The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
In this paper, a new technique has been proposed to solve the trade off common problem in hill climbing search algorithm (HCS) to reach maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The main aim of the new technique is to increase the power efficiency for the wind energy conversion system (WECS). The proposed technique has been combined the three-mode algorithm to be simpler. The novel algorithm is increasing the ability to reach the MPPT without delay. The novel algorithm shows fast tracking capability and enhanced stability under change wind speed conditions.
Suitable Wind Turbine Selection using Evaluation of Wind Energy Potential in ...IJCI JOURNAL
Nowadays, low environmental impact of wind energy is attractive. This paper aims to investigate the wind-power production potential of sites in North of Iran. Analysis of the wind speed of one city in the province of MAZANDARAN which is located in north of Iran is performed in this paper. The class of this site is a class one wind power site and the annual average wind speed is 3.58 m/s. The power density of this site is 99 W/m2 at 50 m height. Wind speed data measured over a five-year period at a typical site on the north coast of Iran are presented. The annual wind speeds at different heights have been studied to make optimum selection of wind turbine installation among three commercial turbines
Algeria engages with determination on the path renewable energies to bring global and long-lasting
solutions to the environmental challenges and to the problems of conservation of the energy resources of
fossil origin. Our study is interested on the wind spinneret which seems one of the most promising with a
very high global growth rate. The object of this article is to estimate the wind deposit of the region of Oran
(Es Senia), important stage in any planning and realization of wind plant. In our work, we began with the
processing of schedules data relative to the wind collected over a period of more than 50 years, to evaluate
the wind potential while determining its frequencies. Then, we calculated the total electrical energy
produced at various heights with three types of wind turbines.The analysis of the results shows that the
wind turbines of major powers allow producing important quantities of energy when we increase the height
of their hubs to take advantage of stronger speeds of wind.
When designing a power generation project from a different source, and in our case study, wind, when calculating the annual energy produced, it is necessary to define and calculate the losses incurred in the system. The main cause of losses in a wind park is due to the oscillations caused by the turbulence of the air around the turbine because of roughness of terrain. The paper describes two methods of estimating turbulence intensity: one based on the mean and standard deviation (SD) of wind speed from the nacelle anemometer, the other from mean power output and its SD. These analyses are very important for understanding the fatigue and mechanical stress on the wind turbines. Then significance of the site ruggedness index (RIX) and the associated performance indicator (ΔRIX) are confirmed for terrain and the consequences of applying WAsP outside its operating envelope are quantified.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Theoretical investigations on standing wave thermoacoustic prime mover using ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
In this paper, a new technique has been proposed to solve the trade off common problem in hill climbing search algorithm (HCS) to reach maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The main aim of the new technique is to increase the power efficiency for the wind energy conversion system (WECS). The proposed technique has been combined the three-mode algorithm to be simpler. The novel algorithm is increasing the ability to reach the MPPT without delay. The novel algorithm shows fast tracking capability and enhanced stability under change wind speed conditions.
Suitable Wind Turbine Selection using Evaluation of Wind Energy Potential in ...IJCI JOURNAL
Nowadays, low environmental impact of wind energy is attractive. This paper aims to investigate the wind-power production potential of sites in North of Iran. Analysis of the wind speed of one city in the province of MAZANDARAN which is located in north of Iran is performed in this paper. The class of this site is a class one wind power site and the annual average wind speed is 3.58 m/s. The power density of this site is 99 W/m2 at 50 m height. Wind speed data measured over a five-year period at a typical site on the north coast of Iran are presented. The annual wind speeds at different heights have been studied to make optimum selection of wind turbine installation among three commercial turbines
Algeria engages with determination on the path renewable energies to bring global and long-lasting
solutions to the environmental challenges and to the problems of conservation of the energy resources of
fossil origin. Our study is interested on the wind spinneret which seems one of the most promising with a
very high global growth rate. The object of this article is to estimate the wind deposit of the region of Oran
(Es Senia), important stage in any planning and realization of wind plant. In our work, we began with the
processing of schedules data relative to the wind collected over a period of more than 50 years, to evaluate
the wind potential while determining its frequencies. Then, we calculated the total electrical energy
produced at various heights with three types of wind turbines.The analysis of the results shows that the
wind turbines of major powers allow producing important quantities of energy when we increase the height
of their hubs to take advantage of stronger speeds of wind.
