor was presented to scale available fixed satellite
terminals measurements to mobile terminals operating at the same locality under similar conditions. In
comparison to the available link measurements, the radar database was reliable enough to provide highly
accurate estimates. In all simulation scenarios, the mobile terminal will depart the rainy area soon enough
and experience lower attenuation statistics in comparison with the fixed terminal. The provided results will
help determine the overall future system performance, especially in tropical regions.
Numerical tools dedicated to wind engineering MeteodynStephane Meteodyn
This paper presents a global methodology to compute wind flow in complex urban areas in order to assess wind pedestrian comfort, wind energy, wind safety or natural
ventilation potential. The numerical tool presented here is composed of a CFD software suite covering both regional scale (20 km) and urban scale (1km), and able to model the wind in any complex terrains and in large urban environments. Examples are presented in the paper in order to show the advantages of the methodology for urban designers...
NS-CUK Joint Journal Club: Minwoo Choi, Review on "Short-term wind speed forecasting based on spatial-temporal graph transformer networks", Energy 2021
Predicting the Wind - wind farm prospecting with GISKenex Ltd
A new and original approach to wind farm development using advanced GIS modelling techniques, that allows developers to cut time and costs at the beginning of a project.
Evaluation of the Energy Performance of the Amougdoul Wind Farm, Morocco IJECEIAES
This paper is concerned with the assessment of the the performance of the Amougdoul wind farm. We have determined the Weibull parameters; namely the scale parameter, c (m/s) and shape parameter, k. After that, we have estimated energy output by a wind turbine using two techniques: the useful power calculation method and the method based on the modeling of the power curve, which is respectively 134.5 kW and 194.19 KW corresponding to 27% and 39% of the available wind energy, which confirm that the conversion efficiency does not exceed 40%.
Forecasting long term global solar radiation with an ann algorithmmehmet şahin
and energy-efficient buildings, solar concentrators, photovoltaic-systems and a site-selection of sites for future
power plants). To establish long-term sustainability of solar energy, energy practitioners utilize versatile
predictive models of G as an indispensable decision-making tool. Notwithstanding this, sparsity of solar sites,
instrument maintenance, policy and fiscal issues constraint the availability of model input data that must be
used for forecasting the onsite value of G. To surmount these challenge, low-cost, readily-available satellite
products accessible over large spatial domains can provide viable alternatives. In this paper, the preciseness of
artificial neural network (ANN) for predictive modelling of G is evaluated for regional Queensland, which
employed Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land-surface temperature (LST) as an
effective predictor. To couple an ANN model with satellite-derived variable, the LST data over 2012–2014 are
acquired in seven groups, with three sites per group where the data for first two (2012–2013) are utilised for
model development and the third (2014) group for cross-validation. For monthly horizon, the ANN model is
optimized by trialing 55 neuronal architectures, while for seasonal forecasting, nine neuronal architectures are
trailed with time-lagged LST. ANN coupled with zero lagged LST utilised scaled conjugate gradient algorithm,
and while ANN with time-lagged LST utilised Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. To ascertain conclusive results,
the objective model is evaluated via multiple linear regression (MLR) and autoregressive integrated moving
average (ARIMA) algorithms. Results showed that an ANN model outperformed MLR and ARIMA models
where an analysis yielded 39% of cumulative errors in smallest magnitude bracket, whereas MLR and ARIMA
produced 15% and 25%. Superiority of an ANN model was demonstrated by site-averaged (monthly) relative
error of 5.85% compared with 10.23% (MLR) and 9.60 (ARIMA) with Willmott's Index of 0.954 (ANN), 0.899
(MLR) and 0.848 (ARIMA). This work ascertains that an ANN model coupled with satellite-derived LST data
can be adopted as a qualified stratagem for the proliferation of solar energy applications in locations that have
an appropriate satellite footprint.
