Expansion Strategy through Internationalization
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How companies decide to go global for expansion of business.. Different Global business strategies and modes of operation
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CHAPTER 7
International Strategy: Creating Value in Global Markets
Copyright Anatoli Styf/Shutterstock
1
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should have a good understanding of:
7-1 The importance of international expansion as a viable diversification strategy.
7-2 The sources of national advantage; that is, why an industry in a given country is more (or less) successful than the same industry in another country.
7-3 The motivations (or benefits) and the risks associated with international expansion, including the emerging trend for greater offshoring and outsourcing activity.
7-4 The two opposing forces – cost reduction and adaptation to local markets – that firms face when entering international markets.
7-5 The advantages and disadvantages associated with each of the four basic strategies: international, global, multidomestic, and transnational.
7-6 The difference between regional companies and truly global companies.
7-7 The four basic types of entry strategies and the relative benefits and risks associated with each of them.
©McGraw-Hill Education.
2
International Strategy
(1 of 2)
Consider . . .
The global marketplace provides many opportunities for firms to increase their revenue base and their profitability.
However, managers face many opportunities and risks when they diversify abroad.
What should a firm do in order to create value and attain a competitive advantage in this global marketplace?
©McGraw-Hill Education.
The trade among nations has increased dramatically in recent years and it is estimated that by 2025, 45 percent of the Fortune Global 500 will be based in emerging economies, which are now producing world-class companies with huge domestic markets and a commitment to invest in innovation. This makes international expansion a viable diversification strategy. In a variety of industries such as semiconductors, automobiles, commercial aircraft, telecommunications, computers, and consumer electronics, it is almost impossible to survive unless firms scan the world for competitors, customers, human resources, suppliers, and technology. Firms need to know how to be successful and create value when diversifying into global markets. Some of the questions that need to be answered include: What explains the level of success of a given industry in a given country? What are some of the major motivations and risks associated with international expansion? How can firms handle the opposing forces of cost reduction an ...
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This document discusses key concepts in international marketing. It begins by outlining learning objectives and definitions. It then discusses the scope of international marketing tasks and cultural obstacles like self-reference criterion and ethnocentrism. The document outlines stages of international marketing involvement from infrequent to global marketing. It also differentiates orientations like viewing international markets as ancillary versus a global orientation.
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Grand strategies are long term plans that guide organizations towards achieving their strategic objectives. They involve decisions about stability, growth, retrenchment, or combinations of these. Stability strategies maintain the status quo, while growth strategies aim to increase profits and market share through expansion or diversification. Retrenchment strategies involve contraction through divestment, turnaround, or liquidation. Combination strategies use different approaches for different business units. Grand strategies are selected based on internal and external analyses and aim to provide long term direction.
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Similar to Expansion Strategy through Internationalization
Preliminary Business Plan Report Rubrics 1. Completi
Preliminary Business Plan Report Rubrics
1. Completing the table below: 10 points
Product Concept
Company Name
Company Home
Location
New International
Location
Similar Products in
market
Industry(ies):
2. Carry out SWOT analysis. 20 points
3. Subsequently, develop strategies on how to move internationally (i.e.
exporting, strategic alliance, subsidiary etc.). 30 points
4. Carry out QSPM. 30 points
5. Writing style and format. 10 points
CHAPTER 7
International Strategy: Creating Value in Global Markets
Copyright Anatoli Styf/Shutterstock
1
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should have a good understanding of:
7-1 The importance of international expansion as a viable diversification strategy.
7-2 The sources of national advantage; that is, why an industry in a given country is more (or less) successful than the same industry in another country.
7-3 The motivations (or benefits) and the risks associated with international expansion, including the emerging trend for greater offshoring and outsourcing activity.
7-4 The two opposing forces – cost reduction and adaptation to local markets – that firms face when entering international markets.
7-5 The advantages and disadvantages associated with each of the four basic strategies: international, global, multidomestic, and transnational.
7-6 The difference between regional companies and truly global companies.
7-7 The four basic types of entry strategies and the relative benefits and risks associated with each of them.
©McGraw-Hill Education.
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Consider . . .
The global marketplace provides many opportunities for firms to increase their revenue base and their profitability.
However, managers face many opportunities and risks when they diversify abroad.
What should a firm do in order to create value and attain a competitive advantage in this global marketplace?