When designing a power generation project from a different source, and in our case study, wind, when calculating the annual energy produced, it is necessary to define and calculate the losses incurred in the system. The main cause of losses in a wind park is due to the oscillations caused by the turbulence of the air around the turbine because of roughness of terrain. The paper describes two methods of estimating turbulence intensity: one based on the mean and standard deviation (SD) of wind speed from the nacelle anemometer, the other from mean power output and its SD. These analyses are very important for understanding the fatigue and mechanical stress on the wind turbines. Then significance of the site ruggedness index (RIX) and the associated performance indicator (ΔRIX) are confirmed for terrain and the consequences of applying WAsP outside its operating envelope are quantified.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Theoretical investigations on standing wave thermoacoustic prime mover using ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Simulate the dispersion pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter in the vicini...IJERA Editor
Air quality modeling is an essential tool for most air pollution studies. This work deals with the use of the Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) model at a Thermal Power Plant. The study is performed over a period of 5-days. The objective of this study was to simulate the dispersion pattern of SPM in the vicinity of Thermal Power Plants at Neyveli. In order to simulate the dispersion pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter in Neyveli, a short term meteorological monitoring was conducted from 26.05.2008 to 30.05.2008. ISCST3 model was employed to simulate the concentration of Suspended particulate matter felt on the downwind locations of the neighbourhood of the Thermal power stations based on the observed wind data. The most predominant wind directions were from SSE and NW. Hence, the pollutants were transported towards NNW and SSE respectively. It is well evidenced from the pollution roses shown that diurnal variations of the dispersion of SPM in the neighbourhood of Thermal Power Plants. The concentrations of SPM were well below the 8 hour Ambient Air Quality standards.
Evaluation of the Energy Performance of the Amougdoul Wind Farm, Morocco IJECEIAES
This paper is concerned with the assessment of the the performance of the Amougdoul wind farm. We have determined the Weibull parameters; namely the scale parameter, c (m/s) and shape parameter, k. After that, we have estimated energy output by a wind turbine using two techniques: the useful power calculation method and the method based on the modeling of the power curve, which is respectively 134.5 kW and 194.19 KW corresponding to 27% and 39% of the available wind energy, which confirm that the conversion efficiency does not exceed 40%.
Improving the delivered power quality from WECS to the grid based on PMSG con...IJECEIAES
Renewable energy has become one of the most energy resources nowadays, especially, wind energy. It is important to implement more analysis and develop new control algorithms due to the rapid changes in the wind generators size and the power electronics development in wind energy applications. This paper proposes a grid-connected wind energy conversion system (WECS) control scheme using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The model works to improve the delivered power quality and maximize its value. The system contained one controller on the grid side converter (GSC) and two simulation packages used to simulate this model, which were PSIM software package for simulating power circuit and power electronics converters, and MATLAB software package for simulating the controller on Simulink. It employed a meta-heuristic technique to fulfil this target effectively. Mine-blast algorithm (MBA) and harmony search optimization technique (HSO) were applied to the proposed method to get the best controller coefficient to ensure maximum power to the grid and minimize the overshoot and the steady state error for the different control signals. The comparison between the results of the MBA and the HSO showed that the MBA gave better results with the proposed system.
Embedded Applications of MS-PSO-BP on Wind/Storage Power ForecastingTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Higher proportion wind power penetration has great impact on grid operation and dispatching,
intelligent hybrid algorithm is proposed to cope with inaccurate schedule forecast. Firstly, hybrid algorithm
of MS-PSO-BP (Mathematical Statistics, Particle Swarm Optimization, Back Propagation neural network)
is proposed to improve the wind power system prediction accuracy. MS is used to optimize artificial neural
network training sample, PSO-BP (particle swarm combined with back propagation neural network) is
employed on prediction error dynamic revision. From the angle of root mean square error (RMSE), the
mean absolute error (MAE) and convergence rate, analysis and comparison of several intelligent
algorithms (BP, RBP, PSO-BP, MS-BP, MS-RBP, MS-PSO-BP) are done to verify the availability of the
proposed prediction method. Further, due to the physical function of energy storage in improving accuracy
of schedule pre-fabrication, a mathematical statistical method is proposed to determine the optimal
capacity of the storage batteries in power forecasting based on the historical statistical data of wind farm.
Algorithm feasibility is validated by application of experiment simulation and comparative analysis.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Study and Dimensioning of the Tanks Dedicated to a Compressed Air Energy Stor...IJECEIAES
The fundamental idea of storage is to transfer available energy During periods of low demand , using only a fraction of the fuel that would be consumed by the standard production machine (gas turbine, thermal engine, etc.). The main role of energy storage is therefore to introduce an energy degree of freedom to decouple Consumers and the producer by supplying or Delivering the difference between these two powers. In this paper is this paper presents a brief study and dimensioning of compressed air storage tanks to a hybrid system wind-PV. adopts the CAES system as a storage agent. starting with the technical criteria on which the choice of reservoirs is based and the mechanical constraints that must be taken into consideration for dimensioning of the reservoirs