Upcoming Datasets: Global wind map, Jake Badger ( Risoe DTU)IRENA Global Atlas
Upcoming Datasets: Global wind map. A presentation by Jake Badger ( Risoe DTU) during the Global Atlas side event which held at the World Future Energy Summit in 2014
This paper by Meteodyn and ZephIR Lidar, presented at the Wind Europe summit 2016, explains how to use CFD to post process Lidar wind speed data in complex sites. Indeed, there is a known strong inhomogeneity of wind in areas of complex flow which may cause some discrepancies between volume-based Lidar measurements and point-based measurements from standard anemometers. The only reliable solution to reduce uncertainties and get the most accurate energy yield predictions is to use CFD modelling...
Modelling wind flow in forested area - study by Meteodyn and Iberdrola Renewa...Jean-Claude Meteodyn
Meteodyn and Iberdrola Renovables have undertaken a systematic analysis of measurements data obtained in numerous sites, compared with Computation Fluid Dynamic approach. The analysis has consisted in highlighting the influence of several parameters on the shear defined as the vertical gradient of wind speed and the turbulence intensity at the wind turbine hub height. The influence is studied according to the forest description (density, height, shape of trees) and according to modelling parameters (Turbulent length scales, Dissipation parameter). Evaluation of the error ranges on wind shear and turbulence intensity is made according to the location of the wind turbines regarding the forest....
An original approach consisting on the combination of two wake patterns – a single wake model with a neutral boundary layer modification - is investigated in order to model large wind farm wake effect. Sensitivity studies of boundary layer parameters are carried out to optimize the velocity and power corrections whatever the type of wind farms and the wind directions. Two single wake models (Park and Fast EVM) were combined to a refined boundary layer model and validated against measurements and four standard wake models. This very promising model combination allows us to take into account the slowdown in large wind farms
This paper presents an analysis of CFD modelling, using a k-L turbulence model designed for forested areas. Meteodyn and Iberdrola Renovables have undertaken a systematic analysis of measurements data obtained in numerous sites, compared with Computation Fluid Dynamic approach. The analysis has consisted in highlighting the influence of several parameters on the shear defined as the vertical gradient of wind speed and the turbulence intensity at the wind turbine hub height. The influence is studied according to the forest description (density, height, shape of trees) and according to modelling parameters (Turbulent length scales, Dissipation parameter). Evaluation of the error ranges on wind shear and turbulence intensity is made according to the location of the wind turbines regarding the forest. www.meteodyn.com
This paper presents a systematic analysis of wind measurements over several forested areas, in order to evaluate the uncertainties and to define new parameters to take into account the variety of forest configurations, including thermal effects. As a result, a new model for k-L RANS CFD models has been proposed, tested and validated. The main discrepancies are found in the near wake where CFD underestimates the shear effect of the forest.
One-day ahead Power Forecasting is more and more required on the energy markets, and its accuracy is more and more crucial since it affects the net income of operators. 1. Weather Numerical Prediction, including a meso scale downscaling, provides a global prediction. A RANS CFD-tools is used for the micro-scale downscaling, providing a precise wind forecast at each wing generator hub. 2. To improve the reliability of this forecast, especially in the short term range, the use of "fresh" SCADA data is performed. Attention is focused on the Active Power, but other signals such as temperature and local wind characteristics can be taken into account. 3. In order to erase systematic errors and bias from the downscaled NWP based forecast (1.), as well as to mix it with the persistent model (2.), an Artificial Neural Network is trained using long term history. This paper explains first the method used and the choices made, especially concerning the Machine Learning parameters. A second part presents some results on some real cases, with different time horizons.
HYPERWIND Project: global and systemic monitoring of offshore renewable power...Jean-Claude Meteodyn
HyperWind is a project to develop a comprehensive
monitoring system for Offshore and On Shore wind
turbines. Meteodyn is working to develop a methodology for modeling system behavior. http://meteodyn.com
New features presentation: meteodyn WT 4.8 software - Wind EnergyJean-Claude Meteodyn
New feature of meteodyn WT, CFD software for wind resource assessment and wind park optimisation. Worldwide terrain database, convergence improvements and others improvements.
