This document discusses heart rate and blood pressure as vital signs. It begins by explaining the importance of heart rate as a medical indicator. It then describes the invention of the sphygmomanometer for non-invasive blood pressure measurement. The document outlines how blood pressure is measured and the relationship between blood pressure, heart rate, and the nervous system. An experiment is described where participants' heart rate and blood pressure responses are measured before and during cold water immersion of the foot to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system.
This document describes an experiment that measures heart rate and blood pressure in response to cold stimulus. Baseline heart rate and blood pressure are recorded, then the subject submerges their foot in ice water while continuous measurements are taken. This causes heart rate and blood pressure to increase through activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Maximum and rebound heart rates are analyzed to understand the body's response to stress and its ability to maintain homeostasis. The experiment demonstrates how vital signs change acutely in a "fight or flight" situation and the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating physiological responses.
This document describes an experiment that measures heart rate and blood pressure in response to cold stimulus. Baseline heart rate and blood pressure are recorded, then the subject submerges their foot in ice water while continuous measurements are taken. This causes heart rate and blood pressure to increase through activation of the sympathetic nervous system. After removing the foot, measurements show heart rate and blood pressure returning to normal as homeostasis is restored. The experiment demonstrates the body's physiological response to stressors and its ability to maintain normal function.
This document discusses heart rate and blood pressure as vital signs. It describes how heart rate and blood pressure change in response to stressors like cold exposure, which activates the sympathetic nervous system. The experiment measures baseline heart rate and blood pressure, then heart rate and blood pressure response when a subject submerges their foot in ice water. Results show increases in systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate in response to cold exposure.
This document discusses heart rate and blood pressure as vital signs. It begins by explaining that heart rate has long been recognized as a vital sign that provides clues about medical conditions. It describes how blood pressure is also an important vital sign and how the invention of the sphygmomanometer allowed non-invasive blood pressure measurements. The document then explains the relationship between heart rate, blood pressure, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. It presents an experiment where participants' heart rate and blood pressure responses are measured before and after exposure to a cold water stimulus, intended to activate the sympathetic nervous system. Tables show the participants' baseline and post-stimulus blood pressure and heart rate values.
The document discusses how exercise affects heart rate and blood pressure. It describes an experiment where participants' baseline blood pressure and heart rate are measured, then measured again after exercise. Key findings include:
1. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure both increased with exercise, while diastolic pressure remained the same.
2. Cardiac output increased due to both a higher heart rate and assumed increase in stroke volume.
3. Recovery time provided information about participants' relative fitness levels.
The document discusses how exercise impacts heart rate and blood pressure. It found that exercise caused an increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures as well as heart rate. The subject's resting heart rate was 105 bpm and increased 58% to 180 bpm with exercise. Their recovery time of 65 seconds was longer than another student's 38 seconds, as expected given their higher maximum heart rate of 180 bpm compared to the other student's 91 bpm.
1. The document discusses how exercise affects heart rate, blood pressure, and the cardiovascular system. It describes how the heart rate and strength of contractions increase to elevate cardiac output and blood pressure during exercise.
2. The experiment measures subjects' baseline and post-exercise heart rate, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, and calculates recovery time. There are increases in all blood pressure readings and heart rate after exercise.
3. Cardiac output is calculated from changes in stroke volume and heart rate between rest and exercise. It increases with exercise as the heart pumps more blood per minute to meet skeletal muscle demands.
The document is a lab report on measuring vital signs (temperature, breathing rate, heart rate, and blood pressure). It includes:
1) Background information on how the circulatory and respiratory systems work to transport oxygen and remove waste during rest and activity.
2) Procedures for measuring each vital sign, including expected normal ranges.
3) A table of vital signs data collected from subjects.
4) Analysis of the data, including average and standard deviation calculations for each set. Histograms are used to visualize the distributions.
This document describes an experiment that measures heart rate and blood pressure in response to cold stimulus. Baseline heart rate and blood pressure are recorded, then the subject submerges their foot in ice water while continuous measurements are taken. This causes heart rate and blood pressure to increase through activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Maximum and rebound heart rates are analyzed to understand the body's response to stress and its ability to maintain homeostasis. The experiment demonstrates how vital signs change acutely in a "fight or flight" situation and the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating physiological responses.