The creation of wakes, with unique turbulence charac- teristics, downstream of turbines significantly increases the complexity of the boundary layer flow within a wind farm. In conventional wind farm design, analytical wake models are generally used to compute the wake-induced power losses, with different wake models yielding significantly different estimates. In this context, the wake behavior, and subsequently the farm power generation, can be expressed as functions of a series of key factors. A quantitative understanding of the relative impact of each of these factors is paramount to the development of more reliable power generation models; such an understanding is however missing in the current state of the art in wind farm design. In this paper, we quantitatively explore how the farm power generation, estimated using four different analytical wake models, is influenced by the following key factors: (i) incoming wind speed, (ii) land configuration, and (iii) ambient turbulence. The sensitivity of the maximum farm output potential to the input factors, when using different wake models, is also analyzed. The extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (eFAST) method is used to perform the sensitivity analysis. The power generation model and the optimization strategy is adopted from the Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization (UWFLO) framework. In the case of an array-like turbine arrangement, both the first-order and the total-order sensitivity analysis indices of the power output with respect to the incoming wind speed were found to reach a value of 99%, irrespective of the choice of wake models. However, in the case of maximum power output, significant variation (around 30%) in the indices was observed across different wake models, especially when the incoming wind speed is close to the rated speed of the turbines.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Wind resources vary significantly in strength from one location to another over a wide geographical region. The major turbine manufacturers offer a family/series of wind tur- bines to suit the market needs of different wind regimes. The current state of the art in wind farm design however does not provide quantitative guidelines regarding what turbine feature combinations are suitable for different wind regimes, when turbines are operating as a group in an optimized layout. This paper provides a unique exploration of the best tradeoffs between the cost and the capacity factor of wind farms (of specified nameplate capacity), provided by the currently available turbines for different wind classes. To this end, the best performing turbines for different wind resource strengths are identified by minimizing the cost of energy through wind farm layout optimization. Exploration of the “cost - capacity factor” tradeoffs are then performed for the wind resource strengths cor- responding to the wind classes defined in the 7-class system. The best tradeoff turbines are determined by searching for the non-dominated set of turbines out of the pool of best performing turbines of different rated powers. The medium priced turbines are observed to provide the most attractive tradeoffs − 15% more capacity factor than the cheapest tradeoff turbines and only 5% less capacity factor than the most expensive tradeoff turbines. It was found that although the “cost - capacity factor” tradeoff curve expectedly shifted towards higher capacity factors with increasing wind class, the trend of the tradeoff curve remained practically similar. Further analysis showed that the “rated power - rotor diameter” com- bination and the “rotor diameter/hub height” ratios are very important considerations in the current selection and further evolution of turbine designs. We found that larger rotor diameters are not preferred for mid-range turbines with rated powers between 1.5 - 2.5 MW, and “rotor diameter/hub height” ratios greater than 1.1 are not preferred by any of the wind classes.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Study Analysis & Application of Bio-Composite Smart Materialtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Exposure to Ionizing Radiation and Radiological Implications: a review of ICR...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Simulate the dispersion pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter in the vicini...IJERA Editor
Air quality modeling is an essential tool for most air pollution studies. This work deals with the use of the Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) model at a Thermal Power Plant. The study is performed over a period of 5-days. The objective of this study was to simulate the dispersion pattern of SPM in the vicinity of Thermal Power Plants at Neyveli. In order to simulate the dispersion pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter in Neyveli, a short term meteorological monitoring was conducted from 26.05.2008 to 30.05.2008. ISCST3 model was employed to simulate the concentration of Suspended particulate matter felt on the downwind locations of the neighbourhood of the Thermal power stations based on the observed wind data. The most predominant wind directions were from SSE and NW. Hence, the pollutants were transported towards NNW and SSE respectively. It is well evidenced from the pollution roses shown that diurnal variations of the dispersion of SPM in the neighbourhood of Thermal Power Plants. The concentrations of SPM were well below the 8 hour Ambient Air Quality standards.
Evaluation of the Energy Performance of the Amougdoul Wind Farm, Morocco IJECEIAES
This paper is concerned with the assessment of the the performance of the Amougdoul wind farm. We have determined the Weibull parameters; namely the scale parameter, c (m/s) and shape parameter, k. After that, we have estimated energy output by a wind turbine using two techniques: the useful power calculation method and the method based on the modeling of the power curve, which is respectively 134.5 kW and 194.19 KW corresponding to 27% and 39% of the available wind energy, which confirm that the conversion efficiency does not exceed 40%.
Improving the delivered power quality from WECS to the grid based on PMSG con...IJECEIAES
Renewable energy has become one of the most energy resources nowadays, especially, wind energy. It is important to implement more analysis and develop new control algorithms due to the rapid changes in the wind generators size and the power electronics development in wind energy applications. This paper proposes a grid-connected wind energy conversion system (WECS) control scheme using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The model works to improve the delivered power quality and maximize its value. The system contained one controller on the grid side converter (GSC) and two simulation packages used to simulate this model, which were PSIM software package for simulating power circuit and power electronics converters, and MATLAB software package for simulating the controller on Simulink. It employed a meta-heuristic technique to fulfil this target effectively. Mine-blast algorithm (MBA) and harmony search optimization technique (HSO) were applied to the proposed method to get the best controller coefficient to ensure maximum power to the grid and minimize the overshoot and the steady state error for the different control signals. The comparison between the results of the MBA and the HSO showed that the MBA gave better results with the proposed system.