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The trade among nations has increased dramatically in recent years and it is estimated that by 2025, 45 percent of the Fortune Global 500 will be based in emerging economies, which are now producing world-class companies with huge domestic markets and a commitment to invest in innovation. This makes international expansion a viable diversification strategy. In a variety of industries such as semiconductors, automobiles, commercial aircraft, telecommunications, computers, and consumer electronics, it is almost impossible to survive unless firms scan the world for competitors, customers, human resources, suppliers, and technology. Firms need to know how to be successful and create value when diversifying into global markets. Some of the questions that need to be answered include: What explains the level of success of a given industry in a given country? What are some of the major motivations and risks associated with international expansion? How can firms handle the opposing forces of cost reduction an ...
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The document discusses various strategies for entering foreign markets, including exporting, licensing, franchising, joint ventures, wholly owned subsidiaries, and foreign direct investment. It also covers topics related to international marketing such as product adaptation, export pricing, terms of payment, financing export activities, and managing foreign exchange risk.
Wal-Mart International Marketing Plan Sample
With increasing globalization and related advantages, most of the present firms are trying to go international. This is all due to maximizing the potential benefits available in different countries. With this, firms are trying to increase their presence throughout the world. Today, different countries have different advantages as some country is good in some specific industries, whereas some in others. Therefore, firms operating in an industry look for other nations doing well in the similar industries and have huge potential so that, they could take advantage of it.
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The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 7 on international strategy, including:
1) The importance of international expansion as a diversification strategy and understanding sources of national advantage.
2) The motivations and risks associated with international expansion, including increasing market scope and reducing costs.
3) The two opposing forces of cost reduction and adaptation to local markets that firms face internationally.
4) The advantages and limitations of global, multidomestic, and transnational strategies, and the four basic entry strategies of exporting, licensing, strategic alliances, and wholly owned subsidiaries.
IB PPT.pptx
The document outlines the syllabus for an International Business course, covering topics such as the meaning and nature of international business, drivers of internationalization, theories of international trade, international institutions, and foreign market entry strategies. Major players in international business discussed include multinational corporations, which operate in multiple countries and maintain headquarters in a home country to coordinate global operations. Benefits and challenges of internationalization for both host and home countries are also examined.
Competitive Advantage of Nations
The document discusses Michael Porter's theory of national competitive advantage known as the "Diamond of National Advantage". The theory proposes that four attributes influence competitive advantage: factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy/rivalry. It argues that a nation's competitiveness depends on how these attributes interact and reinforce each other in a system. Specialized factors, sophisticated buyers, related industries, and domestic rivalry are especially important for sustaining competitive advantage over time.
Live case based exercise dole ib
Dole Foods is considering international expansion and must make several strategic decisions. It must determine which foreign markets to enter, when to enter them, how much resources to commit initially, and how to enter through options like exporting, licensing, joint ventures, or wholly owned subsidiaries. Key factors in these decisions include advantages and risks of early vs late entry, pressures for low costs vs local responsiveness, and whether to make or buy component parts through strategic alliances.
Live case based exercise dole ib
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Lecture8
This document discusses screening potential international markets and selecting entry modes. It describes a four step process for screening markets: 1) identify basic appeal, 2) access the national business environment, 3) measure market or site potential, and 4) select the market or site. Factors to consider when measuring potential in industrialized versus emerging markets are provided. The document also outlines different entry modes including exporting, contractual agreements, and investment options.
Lecture 8 - Analyzing International Opportunities and Selecting Entry Modes
This document discusses screening potential international markets and selecting entry modes. It recommends identifying basic appeal and national business environment factors, then measuring market or site potential. For industrialized markets, factors like competitors and distribution are analyzed. For emerging markets, variables like market size, growth, and infrastructure are considered. The document also discusses difficulties conducting international research and primary/secondary data sources. Finally, it outlines exporting, contractual arrangements like licensing, and investment entry modes like wholly owned subsidiaries and joint ventures.
Introduction to-international-marketing (1)
This document discusses international marketing and various strategies for entering foreign markets. It begins with quotes highlighting the global nature of business today. It then covers topics like the growth in international trade, differences between domestic and international marketing, factors driving firms to go global, objectives of international marketing, and common market entry strategies like exporting, licensing, joint ventures, and direct investment. Key strategies discussed in more depth include exporting, alliances, and different modes of foreign market entry.