Correction tool for Lidar in complex terrains based on Meteodyn WT outputsJean-Claude Meteodyn
The use of Lidars in complex terrain allows wind farm developers to assess the wind climate at multiple locations in an easier and cheaper way than by employing multiple masts with anemometers. Unfortunately Lidars give some discrepancies with the reference measurements (cup or sonic anemometers) especially in complex terrain where spatial variations of mean velocity exist along the Lidar measurement circumference. Therefore a tool is required to enable the correction of the Lidar in complex terrain to represent an anemometer at the Lidar location at the measured levels of the Lidar. Computations can be useful in order to correct the data as they are able to predict the flow on sharp and complex relief. As shown in a recent study presented in the 2009 NZWEA Conference, linear models are recommended for use only on simple terrain. Hence, the correction tools should be based on the full CFD software outputs, here with METEODYN WT outputs, namely the three components of the average velocity and wind direction. Comparisons are presented with two reference cases : simple and complex terrain.
CFD down-scaling and online measurements for short-term wind power forecastingJean-Claude Meteodyn
Usually speaking, Forecast systems are classified : Intraday (Very Short term) is commonly Stochastic with online measurements while Extraday (Short term) is usually Deterministic based on NWP data. This work aims to breakdown these classifications, proposing a unique tool based on the unification of all these techniques.
Wind resource assessment on a complex terrain: Andhra Lake project - IndiaJean-Claude Meteodyn
This paper presents an evaluation of the CFD software’s performance based on cross-comparisons between met masts results. It gives an approach on uncertainty values in non standard conditions: very sharp reliefs, very large domain and large distances between the masts.
In fact, the Andhra Lake wind farm is located on a very sharp terrain, where 117 out of 142 turbines fail to conform to the “complex” terrain characterization according to the 61400-1 Ed3 standard. The reference meteorological data come from a long measurement campaign with five met masts with a maximal height of 50 m/57 m. A complete assessment study including the estimation of the Long Term Annual Energy Output (LTAEO), load conditions and turbine suitability has been performed by means of the CFD software meteodyn WT.
Short-term forecasting is usually classified into two groups: the first approach uses physical model in order to compute the downscaling, whereas the second group relies on statistical learning. We propose a new strategy based on both approaches: a micro-scale CFD model coupled with an artificial neural network correction. Selection of the optimal neural network is achieved through a genetic algorithm. This solution is tested on a real case, which leads to a relative RMSE improvement of 17%.
Wind flow simulations on forested zone have been performed with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software meteodyn WT, which allows introducing a custom forest canopy model. The influence of parameter changes on results is investigated. The calibration of model parameters is done by minimizing the error between the CFD results and the vertical wind profiles given by the European standard Eurocode 1 (EC1), applied to standard terrains for high roughness cases. The calibrated model shows good coherence with EC1. To check the validity of the forest modeling in the real case, CFD simulation has been performed on a site with heterogeneous forest covering. The computed wind characteristics are then compared to met mast measurement. The comparison shows good agreement on wind shear and turbulence intensity between the simulation results and the measured data.
Correction tool for Lidar in complex terrain based on CFD outputsJean-Claude Meteodyn
Remote sensing systems are more and more used during campaigns of measurements for wind resource assessments as they can be moved easily from one location to another and because they can measure at high height compared to cup anemometers on masts.
Lidars like the WINDCUBE by Leosphere or the ZEPHIR by Natural Power have a proven accuracy on flat terrains, while in complex terrain, the loss of flow homogeneity can create a sensor bias during the transformation of measured radial wind speed to horizontal wind speed (in some cases up to 10%).Therefore, a tool is needed to enable the correction of Lidar data in complex terrain.
It has been shown that CFD’s (computational fluid dynamics) models are recommended instead of linear models in complex terrain in order to get accurate characteristics of the wind flow. Thus, using the Meteodyn WT CFD results such as wind speed up factor and inflow angle, a method to correct two kinds of Lidars data is presented and validated. These data are then directly used for wind resource assessment. The studies on semi-complex terrain underline the quality of the correction which allows the user to obtain climatological files with a small uncertainty which reduces the uncertainties in the assessment of the annual energy production.