Embedded Applications of MS-PSO-BP on Wind/Storage Power ForecastingTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Higher proportion wind power penetration has great impact on grid operation and dispatching,
intelligent hybrid algorithm is proposed to cope with inaccurate schedule forecast. Firstly, hybrid algorithm
of MS-PSO-BP (Mathematical Statistics, Particle Swarm Optimization, Back Propagation neural network)
is proposed to improve the wind power system prediction accuracy. MS is used to optimize artificial neural
network training sample, PSO-BP (particle swarm combined with back propagation neural network) is
employed on prediction error dynamic revision. From the angle of root mean square error (RMSE), the
mean absolute error (MAE) and convergence rate, analysis and comparison of several intelligent
algorithms (BP, RBP, PSO-BP, MS-BP, MS-RBP, MS-PSO-BP) are done to verify the availability of the
proposed prediction method. Further, due to the physical function of energy storage in improving accuracy
of schedule pre-fabrication, a mathematical statistical method is proposed to determine the optimal
capacity of the storage batteries in power forecasting based on the historical statistical data of wind farm.
Algorithm feasibility is validated by application of experiment simulation and comparative analysis.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Study and Dimensioning of the Tanks Dedicated to a Compressed Air Energy Stor...IJECEIAES
The fundamental idea of storage is to transfer available energy During periods of low demand , using only a fraction of the fuel that would be consumed by the standard production machine (gas turbine, thermal engine, etc.). The main role of energy storage is therefore to introduce an energy degree of freedom to decouple Consumers and the producer by supplying or Delivering the difference between these two powers. In this paper is this paper presents a brief study and dimensioning of compressed air storage tanks to a hybrid system wind-PV. adopts the CAES system as a storage agent. starting with the technical criteria on which the choice of reservoirs is based and the mechanical constraints that must be taken into consideration for dimensioning of the reservoirs
The creation of wakes, with unique turbulence charac- teristics, downstream of turbines significantly increases the complexity of the boundary layer flow within a wind farm. In conventional wind farm design, analytical wake models are generally used to compute the wake-induced power losses, with different wake models yielding significantly different estimates. In this context, the wake behavior, and subsequently the farm power generation, can be expressed as functions of a series of key factors. A quantitative understanding of the relative impact of each of these factors is paramount to the development of more reliable power generation models; such an understanding is however missing in the current state of the art in wind farm design. In this paper, we quantitatively explore how the farm power generation, estimated using four different analytical wake models, is influenced by the following key factors: (i) incoming wind speed, (ii) land configuration, and (iii) ambient turbulence. The sensitivity of the maximum farm output potential to the input factors, when using different wake models, is also analyzed. The extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (eFAST) method is used to perform the sensitivity analysis. The power generation model and the optimization strategy is adopted from the Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization (UWFLO) framework. In the case of an array-like turbine arrangement, both the first-order and the total-order sensitivity analysis indices of the power output with respect to the incoming wind speed were found to reach a value of 99%, irrespective of the choice of wake models. However, in the case of maximum power output, significant variation (around 30%) in the indices was observed across different wake models, especially when the incoming wind speed is close to the rated speed of the turbines.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Wind resources vary significantly in strength from one location to another over a wide geographical region. The major turbine manufacturers offer a family/series of wind tur- bines to suit the market needs of different wind regimes. The current state of the art in wind farm design however does not provide quantitative guidelines regarding what turbine feature combinations are suitable for different wind regimes, when turbines are operating as a group in an optimized layout. This paper provides a unique exploration of the best tradeoffs between the cost and the capacity factor of wind farms (of specified nameplate capacity), provided by the currently available turbines for different wind classes. To this end, the best performing turbines for different wind resource strengths are identified by minimizing the cost of energy through wind farm layout optimization. Exploration of the “cost - capacity factor” tradeoffs are then performed for the wind resource strengths cor- responding to the wind classes defined in the 7-class system. The best tradeoff turbines are determined by searching for the non-dominated set of turbines out of the pool of best performing turbines of different rated powers. The medium priced turbines are observed to provide the most attractive tradeoffs − 15% more capacity factor than the cheapest tradeoff turbines and only 5% less capacity factor than the most expensive tradeoff turbines. It was found that although the “cost - capacity factor” tradeoff curve expectedly shifted towards higher capacity factors with increasing wind class, the trend of the tradeoff curve remained practically similar. Further analysis showed that the “rated power - rotor diameter” com- bination and the “rotor diameter/hub height” ratios are very important considerations in the current selection and further evolution of turbine designs. We found that larger rotor diameters are not preferred for mid-range turbines with rated powers between 1.5 - 2.5 MW, and “rotor diameter/hub height” ratios greater than 1.1 are not preferred by any of the wind classes.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Study Analysis & Application of Bio-Composite Smart Materialtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Exposure to Ionizing Radiation and Radiological Implications: a review of ICR...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Constraints on labour productivity-a case studytheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
onstraints on labour productivity-a case studytheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Efficient Use of Rain Water by Altering Channel Systemtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Modeling of LDO-fired Rotary Furnace Parameters using Adaptive Network-based ...theijes
In this paper a novel approach i.e. neuro-fuzzy technique is used for the first time in modeling rotary furnace parameters to predict the melting rate of the molten metal required to produce homogenous castings. The relationship between the process variables (input) viz. flame temperature, preheat air temperature, rotational speed of the furnace, excess air, melting time, and fuel consumption and melting rate (output) is very complex and is agreeable to neuro-fuzzy approach. The neuro-fuzzy model has been created out of training data obtained from the series of experimentation carried out on rotary furnace. The results provided by neuro-fuzzy model compares well with the experimental data. This work has considerable implications in selection and control of process variables in real time and ability to achieve energy and material savings, quality improvement and development of homogeneous properties throughout the casting and is a step towards agile manufacturing.