This document describes an experiment that measures heart rate and blood pressure in response to cold stimulus. Baseline heart rate and blood pressure are recorded, then the subject submerges their foot in ice water while continuous measurements are taken. This causes heart rate and blood pressure to increase through activation of the sympathetic nervous system. After removing the foot, measurements show heart rate and blood pressure returning to normal as homeostasis is restored. The experiment demonstrates the body's physiological response to stressors and its ability to maintain normal function.
This document discusses heart rate and blood pressure as vital signs. It describes how heart rate and blood pressure change in response to stressors like cold exposure, which activates the sympathetic nervous system. The experiment measures baseline heart rate and blood pressure, then heart rate and blood pressure response when a subject submerges their foot in ice water. Results show increases in systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate in response to cold exposure.
This document discusses heart rate and blood pressure as vital signs. It begins by explaining that heart rate has long been recognized as a vital sign that provides clues about medical conditions. It describes how blood pressure is also an important vital sign and how the invention of the sphygmomanometer allowed non-invasive blood pressure measurements. The document then explains the relationship between heart rate, blood pressure, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. It presents an experiment where participants' heart rate and blood pressure responses are measured before and after exposure to a cold water stimulus, intended to activate the sympathetic nervous system. Tables show the participants' baseline and post-stimulus blood pressure and heart rate values.
The document discusses how exercise affects heart rate and blood pressure. It describes an experiment where participants' baseline blood pressure and heart rate are measured, then measured again after exercise. Key findings include:
1. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure both increased with exercise, while diastolic pressure remained the same.
2. Cardiac output increased due to both a higher heart rate and assumed increase in stroke volume.
3. Recovery time provided information about participants' relative fitness levels.
The document discusses how exercise impacts heart rate and blood pressure. It found that exercise caused an increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures as well as heart rate. The subject's resting heart rate was 105 bpm and increased 58% to 180 bpm with exercise. Their recovery time of 65 seconds was longer than another student's 38 seconds, as expected given their higher maximum heart rate of 180 bpm compared to the other student's 91 bpm.
1. The document discusses how exercise affects heart rate, blood pressure, and the cardiovascular system. It describes how the heart rate and strength of contractions increase to elevate cardiac output and blood pressure during exercise.
2. The experiment measures subjects' baseline and post-exercise heart rate, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, and calculates recovery time. There are increases in all blood pressure readings and heart rate after exercise.
3. Cardiac output is calculated from changes in stroke volume and heart rate between rest and exercise. It increases with exercise as the heart pumps more blood per minute to meet skeletal muscle demands.
The document is a lab report on measuring vital signs (temperature, breathing rate, heart rate, and blood pressure). It includes:
1) Background information on how the circulatory and respiratory systems work to transport oxygen and remove waste during rest and activity.
2) Procedures for measuring each vital sign, including expected normal ranges.
3) A table of vital signs data collected from subjects.
4) Analysis of the data, including average and standard deviation calculations for each set. Histograms are used to visualize the distributions.
Methods of measurement of blood pressure in children.
Steps for accurate measurement and how to plot the measurement on charts and compare it with the normal blood pressure percentile with example.
This document discusses vital signs, which are measurements of temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It defines each vital sign and how it is measured. Normal ranges for adults are provided. Vital signs can be impacted by physical, psychological, disease, infection, trauma, and environmental factors and provide important indications of a patient's well-being and bodily systems.
Fundamental of Nursing 5. : Vital Signs Cont.Parya J. Ahmad
The document discusses vital signs including respiration, blood pressure, and sites for assessing temperature. It describes how to assess respiration by counting breaths per minute and evaluating rhythm and depth. Blood pressure is defined as the force required by the heart to pump blood, with systolic pressure occurring during heartbeats and diastolic pressure between beats. Methods for measuring blood pressure include the auscultatory method using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer as well as the palpatory method. Common sites for assessing temperature include the mouth, axilla, tympanic membrane, rectum, and bladder.
The pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls.
Blood pressure is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure is due to work done by the heart by pumping blood through the circulatory system. Used without further specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the pressure in large arteries of the systemic circulation.
This document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It defines normal ranges and factors that can affect each vital sign. Abnormalities are identified and interventions are outlined. Assessment techniques and sites are reviewed for each vital sign.
Vital signs are key physiological measurements that include body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. They provide basic information about the functioning of major organ systems and can help detect medical issues. Normal ranges vary with age, but body temperature typically ranges from 36-37°C, pulse from 60-100 beats/minute, respiration from 12-20 breaths/minute, and blood pressure from 90/60 mmHg to 140/90 mmHg for adults. Abnormal vital signs can indicate conditions like fever, infection, shock, or hypotension and should be monitored closely.