New features in the version 4.5 of the CFD meteodyn WT dedicated to wind reso...Jean-Claude Meteodyn
This documents presents the new features available in the CFD meteodyn WT in version 4.5. Improvements in terms of performance and available input datafiles are presented as well as new tool like overlapping or smoothing algorithm.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
1. HIGH RESOLUTION WIND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT METHOD
BASED ON COUPLING MESO-SCALE MODELING WITH CFD
TECHNOLOGY
YIN Jianguang, FU Bin
GUO DIAN UNITED POWER TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD METEODYN
yinjianguang@gdupc.cn fu.bin@meteodyn.com
Abstract
At present, with the development of wind power project in China, there are more and
more projects located at the complex terrain and complex environment. At the same time,
since the large planned area of project, the complex mountain area, and limited number of met
mast, even without met mast, in order to the reliable development of the wind power project,
it is important that how to do the wind resource assessment without actual measurement wind
data and other conditions such as less reliable wind data, and the met mast
was not considered representative. This paper will use the atmospheric model to do mesoscale
simulation calculation of wind resources, and then combine with CFD technology to
downscaling computation to get high resolution wind power assessment result. Finally, in
order to confirm the validity of this application in the actual project, the comparison between
calculation values and measurement values is carried out. The verification result through the
actual data of different met mast shows that the wind resource assessment method which
combines the CFD and mesoscale technology is reliable. The main contribution of the article
is to provide the reference model and approach for regional planning and large scale wind
resource assessment when there isn’t enough adequate and effective wind data.
Keywords: wind resource assessment, CFD, mesoscale model
2. 1. The mesoscale technology based on atmospheric model
Since the 80s of last century, the mesoscale simulation technology based on the
atmospheric numerical model has been developing for a long time. From the last century in
the 90's, some mesoscale simulation systems have been very advanced and be used all over
the world. With the progress of computer science, the mesoscale simulation platform based on
the atmospheric model has entered the stage of practical operation. At present, there are some
main systems such as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF),
the American NCEP model, Japan Meteorological Agency model, and so on.
Major EU countries constituted the ECMWF model in 1976, established the
global medium range numerical weather prediction system and formally put into operation
from 1979. Until now, the ECMWF can provide the result of global simulation calculation
with very high-resolution. Data assimilation adopted the most popular the four-dimensional
variational technology currently to form model analysis and the initial conditions.
In the early 1980s American establishes the global regional assimilation and prediction
system, and In the 1990s NCEP realized three-dimensional variational assimilation. As a
consequence, a large number of satellite data can be used in numerical weather prediction so
that improve the quality of the analysis and prediction.
The Japan Meteorological Agency has two models, global spectral model and the Far
East regional spectral model. The global spectral model is equivalent to 60km as the
horizontal resolution and 40 layers on the vertical dimension.
The macro wind resource assessment based on mesoscale technology has been widely
used to the planning in the earlier stage of wind power projects, especially in the area that
lack of wind measurement data, or difficult to measure the wind speed and direction such as
open-sea area. Through mesoscale simulation technology, we can get regional meteorology
elements information quickly, not only can get the wind resource information, but also can
obtain the information of precipitation, temperature, humidity and snowfall in one region.
These meteorology elements information are particularly important during the wind power
project construction, the environmental assessment and post-operational phase.
2. Apply the mesoscale and CFD technologies to do downscaling
simulation calculation and analysis
Generally the resolution of the mesoscale simulation isn’t fine, set at “km” level. For
instance, the distribution trends of wind resources are enough for macro perspectives such as
the whole national and provincial region. However, for the micro-planning of wind power
projects, the locations of projects are always in complex mountainous regions, this requires
higher resolution mapping of the wind resource to meet the requirements of developers and
wind resources engineer. For such reason, the CFD technology will be used as the
downscaling method for mesoscale simulation, which combines the two models. The purpose
of downscaling process includes to get higher resolution mapping of wind resource in the
absence of wind measurement data, to do the preparation work in an effective and efficient
way, to supplement and reference to the existing data, to compensate or correlatively analyze
3. for the lack of data. The downscaling simulation process of the different models is shown in
the figure1.
Figure 1. From the global model-Mesoscale simulation-CFD micro-modeling
3. Case Study
This paper studies a practical project located in a mountainous area of Yunnan province
in China. In the planning area of the project, the highest altitude is 3274 meters, the lowest
altitude is 1422 meters, and it has a falling head of 1852 meters and belongs to a typical
complex mountain project. The area is very large, but the number of met mast is limited.