Contribution of Competence Teacher (Pedagogical, Personality, Professional Co...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Natural Image Based Visual Secret Sharing Schemetheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Energy Proficient and Security Protocol for WSN: A Reviewtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
when a coil is rotated or turned under a magnetic field, there occurs a force...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
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Wind Power Density Analysis for Micro-Scale Wind Turbines
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 3 || Issue || 12 || December - 2014 || Pages || 53-60||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 53
Wind Power Density Analysis for Micro-Scale Wind Turbines
1,
G. Karthick Kumar Reddy , 2*,
S. Venkatramana Reddy , 3,
T. K. Ramkumar ,
4,
B. Sarojamma
1,2,
Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati.
3,
NARL, Department of Space, Govt. of India, Gadanki.
4,
Department of Statistics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati.
*Corresponding author E-mail:drsvreddy123@gmail.com
--------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------------
Wind, solar, and biomass are three emerging renewable sources of energy and replace conventional fuels in
distinct areas. Now-a-days wind energy production increases rapidly due to its significant turbine technologies,
compatible with conventional sources of energy and environment friendly in reducing Carbon emissions. The
present study represents a statistical analysis for time varying wind resources at Gadanki, India for wind energy
assessment. Weibull distribution function is considered and fitted to wind speed data at 50m heights above
ground level for the year 2011 to identify and describe the wind speed variation for power production. The main
purpose of this paper is to present results of an investigation on the wind energy potential at Gadanki, India.
The data from selected stations is analyzed using the two-parameter Weibull distribution function. Annual mean
wind speed of 2.8 m/s, energy of 332.8kWh/m2
, hourly Power 38W could be extracted and 57% hours in the
year are utilized for the production of energy. It is ascertained that this wind energy in these locations is useful
for water pumping; also it can be used for electrical appliances requiring small power. The present study is also
an attempt to study the wind energy profile in Gadanki and to create prospective Wind Atlas.
KEYWORDS: Power Curve, Weibull Distribution function, Wind Power Density, Wind Speed, Wind Turbines.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: 10 December 2014 Date of Accepted: 25 December 2014
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
Wind energy is one of the most alternative renewable energy technologies at present to sustain the
increasing energy demand, whereas the Fossil fuels combustion increases negative effects on the environment.
Wind speed measurement is the important parameter to calculate the wind energy which is harvested by wind
turbines to generate electricity. Kinetic energy of the wind is converted into mechanical power by wind turbines
for daily purpose like grinding grains, pumping water, generation of electricity and related industrial
applications. The amount of wind energy production has rapidly increased due to its significant turbine
technologies, compatible with conventional sources of energy [1] and represents an important component of
environment in reducing Carbon Dioxide emissions [2, 3]. Wind energy conversion systems using micro/small-
turbines face significant challenges due to the complexities associated with the urban and forest terrain and there
is a need to assess the wind energy resource in „rural‟ locations [4, 5]. Wind flow depends on the topographical
and roughness features of the locations and causes wind shear. Appropriate estimations of wind shear show
significant error in estimating the wind speed, which may lead to even greater errors in energy estimation
especially in complex terrains [6]. Wind speed increases with vertical height from ground, Power law is the most
common expression used to extrapolate the wind speed to a desired hub height of the wind turbine [7-9].
Numerically, wind shear „α‟ in power law at a particular height lies in the range 0.05–0.5; most frequently „α‟
value being 0.143 (or 1/7) and depends on terrain of the site [10-18].
Wind resources such as the wind speed and its prevailing direction, turbulence intensity, the shape and
scale parameters, the wind distribution, wind power density and classes, etc are important in evaluation of wind
energy potential at that site [19]. Power in the wind depends upon the wind speed probability density function
and not with the statistical mean. Based on probability density function a number of studies have been conducted
for modeling the wind speed [7]. Some of these density functions include the Weibull, Rayleigh, Gamma,
Lognormal, Exponential, and Gaussian etc [20-22].
2. Wind Power Density Analysis For Micro…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 54
There are many statistical tests for validating the accuracy of the predicted wind speed. Some of the
tests commonly performed are Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Chi-Square Test (χ2
), Coefficient of
Determination (COD), Percentage Error for wind power [1, 12, 23], the maximum likelihood method, least
square techniques and method of moment [24-25]. Two-parameter Weibull distribution gives a better fit for wind
speed data when compared to other families of distribution. The probability of observing various wind speeds
has been compared for both Weibull and Rayleigh‟s distribution [13-15, 26-35]. This Weibull distribution
function is widely used in the wind industry as the preferred approach for modeling of the wind speed for energy
assessment due to its wide range of versatility, flexibility, and usefulness for describing the wind speed variation
[36-38]. This method is useful where only the mean wind speed and standard deviation are available and it gives
better results than graphical method. The shape (k) and scale (c) factors for Weibull distribution are calculated
from the mean and standard deviation of wind [12-17, 29, 33, 39]. Smaller values of k correspond to highly
variable or gust wind, whereas k =2 corresponds to moderate wind and indicates regular, steady wind. The
corresponding cumulative probability function of the Weibull distribution has been taken to consider wind speed
rating parameters to design wind turbines over the site [13-19, 33].