This document discusses vital signs and pulse. It defines pulse as the expansion and recoil of arteries in response to heart pumping. Normal pulse is 60-100 beats/minute. Pulse is checked to assess heart rate, rhythm, and strength. Factors like age, sex, activity level can affect pulse. Common pulse sites include radial, carotid, apical. Proper technique is used to accurately count pulse for one minute.
Vital signs provide important health information. The most common vital signs measured are temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and respiration. Alterations in vital signs can indicate a need for further intervention. Personal care workers are responsible for accurately recording clients' vital signs according to workplace protocols and reporting any abnormalities to supervisors or medical professionals.
Vital signs include blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, BMI, and body temperature. Blood pressure is measured by the force of blood in the arteries and is written with the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure. Normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg, while hypertension is 140/90 mmHg or higher. Heart rate is the number of heart beats per minute and can be measured at different pulse points. Respiratory rate is the number of breaths per minute and is normally between 12-20 breaths per minute. BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight, and normal BMI is between 18.5-24.9. Body temperature is normally around 98-100°F, with
This document discusses vital signs and provides detailed information about assessing and interpreting blood pressure. It defines blood pressure and its components, describes the equipment used for measurement including sphygmomanometers and stethoscopes, identifies assessment sites on the body, explains Korotkoff sounds heard during measurement, outlines the procedure for taking a reading, and reviews factors that can affect blood pressure values. Abnormal readings and variations like auscultatory gaps are also addressed.
Vital signs
The four main vital signs routinely monitored by medical professionals and health care providers include the following:
Body temperature.
Pulse rate.
Respiration rate (rate of breathing)
Blood pressure
Vital signs provide important information about patients’ clinical condition and inform any required interventions
Inadequate response to deterioration is the most common cause of reported critical incidents
Nurses’ compliance with observation protocols can be poor, particularly at night
Peaks in observation frequency suggests the timing of observation is often driven by ward routines
Electronic vital signs devices and early warning score charts may increase vital signs measurements, but further research is needed
Vital signs are quick measurements that provide important information about a patient's status. The five standard vital signs are: blood pressure, pulse, respiration rate, body temperature, and pain. Blood pressure measures the force of blood flow, pulse measures heart rate, respiration rate measures breathing, temperature measures body heat, and pain is assessed due to its impact on other vital signs. Licensed medical professionals determine the meaning of vital signs, but they can be measured by any healthcare worker.
Vital signs provide important information about a patient's physiological status. They include level of consciousness, pupils, breathing, pulse, skin, blood pressure, and temperature. Assessing vital signs involves evaluating factors like respiratory rate and depth, pulse rate and quality, skin color and temperature, and blood pressure. Together, vital signs give medical responders insight into a patient's condition to determine the best treatment and need for transport.
Vital signs are objective measures that provide health information. The four main vital signs are temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. Temperature is maintained by the hypothalamus and normal ranges are 97-99°F. Pulse is measured by feeling the radial artery and normal adult rates are 60-100 beats per minute. Respiration is measured by counting rises and falls of the chest and normal adult rates are 12-20 per minute. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and cuff and a normal reading is below 120/80 mmHg.
The document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure), including its causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It defines hypertension as blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg and describes how blood pressure is measured. It lists lifestyle factors, medical conditions, and family history that can cause hypertension. The diagnostic process and studies used to diagnose and monitor hypertension are summarized. Finally, common drug classes used to treat hypertension, such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics, are outlined along with lifestyle changes to prevent high blood pressure.
Control of blood pressure & the benefit of exerciseShazia Akram
Biology iGCSE, A level
Cambridge/edexel curriculum
Concise notes to understand how exercise has an affect on blood pressure. Includes brief mention about heart disease and treatment with stenting/CABG. Includes brief discussion about lifestyle factors.
Available in PDF and PPT versions.
Can i take this opportunity to thank everyone from whom iv
This document defines blood pressure and describes how it is measured and interpreted. It discusses the following key points:
1. Blood pressure is the force of blood against artery walls, produced by the pumping of the heart.
2. It is measured using a blood pressure cuff and stethoscope to listen for systolic and diastolic sounds.
3. Normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg, while readings above 140/90 mmHg indicate hypertension.
The document provides information on basic nursing skills including measuring vital signs, height and weight, and intake and output. It defines key terms, outlines procedures and safety considerations for taking temperature, pulse, respirations and blood pressure. Normal ranges for vital signs are provided. Guidelines and demonstrations for accurately measuring and recording height, weight, intake and output are also reviewed.