There will be subsequent projects to be developed but existing wind masts are far away from
the subsequent projects. Through the actual project case, the difference between the actual
measurement values and downscaling simulation values can be investigated further. It will
guide the similar actual projects development in the future: make up the wind measurement
data, to analysis the representative of the wind measurement data, to encrypt the wind data
which cooperate with existing wind masts, to install the met mast at more representative
position, etc.
The four met masts of the case project are 7101, 7103, 7105, 7106 along the ridge from
south to north. The height is 70 meters for each met mast, the period of wind measurement is
from July 20, 2009 to June 12, 2010. Due to communication problems, the data is missing
from September 30 to October 6 in 2009 and from March 25 to April 13 in 2010 during the
measuring period. The rest of days have integral and high quality measurement data. And
these data are suitable for comparative analysis with the values calculated by downscaling
simulation.
4. Figure 2. Illustrates the position of Wind masts in Google earth
The Distance between the four wind-masts is shown in the table below:
(The units are in meters)
M7101 M7103 M7105 M7106
M7101 0
M7103 5650m 0
M7105 9700m 4080m 0
M7106 11620m 5970m 1960m 0
Table1. The distance between the four wind-masts
4. Modeling description
In this paper, the mesoscale simulation is based on WRF-ARW core. At first, the
re-analysis data will be inputted to the simulation system as boundary conditions in the
mesoscale simulation. And then the project area and calculation resolution need to be
specified. In this study the mesoscale simulation resolution is 3 kilometers, the whole
mesoscale simulation area is 300km*150km and generates the hourly time serial data for the
same period with met masts (2009.7.20-2010.6.12). The hourly time serial meso wind data is
extracted based on the location of each met mast. And then the extracted meso data is loaded
into Meteodyn WT to make the downscaling computation.
The parameters of CFD modeling in Meteodyn WT: the computation radius of project is
9900 meters, the length and width of meso cells defined in WT are 3000 meters during the
downscaling simulation calculation because of the meos data resolution is 3 kilometers. The
speed-up factors within the scope of meso cells can be uniformly processed to build
a relationship with the entire 70m height interesting zone and interesting points. And then the
50m resolution wind map is computed by WT through downscaling simulation. In the CFD
simulate process, the minimum horizontal resolution of mesh is 50 meters, the minimum
5. vertical resolution of mesh is 6 meters, the horizontal expansion coefficient is 1.1, the vertical
expansion coefficient is 1.2, the verticality parameter keeps the default value 0.7, the
parameter of smoothing data on whole domain also keeps the default value 1. The orography
file used in Meteodyn WT is from ASTER database data, and the roughness file is from
roughness database-UCL. In the whole domain, the max roughness value is 0.6.
In the following figures, the red rectangles represent the four defined meso cells and the
orography and roughness information of entrie project.
Figure 3. The four different meso cells defined in WT
There are sixteen sectors to simulate wind flow fields in the step of the directional
computation. According to the actual measurement wind data and analysis, the
prevailing wind direction is concentrated here, southwesterly winds. Therefore we added 250
degree directional computation in the sector of the prevailing wind direction in order to get
more accurate results in this sector. In each directional sector the number of grid is around 6
million.
6. Figure 4. Directional computation result- speed up factor in whole domain in 247 degree
Figure 5. Directional computation result- speed up factor in 247 degree
The period of meso data is same with the measurement wind data, the
following table provides the comparative analysis between the actual measurement values and
the downscaling simulation calculation values.
Met Mast
-7101
Met Mast
-7103
Met Mast
-7105
Met Mast
-7106
The measured wind speed value 10.04m/s 8.87m/s 9.52m/s 9.75m/s
The downscaling simulation value 10.01m/s 8.42m/s 9.59m/s 9.25m/s
The percentage error of wind speed % -0.3% -5.07% 0.73% -5.13%
Table 2. The error comparison between the result of downscaling simulation
and the actual measurement
Figure 6. The wind-rose of the actual measurement
(From left to right: 7101, 7103, 7105, 7106)
7. Figure 7. The wind-rose diagrams of the result of downscaling simulation
(From left to right: 7101, 7103, 7105, 7106)
The simulated results and the actual measurement have the same
prevailing wind direction. It can meet the requirements of the wind resource preliminary
assessment for large region. The maximum error of the simulated wind speed is 5.23%
in the whole computational domain, and the minimum error is just -0.3%.