The expected monthly or annual wind power density per unit area of a site based on a Weibull
probability density function has been studied earlier [12-14, 19, 40-41]. The power of the wind at speed „V‟
through a blade sweep area „A‟ with an air density „ρ‟ increases as the cube of its velocity [41-44]. The mean air
density „ρ‟ (1.225 kg/m3
at 15°C) is an important parameter for estimating both the wind power and density,
which depends on altitude, air pressure, and temperature. The most probable wind speed, vmp (m/s), and the wind
speed carrying the maximum energy, vmax (m/s), can be determined using the Weibull parameters k and c [5, 12,
14, 16, 17, 45]. Once the most probable and the maximum wind speeds are known, the wind turbine operating
range can be estimated [46]. The equation for simulating the power output of a wind turbine has been studied by
various authors [12, 16, 39]. The mean energy density (ED) over a period of time T is the product of the mean
power density and the time T [12]. According to the Betz limit, the maximum possible conversion coefficient of
a wind rotor is 59% [47, 48, 9] and is helpful in wind turbine diameter selection based on power curve
performance [49]. The actual power curve may deviate from the nominal one due to site-specific factors [50],
complex wind regimes [51], or changes in component conditions. Using a 0.36kW wind turbine, the average
monthly water produced by a rotodynamic pump assumption [17]. In the present work, it is suggested to install
small/micro wind systems which can bring associated benefits such as increasing security of electricity supply
for non-grid connected machines, some protection against electricity price rises and savings on electricity
transmission and power station losses. Tall building individual houses and offices can use turbines ranging from
0.1 kW to 15 kW in the site.
The primary focus of this paper is to correlate the wind resource above a forest surface and wind
observations made at a nearby site at 50m level from ground for suitability of wind energy generation. Micro
scale turbines in this article are referred to as 100W-15kW and Small-scale turbines are below 50kW-75kW and
Large-scale turbines are higher than 100kW.
II. METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR MONITORING SITE
The wind data between Jan 2011 to Dec 2011 has been collected at 50m weather station at a height of
50m above ground level and temperature, pressure, Wind speed data from Automatic weather station at ground
height (5m) for predicting and comparison with actual data. The time series wind data has been continuously
measured by the wind acquisition systems at the weather station, sampled at every second (1s) and stored as 4-
minute mean wind data for 50m and hourly for ground level heights. NARL (National Atmospheric Research
Laboratory) Gadanki, a tropical rural station is located at 13.5o
N and 79.2o
E in the southern part of India. It is
situated at 370 m above the mean sea level and complex terrain surrounded by forest, hillocks varying from 200–
300 m in the radius of 1 km. Hill‟s altitude also extend to 700 m in the radial distance of 10 km, the site
experiences a nominal wind speed at 50m. Three dimensional terrain heights over Gadanki region in and around
NARL, gives an idea on roughness class and wind flows paths [52]. The annual mean wind speed recorded at
50m height shows the suitability of the wind resources at this site for micro and small scale wind energy systems.
III. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS
The diurnal variations for hourly average data in a month for the year 2011 at Gadanki site are plotted
and are shown in Fig. 1. This comparison of the daily diurnal patterns leads to the identification of the maximum
and required wind speed for the power production.
3. Wind Power Density Analysis For Micro…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 55
Figure 1. Diurnal variation of Wind speed hourly average in a month for 2011.
The maximum wind speeds are observed for the station during the warm period at midday, nominal
wind speed (2 m/s) is extended up to late evening hours and the observations are shown in Fig. 1. From the Fig.
1, in the months of June-September, the nominal wind speeds are observed throughout the day.
Figure 2. Daily mean wind speed for Actual and Predicted data at 50 m height.
The daily mean wind speeds for the actual measurement and predicted wind speed using Weibull
distribution function for 50m level from the ground station in the year 2011 are shown in Fig. 2. Considering the
surface roughness coefficient for every data values, the predicted wind speed data is matching with the actual
measurement with slight deviation and acceptable for wind energy estimation over the site.
Figure 3. Weibull a) Probability density function and b) Cumulative distribution function.
4. Wind Power Density Analysis For Micro…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 56
Wind Power can be extracted from the Weibull distribution function shape and scale parameters
knowing the mean speed and its variance. The probability density function from the Fig. 3(a) shows that the
wind distribution for the site is smaller and the mean for the distribution is about 3.5m/s and the maximum wind
speed spreads up to 8 m/s. The cumulative distribution function from Fig. 3(b) shows that the wake up wind
speed for turbine power production is about 1.5 m/s and the rated wind speed is about 5-7m/s for different
months. The useful information to optimise the design of wind turbines for the site can be estimated from the two
plots in Fig. 3.
Figure 4. Daily mean power density for Predicted and Actual wind data.