Aquis Search is an executive search firm specializing in finance, accounting, human resources, legal, compliance and risk sectors across Asia. They offer executive search, research and advisory, search and selection, and contract and payroll services to clients including financial institutions, law firms, and Fortune 500 companies. Aquis Search was established in 2009 and now has offices across Asia, focusing on recruiting specialists in compliance, finance and accounting, human resources, investment management, and legal fields to fill roles at all levels for their clients.
Please enjoy looking at some of the imagery I created during my 28 year career as President at PHOTOMEDIA.
You can connect to me presently at my Linked In account at: www.linkedin.com/pub/richard-kampas/6/636/815
Enjoy,
Richard Kampas
Syracuse, NY USA
Richard@G2CT.com
Methods of measurement of blood pressure in children.
Steps for accurate measurement and how to plot the measurement on charts and compare it with the normal blood pressure percentile with example.
This document discusses vital signs, which are measurements of temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It defines each vital sign and how it is measured. Normal ranges for adults are provided. Vital signs can be impacted by physical, psychological, disease, infection, trauma, and environmental factors and provide important indications of a patient's well-being and bodily systems.
Fundamental of Nursing 5. : Vital Signs Cont.Parya J. Ahmad
The document discusses vital signs including respiration, blood pressure, and sites for assessing temperature. It describes how to assess respiration by counting breaths per minute and evaluating rhythm and depth. Blood pressure is defined as the force required by the heart to pump blood, with systolic pressure occurring during heartbeats and diastolic pressure between beats. Methods for measuring blood pressure include the auscultatory method using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer as well as the palpatory method. Common sites for assessing temperature include the mouth, axilla, tympanic membrane, rectum, and bladder.
The pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls.
Blood pressure is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure is due to work done by the heart by pumping blood through the circulatory system. Used without further specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the pressure in large arteries of the systemic circulation.
This document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It defines normal ranges and factors that can affect each vital sign. Abnormalities are identified and interventions are outlined. Assessment techniques and sites are reviewed for each vital sign.
Vital signs are key physiological measurements that include body temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. They provide basic information about the functioning of major organ systems and can help detect medical issues. Normal ranges vary with age, but body temperature typically ranges from 36-37°C, pulse from 60-100 beats/minute, respiration from 12-20 breaths/minute, and blood pressure from 90/60 mmHg to 140/90 mmHg for adults. Abnormal vital signs can indicate conditions like fever, infection, shock, or hypotension and should be monitored closely.
This document discusses vital signs and pulse. It defines pulse as the expansion and recoil of arteries in response to heart pumping. Normal pulse is 60-100 beats/minute. Pulse is checked to assess heart rate, rhythm, and strength. Factors like age, sex, activity level can affect pulse. Common pulse sites include radial, carotid, apical. Proper technique is used to accurately count pulse for one minute.
Vital signs provide important health information. The most common vital signs measured are temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and respiration. Alterations in vital signs can indicate a need for further intervention. Personal care workers are responsible for accurately recording clients' vital signs according to workplace protocols and reporting any abnormalities to supervisors or medical professionals.
Vital signs include blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, BMI, and body temperature. Blood pressure is measured by the force of blood in the arteries and is written with the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure. Normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg, while hypertension is 140/90 mmHg or higher. Heart rate is the number of heart beats per minute and can be measured at different pulse points. Respiratory rate is the number of breaths per minute and is normally between 12-20 breaths per minute. BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight, and normal BMI is between 18.5-24.9. Body temperature is normally around 98-100°F, with
This document discusses vital signs and provides detailed information about assessing and interpreting blood pressure. It defines blood pressure and its components, describes the equipment used for measurement including sphygmomanometers and stethoscopes, identifies assessment sites on the body, explains Korotkoff sounds heard during measurement, outlines the procedure for taking a reading, and reviews factors that can affect blood pressure values. Abnormal readings and variations like auscultatory gaps are also addressed.
Vital signs
The four main vital signs routinely monitored by medical professionals and health care providers include the following:
Body temperature.
Pulse rate.