Meanwhile, in Meteodyn WT we do multi meso cells downscaling synthesis computation
to generate wind resource mapping of the project. The following figures display the
comparison between wind resource mappings of multi-met mast synthesis computation and
multi-mesocells synthesessis computation. It shows that the entire trend is consistent and is a
meaningful reference method in practical projects.
Figure 8. The left wind resource mapping based on multi-mast synthesis computation, and the
right one based on multi-mesoscale cells downscaling synthesis computation
5. Conclusion
According to the simulation results for the practical project, it shows that the
downscaling method which combines the high-resolution meso data and CFD technology is
suitable under the condition of complex topography and allows getting more accurate wind
power assessment over large area. It also provides references and the useful guide for met
mast location selection, data compensation, increasing the representative of wind data.
In addition, it is helpful for the project investment and return analysis, and to ensure the
8. reliability of the project development.
In the future, the study will apply the finer resolution mesoscale data and re-compare
with the actual measurement in order to find the suitable mesoscale resolution in the complex
terrain and increase operational efficiency of the whole simulation
computation for future work. During downscaling simulation the different
atmospheric thermal stabilities will be considered in the future study.
References
1. Meteodyn WT user manual 4.6 version
2. Barker D., Huang W., Guo Y. R., Bourgeois A., Xiao Q. A three-dimensional variational data
assimilation system for MM5: Implementation and initial results[J]. Monthly Weather Review,
2004 (4): 897-914.
3. Dudhia J. A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State-NCAR mesoscale model: Validation tests
and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 1993 (5):
1493-1513.
4. Black T. L. The new NMC mesoscale Eta model: Description and forecast examples[J]. Weather
and Forecasting, 1994 (2): 265-278.
5. Tremback C. J. Numerical simulation of a mesoscale convective complex: Model development and
numerical results[J], 1990.
6. Seaman N. L., Stauffer D. R., Lario-Gibbs A. M. A multiscale four-dimensional data assimilation
system applied in the San Joaquin Valley during SARMAP. I: Modeling design and basic
performance characteristics[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1995 (8): 1739-1761.
7. Powers J. G., Monaghan A. J., Cayette A. M., Bromwich D. H., Kuo Y. H., Manning K. W.
Real-time mesoscale modeling over Antarctica[J]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 2003: 1533-1545.
8. Skamarock W. C., Klemp J. B., Dudhia J., Gill D. O., Barker D. M., Wang W., Powers J. G. A
description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 2[R]. DTIC Document, 2005.
9. Frederic Tremblay, Jean Marie Heurtebize. Coupling a CFD solver with a high resolution
mesoscale simulation. GENIVAR.
10. Didier Delaunay, Sebastien Louineau, Emmanuel Buisson, Tristan Clarenc. A new wind atlas for
the region “Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur”. European wind energy conference and exhibition 2009.
11. Rong ZHU, Yanying FANG, Peng WANG, Xiaofeng HE.Study on Numerical Simulation of Wind
Energy Resources on Complex Terrain Based on the Combined System of Mesoscale Model and
CFD Software. 11th
World Wind Energy Conference and Renewable Energy Exhibition.
12. Wu D., Matsui T., Tao W., Peters-Lidard C., Rienecker M., Hou A. Evaluation of Wrf Real-Time
Forecast during MC3E Period: Sensitivity of Model Configuration for Diurnal Precipitation
Variation[C], 2011: 0129.
13. Doyle J. D., Jiang Q., Chao Y., Farrara J. High-resolution real-time modeling of the marine
atmospheric boundary layer in support of the AOSN-II field campaign[J]. Deep Sea Research Part
II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2009 (3-5): 87-99.
14. Hahmann A. N., Pena A. Validation of boundary-layer winds from WRF mesoscale forecasts over
Denmark[C], 2010.