The daily average power for actual and predicted wind speeds in 2011 for the Gadanki site at 50m level
from the ground is shown in Fig. 4. The value varies from 15Wh/m2
to 270Wh/m2
in the year and annual mean
value is about 38Wh/m2
. This value is very small for the commercial wind turbines and falls in wind power
class-I. However, this is good for the small scale power home appliances and battery storage devices.
Figure 5. Power curve for different Power rated wind turbines.
The power curve is the key concept for the wind turbine and indicates the efficiency of turbine at
different wind speeds. Various rated turbine power curves are shown in Fig. 5 with their maximum efficiency for
the wind data at Gadanki in the year 2011 at 50m level from ground. The capacity factor is about 55% for 6.5kW
turbine with 2m/s, 6m/s and 14m/s cut-in, rated and cut-off wind speeds respectively. The surface roughness
coefficient for the site is high due to forest terrain, so the wind speeds at 50m height is not desirable for large
turbines.
IV. DISCUSSIONS
Utility of low speed winds is relatively a low-cost method of micro-renewable electricity generation and
reducing carbon dioxide pollution on the site. In addition small or micro wind systems can bring associated
benefits such as increased security of electricity supply for non-grid connected machines, some relief against
electricity price rises and savings on electricity transmission and power station losses. Individual houses and
offices are usually using turbines ranging from 0.1 kW to 15 kW. In order to choose the preferable wind turbine
for energy saving, we need to carry out the analysis for the selected site to install micro or small or large
turbines. The daily diurnal variation pattern gives the knowledge on the preferable wind speed hours for the
power production and diurnal wind speed in the year 2011 for all the months over the region are shown in Fig.1.
This behavior is due to the increased downward turbulent mixing of momentum during the day and combined
effect of roughness and stability changes on momentum transfer in the atmosphere [53]. Therefore, the diurnal
cycle of the surface wind speed probability density function and its physical controls are important for estimating
5. Wind Power Density Analysis For Micro…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 57
wind energy [54, 55]. This daily evolution characteristic is a consequence of the increased solar radiation on the
land surface.
From the Fig. 2, the highest wind speed values are observed in the months of June and July. This means
that these months have highest potential for wind energy generation at this site. The monthly mean value of wind
speed in 2011 is greater than 2.5m/s and maximum to 8.3m/s, which are the wake up and rated wind speeds for
the small scale wind turbines. Power law is the most important and common expression used in the analysis to
estimate the wind speeds at various vertical heights [7, 8, 9]. Surface roughness coefficient is extracted from the
measured wind data over the height of the location and it varies seasonally. The extrapolation is done with the
ground level data to any height based on the power law and roughness coefficient. In Fig. 2, it is shown that the
predicted data is more or less well matching with the actual measured data at 50m level in Gadanki for the year
2011. This implies that the prediction can be prospective to higher heights so that the winds may reach to
maximum values and can be preferable to install large wind turbines.
The shape (k) and scale (c) parameters of Weibull distribution function are calculated to determine the
stability and amount of the wind available to generate energy. Fig. 3a explains the characteristic of wind speed
distribution and stability of the site. Distribution from the Fig. 3a maximizes to 8-9 m/s, which implies that the
site is having lower wind speeds to the prospective measurement height. The most probable wind speed „vmp‟
(m/s) and the wind speed carrying the maximum energy „vmax‟ (m/s) from Weibull parameters k and c [16] are
applied to estimate the wind turbine design parameters (Cut-in, rated and cut-off wind speeds) and also analysed
from the Fig. 3. The plots from Fig. 3b conclude that the cut-in/wake up wind speed for the turbine to be 1.5m/s
and rated wind speed is 5m/s. In practical, these kinds of ratings are available only to micro-scale wind turbines
and the site is not suitable for large scale wind turbines. The power of the wind at speed „V‟ through a blade
sweep area „A‟ increases as the cube of its velocity and is taken as actual wind power for corresponding air
density „ρ‟ which is calculated from temperature and pressure data. Weibull power density is estimated from the
shape and scale parameters. Fig. 4 shows the actual and calculated Weibull power density and agree fairly with
each other, and the Two-parameter Weibull distribution is good fit and acceptable for the site to estimate the
wind energy when compared to other statistical methods [19, 9, 43, 41, 44].
The wind turbine choice is made on the basis of the wind profile of the site. In Fig. 5, some of the rated
wind turbines are simulated for the data in 2011 and efficiency are calculated. Among them 6.5kW with 2m/s,
6m/s and 14m/s rated parameters gives 55% and other rated turbines give 45%, 35% and 25% only (Fig. 5).
Annual mean wind speed of 2.8 m/s, an annual energy of 332.8kWh/m2
, annual hourly 38W could be extracted
and 57% hours in the year are utilized for the production of energy. Small and Micro scale wind turbines are
manufactured, with a mission to make wind energy affordable and accessible to everyone with high yield,
efficient and low noise. The power-generating efficiency of a wind turbine can be significantly raised if the
turbine‟s operation is controlled based on the wind speed direction.