Respiration rate (rate of breathing)
Blood pressure
Vital signs provide important information about patients’ clinical condition and inform any required interventions
Inadequate response to deterioration is the most common cause of reported critical incidents
Nurses’ compliance with observation protocols can be poor, particularly at night
Peaks in observation frequency suggests the timing of observation is often driven by ward routines
Electronic vital signs devices and early warning score charts may increase vital signs measurements, but further research is needed
Vital signs are quick measurements that provide important information about a patient's status. The five standard vital signs are: blood pressure, pulse, respiration rate, body temperature, and pain. Blood pressure measures the force of blood flow, pulse measures heart rate, respiration rate measures breathing, temperature measures body heat, and pain is assessed due to its impact on other vital signs. Licensed medical professionals determine the meaning of vital signs, but they can be measured by any healthcare worker.
Vital signs provide important information about a patient's physiological status. They include level of consciousness, pupils, breathing, pulse, skin, blood pressure, and temperature. Assessing vital signs involves evaluating factors like respiratory rate and depth, pulse rate and quality, skin color and temperature, and blood pressure. Together, vital signs give medical responders insight into a patient's condition to determine the best treatment and need for transport.
Vital signs are objective measures that provide health information. The four main vital signs are temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. Temperature is maintained by the hypothalamus and normal ranges are 97-99°F. Pulse is measured by feeling the radial artery and normal adult rates are 60-100 beats per minute. Respiration is measured by counting rises and falls of the chest and normal adult rates are 12-20 per minute. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and cuff and a normal reading is below 120/80 mmHg.
The document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure), including its causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It defines hypertension as blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg and describes how blood pressure is measured. It lists lifestyle factors, medical conditions, and family history that can cause hypertension. The diagnostic process and studies used to diagnose and monitor hypertension are summarized. Finally, common drug classes used to treat hypertension, such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics, are outlined along with lifestyle changes to prevent high blood pressure.
Control of blood pressure & the benefit of exerciseShazia Akram
Biology iGCSE, A level
Cambridge/edexel curriculum
Concise notes to understand how exercise has an affect on blood pressure. Includes brief mention about heart disease and treatment with stenting/CABG. Includes brief discussion about lifestyle factors.
Available in PDF and PPT versions.
Can i take this opportunity to thank everyone from whom iv
This document defines blood pressure and describes how it is measured and interpreted. It discusses the following key points:
1. Blood pressure is the force of blood against artery walls, produced by the pumping of the heart.
2. It is measured using a blood pressure cuff and stethoscope to listen for systolic and diastolic sounds.
3. Normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg, while readings above 140/90 mmHg indicate hypertension.
The document provides information on basic nursing skills including measuring vital signs, height and weight, and intake and output. It defines key terms, outlines procedures and safety considerations for taking temperature, pulse, respirations and blood pressure. Normal ranges for vital signs are provided. Guidelines and demonstrations for accurately measuring and recording height, weight, intake and output are also reviewed.
Aquis Search is an executive search firm specializing in finance, accounting, human resources, legal, compliance and risk sectors across Asia. They offer executive search, research and advisory, search and selection, and contract and payroll services to clients including financial institutions, law firms, and Fortune 500 companies. Aquis Search was established in 2009 and now has offices across Asia, focusing on recruiting specialists in compliance, finance and accounting, human resources, investment management, and legal fields to fill roles at all levels for their clients.
Please enjoy looking at some of the imagery I created during my 28 year career as President at PHOTOMEDIA.
You can connect to me presently at my Linked In account at: www.linkedin.com/pub/richard-kampas/6/636/815
Enjoy,
Richard Kampas
Syracuse, NY USA
Richard@G2CT.com
The document contains messages of appreciation from fans in different cities who enjoyed an artist's music, performance, or event. Cherie from Roanoke, VA encourages the recipient to keep praising and being a witness. Casey from LaGrange, GA says listening to the artist's music turns their day around. Kaitlyn from Edmond, OK thanks the artist for making Girls Retreat fun and says they love the artist's CD. Dave from Moorseville, NC says the artist was awesome at The Cover and their whole family loved the performance, asking the artist to come back.
Aquis Search is a leading executive search firm specializing in finance, accounting, human resources, legal, compliance and risk sectors across Asia. They offer executive search, research and advisory, search and selection, and contract and payroll services. Their clients include large financial institutions, law firms, and Fortune 500 companies. Aquis Search was established in 2009 and now has offices across Asia. They help source specialist compliance, risk and legal talent to meet increasing regulatory demands.