Vsfs session 1
This document provides an overview and introduction to international business. It defines international business as transactions between parties from different countries, including sourcing, manufacturing, selling, and developing. It notes that conducting international business presents unique risks, challenges and opportunities. The key objectives of studying international business are to understand the global business environment, select international business modes, analyze different cultures, research global markets, understand how policy shapes business, and comprehend the EU's role in markets.
Learning Activity 1In the readings for this week we learned about .docx
Learning Activity 1
In the readings for this week we learned about the Demand Model that was introduced by Professor Michael Porter. According to the model, the ability of the firms in an industry whose origin is in a particular company to be successful in the international arena is shaped by four factors (1) their home country’s demand conditions, (1) their home country’s factor conditions, (3) related and supporting industries within their home country, and (4) strategy, structure, and rivalry among domestic competitors.
Learning Activity
Respond to the following questions:
(1)
Which of the four elements of the diamond model do you believe has the strongest influence on a firm’s fate when it competes in international markets?
(2)
Provide an example of a company that demonstrates this ability to compete internationally and how this company demonstrates this ability.
(3)
Which of the three types of International Strategies that were discussed in our readings does this company demonstrate? Provide a justification for your strategy choice.
Learning Activity 2
Multinational Organizations
1. International firms or multinational corporations are organizations that conduct business operations across national borders.
2. The strategic-management process is conceptually the same for multinational firms as for purely domestic firms, although the process is more complex for international firms due to more variables and relationships.
3. More time and effort are required to identify and evaluate external trends and events in multinational organizations than in domestic corporations.
4. Multinational corporations face unique and diverse risks, such as expropriation of assets, currency losses through exchange rate fluctuations, unfavorable foreign court interpretations of contracts and agreements, social/political disturbances, import/export restrictions, tariffs, and trade barriers.
5. Before entering international markets, firms should scan relevant journals and patent reports, seek the advice of academic and research organizations, participate in international trade fairs, form partnerships, and conduct extensive research to broaden their contacts and diminish the risk of doing business in new markets.
The Global Challenge
1. Few companies can afford to ignore the presence of international competition. Firms that seem insulated and comfortable today may be vulnerable tomorrow.
a. How to gain and maintain exports to other nations
b. How to defend domestic markets against imported goods.
2. America's economy is becoming much less American, as a world economy and monetary system are emerging. More and more countries around the world are welcoming foreign investment and capital. As a result, labor markets have steadily become more international.
3. Many countries became more protectionist during the recent global economic recession. Protectionism refers to countries imposing tariffs, taxes, and regulations on firms outside the country to favor.
Learning Activity 1In the readings for this week we learned abou.docx
Learning Activity 1
In the readings for this week we learned about the Demand Model that was introduced by Professor Michael Porter. According to the model, the ability of the firms in an industry whose origin is in a particular company to be successful in the international arena is shaped by four factors (1) their home country’s demand conditions, (1) their home country’s factor conditions, (3) related and supporting industries within their home country, and (4) strategy, structure, and rivalry among domestic competitors.
Learning Activity
Respond to the following questions:
(1) Which of the four elements of the diamond model do you believe has the strongest influence on a firm’s fate when it competes in international markets?
(2) Provide an example of a company that demonstrates this ability to compete internationally and how this company demonstrates this ability.
(3) Which of the three types of International Strategies that were discussed in our readings does this company demonstrate? Provide a justification for your strategy choice.
Learning Activity 2
Multinational Organizations
1. International firms or multinational corporations are organizations that conduct business operations across national borders.
2. The strategic-management process is conceptually the same for multinational firms as for purely domestic firms, although the process is more complex for international firms due to more variables and relationships.
3. More time and effort are required to identify and evaluate external trends and events in multinational organizations than in domestic corporations.
4. Multinational corporations face unique and diverse risks, such as expropriation of assets, currency losses through exchange rate fluctuations, unfavorable foreign court interpretations of contracts and agreements, social/political disturbances, import/export restrictions, tariffs, and trade barriers.
5. Before entering international markets, firms should scan relevant journals and patent reports, seek the advice of academic and research organizations, participate in international trade fairs, form partnerships, and conduct extensive research to broaden their contacts and diminish the risk of doing business in new markets.
The Global Challenge
1. Few companies can afford to ignore the presence of international competition. Firms that seem insulated and comfortable today may be vulnerable tomorrow.
a. How to gain and maintain exports to other nations
b. How to defend domestic markets against imported goods.
2. America's economy is becoming much less American, as a world economy and monetary system are emerging. More and more countries around the world are welcoming foreign investment and capital. As a result, labor markets have steadily become more international.