V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
From the diurnal variations of hourly wind speed monthly mean values are evaluated: these values
indicate that the winds are having nominal speed with the maximum peak value in midday (8-9m/s rated speed).
This site is preferably good in energy production whole month in June & July, where the mean wind speed is
4.2m/s which is well suited for micro/small-scale wind turbines. These turbines are suggested for use in house
holds and office electrical/electronic appliances which are placed on tall building and which need less power.
The distinct diurnal variation of the wind speed attains above average conditions during the daylight hours,
whilst dropping below average during the night. The Weibull distribution is well suited for this selected site for
the calculation of parameters relevant to wind power generating systems.
The annual average wind speeds in Gadanki region are nominal, based on data from the 50m height.
The average wind speed is 2.9 m/s and an annual energy of 332.8 kWh/m2
could be extracted. The wake up/cut-
in wind speed is 1.5 m/s and rated wind speed is 5.7m/s; turbines with this rated are needed for wind-electric
generation, but wind powered water pumping applications appear to be a viable option. With this rating, the
turbine design leads to utilize more than 75% hours for production of energy, which is very helpful in micro
systems. The installation of proper turbines and practical initialization of the power generated by them will be
under taken in due course of time.
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VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors are thankful to the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India for providing the
necessary financial assistance under UGC-RFSMS program. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Dr. T.
Narayana Rao, Sci/Engr. 'SF' for providing the 50 meter level Weather Station and Ground level Automatic
Weather station data for the year 2011 available at NARL, Gadanki, Andhra Pradesh, India and Prof. Y.
Prabhakara Reddy (Retd.), Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
for his valuable discussion and suggestions while interpreting the data.
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Authors Biographies:
Mr. G. Karthick Kumar Reddy obtained his M.Sc. in Physics with Electronics as
specialization from Sri Venkateswara University in the year 2009. He is presently doing Ph.D.
in the Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati.
Dr. S. Venkatramana Reddy received Ph.D. degree in Physics in 2001 from Sri
Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. He taught various papers to the
students of M.Sc. Electronics/ M. Tech. Energy Management/ M.Sc. Physics/ 5yr Integrated
M.Sc. Physics from the year 1995. He has been actively involved in designing M.Sc.
Electronics Course in S.V. University. He has published about 60 research papers in
internationally reputed Journals and presented more than 60 papers at National/International
Conferences/Symposia. He got ISRO RESPOND project entitled “Satellite, radar and lidar
8. Wind Power Density Analysis For Micro…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 60
based studies on vertical coupling of atmospheric dynamics and ionospheric electrodynamics” for the period
2012-2015. He attended Ten Training Courses/Workshops/National Schools related to Electronics and Materials
characterization. He organized One day Workshop on Satellite Navigation Systems-Their application to Aviation
and Atmospheric Science. He is Fellow, Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, New Delhi
and Life member (LM) in many Professional Bodies like the Instrument Society of India, Bangalore,
Semiconductor Society (India), New Delhi, Indian Physics Association, BARC, Mumbai, Indian Association of
Physics Teachers, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, Senior Member in International Association of Computer Science and
Information Technology, Member in International Association of Engineers (IAENG). Presently he is Vice-
Chairmen, Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE) Tirupati Centre. At present 14
students are working for Ph.D. and M.Phil under his guidance. At present he is An Assistant Professor and Co-
ordinator for 5yr Integrated M.Sc. Course in Physics, S.V.U. University, Tirupati.
Dr. T. K. Ramkumar was awarded Ph. D. degree in physics with atmospheric and
ionospheric physics as interdisciplinary subjects on 29 April 2004 in the Manonmaniam
Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India. He has published more than 20 research papers in
internationally reputed Journals and presented more than 40 papers at National/International
Conferences/Symposia. He has attended SERC school on Upper atmosphere held at the
Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad, and winter schools on MST radar held
at Tirupati, India. He was awarded Young Scientist Award for Four times for presentation
of the research papers in conferences. He is a member of the American Geophysical Union
(AGU), Washington, Regular member of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI), Belgium and
Regular member of the International Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), France. Now he is working as
Scientist/Engineer-SE, National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), Dept. of Space, Govt. of India,
Gadanki, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Dr. B. Sarojamma received Ph.D. degree in Statistics in 2006 from Sri Venkateswara
University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. She taught the subjects Time series and
Forecasting, Operations Research, Operations Research for Management, Advanced
Operations Research, Distribution Theory, Sampling techniques and Biostatistics, etc. to the
students of M.Sc. Statistics, Applied Statistics, and M.Sc. Bio-technology and Bio-
Informatics. She has given several Invited lectures in National/International
workshops/conferences. She has published more than 30 research papers in internationally
reputed Journals and presented more than 30 papers at National/International Conferences/Symposia. She is Life
member (LM) in many Professional Bodies like Indian Society for Probability and Statistics (ISPS), Andhra
Pradesh Society for Mathematical Sciences, Hyderabad, International Indian Statistics Association (IISA),
Cochin, Indian Mathematical Society (IMS), Aurangabad and Indian Statistical Association (ISA), Pune. At
present she is working as An Assistant Professor in the Department of Statistics, S.V. University, Tirupati.