3. Many countries became more protectionist during the recent global economic recession. Protectionism refers to countries imposing tariffs, taxes, and regulations on firms outside the country to favor th ...
Globalisation
The term globalization derives from the word globalize, which refers to the emergence of an international network of economic systems. Globalisation refers to rapid increase in the share of economic activity taking place across national borders. It goes beyond the international trade includes goods and services, delivered &sold & movement of capital.
Globalization or globalisation is the trend of increasing interaction between people or companies on a worldwide scale due to advances in transportation and communication technology, normally beginning with the steamship and the telegraph in the early to mid-1800s. With increased interactions between nation-states and individuals came the growth of international trade, ideas, and culture. Globalization is primarily an economic process of integration that has social and cultural aspects, but conflicts and diplomacy are also large parts of the history of globalization.
Strategic Management Ch09
This document discusses international strategy and provides an overview of key concepts. It covers motives for international diversification, factors influencing international business strategies, and three types of international corporate strategies: multidomestic, global, and transnational. It also examines opportunities and outcomes of international strategies, including higher returns and innovation. Risks of international diversification like political and economic risks are also outlined.
2011.02.cesa ib 02
The document discusses several factors that have contributed to the flattening of the world and increased globalization, according to Thomas Friedman. These include the fall of the Berlin Wall, the rise of the internet and web browsers, and the emergence of workflow software, which created online platforms for increased collaboration globally. Subsequent factors discussed are uploading, outsourcing, offshoring, supply-chaining, insourcing, and informing, which represent new forms of global collaboration enabled by technological advances. The document also discusses implications for international business and theories of internationalization.
Global Emrging Market.pptx
The document discusses strategies for companies operating in emerging markets. It defines "institutional voids" as gaps in markets that create barriers between buyers and sellers. Examples include a lack of market research firms, logistics providers, and recruiting agencies. The document suggests that successful companies develop novel strategies tailored to each emerging market. It also warns that composite indices often fail to distinguish differences between countries. Instead, it proposes frameworks to assess the political, economic, and social contexts of various markets.
The rise of global corporation
Global corporations operate on a global scale by having investments and operations in many countries around the world. They must balance the demands of different national markets while seeking advantages from economies of scale in production. Global corporations face pressures that single-country firms do not, such as tailoring products to local tastes versus standardization. The drivers of globalization include large global consumer markets, cost efficiencies, falling trade barriers, and competitive pressures from other global corporations. Global corporations have evolved through investment-based, trade-based, and now digital phases of globalization. Emerging global corporations from countries like China, India, Brazil, and Russia now play significant roles in various industries worldwide.
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- 2. Advantages & Disadvantage What is Expanding Globally means ? Mode of Operations 2 Major Problems while Going Global How they Choose Country ? Why Companies Go Global ?
- 3. Internationalization The international marketplace offers a world of business opportunities for companies seeking to sell or source products worldwide. Not only can you tap into a world marketplace of 7 billion people, but according to business.gov, companies that do international business grow faster and fail less often than companies that don't. Internationalization is a cluster of International Strategies required / adopted by an organization to market their products/ services beyond the domestic boundaries.
- 4. Why Companies Go Global ? Active Reasons Additional Resources Expanding Market Leveraging Existing Products, Skills Realizing Cost Economies Reactive Reasons International Demand International Competition Trade Barriers Policy Regulations
- 5. How Companies Choose International Markets ? Porter’s DiamondModel National Competitive Advantage
- 6. 4 Blocks of Porter’s Diamond Model Factor Conditions :Describes the situation in a country regarding production factors, like skilled labour, infrastructure, etc., which are relevant for competition in particular industries. Home Demand Conditions: Describes the state of home demand for products and services produced in a country. Related and Supporting Industries: The existence or non- existence of internationally competitive supplying industries and supporting industries. Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry: The conditions in a country that determine how companies are established, organized and managed, as well as the characteristics of domestic competition industries. Government and Chance: Government can influence development when interfering market development; unexpected events are described with the factor Chance.
- 7. 2 Major Problems while Going Global Pressure of COST reduction Pressure of Local Responsiveness International Strategy
- 9. Advantages Disadvantages Realizing Economies of Scale Realizing Economies of Scope Expansion of Markets Access to resources overseas Realizing location economies Higher Risks (PESTEL) Difficulty in monitoring cultural diversity Trade barriers Higher distribution costs
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