Free Range Youth is a proposed new brand focused on empowering youth ages 13-25 by fostering confidence, freedom, resilience, positive change and entrepreneurial spirit. The logo and communications objectives aim to connect with youth around these ideas while also building trust with potential investors. The logo incorporates elements representing freedom, growth, and free range youth.
Simple 21 acts of kindness elementary students can do during the 21 Day Kindness Challenge. From holding to door open to making a new friend.
The 21 Day Kindness Challenge is a program for school grade K-12. The entire school site is asked try to do 5 acts of kindness every day for 21 school days. Find out more by visiting 21daykindnesschallenge.org
Specialized financial institutions (SFIs) play an important role in providing long-term financing to industry. SFIs include development banks established by the central and state governments. The key SFIs discussed are the Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI), State Financial Corporations (SFCs), and the Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI). IFCI provides long-term loans and other financial assistance to large corporate sector industries. SFCs focus on providing similar support to small and medium enterprises. IDBI acts as the apex development bank, coordinating and supporting the work of other financial institutions to promote industrial development.
Part 2 of a mini-portfolio of Richard's work from PHOTOMEDIA years. Enjoy!
You can reach me at my LinkedIn address:
www.linkedin.com/pub/richard-kampas/6/636/815/
To contact Neil Kampas, current President of Photomedia, go to his website at:
http://www.photomediarevolutions.com
Richard Kampas
Richard@G2CT.com
This document provides an introduction and overview of Android application development. It discusses what Android is, how to install the necessary development tools like Eclipse and the Android SDK, and covers Android application fundamentals such as the different application components and the Android manifest file. It also demonstrates how to create a simple "Hello World" Android application in Eclipse by setting up an Android virtual device, creating an Android project, writing the code, and running the app on the emulator.
This document discusses organizational development (OD). It defines OD as a planned, system-wide effort to apply behavioral science to improve organizational effectiveness. The document outlines the typical 7-step OD process: initial diagnosis, data collection, data feedback and confrontation, selection and design of interventions, implementation of interventions, action planning and problem solving, and team building and intergroup development. It provides details on activities at each step, such as using surveys to collect data and forming groups to review data and develop recommendations.
This short document does not provide any meaningful information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It consists of random letters and punctuation without any coherent words, phrases, or ideas.
This document describes an experiment that measures heart rate and blood pressure responses to cold stimulus. Baseline heart rate and blood pressure are recorded before immersing a foot in ice water. Immersing the foot activates the sympathetic nervous system, increasing heart rate and blood pressure. Maximum heart rate, time to reach maximum, and rebound heart rate are recorded from the graph. The experiment allows observation of sympathetic nervous system activation during cold exposure.
This document discusses heart rate and blood pressure as vital signs and their response to exercise. It begins by explaining that heart rate and blood pressure provide clues about a person's health and physiological state. The document then describes how measuring blood pressure became possible in the 19th century with the invention of the sphygmomanometer. Next, it defines systolic and diastolic blood pressure and explains how heart rate and blood pressure are interrelated and influenced by the autonomic nervous system. The document goes on to describe an experiment where subjects' heart rate and blood pressure are measured at baseline and after exposure to a cold stimulus to observe the body's fight or flight response. Finally, it discusses how exercise increases cardiac output and the heart
The document discusses how exercise affects the cardiovascular system. It explains that exercise causes an increase in heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure as the heart works to meet the increased demand of active muscles. Key measurements taken before and after exercise include systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures as well as heart rate. Comparing these values allows inferences about how cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance change with exercise.
1. The document discusses measuring vital signs like blood pressure and pulse to examine cardiovascular status. It describes how blood pressure is measured in the brachial artery using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.
2. The procedure for measuring blood pressure involves inflating the cuff above systolic pressure until the tapping sounds of blood flow are heard, then slowly deflating to get readings for systolic and diastolic pressure.
3. Pulse is measured by feeling the radial artery in the wrist and counting beats over 15 seconds. The document concludes by having students measure blood pressure and pulse at rest and after exercise on classmates, recording the data.
The document contains data tables and analysis of changes in vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, etc.) in response to cold water immersion and exercise. Key findings include:
1) Cold water immersion caused increases in systolic/diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate, preparing the body for "fight or flight."
2) Exercise similarly increased these vital signs. Cardiac output increased by 5,800 mL/min based on a stroke volume increase from 75 to 100 mL/beat and heart rate change.
3) Recovery heart rate returned to resting levels 20 seconds after reaching maximum, showing homeostasis mechanisms act more slowly than stress responses.
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance Get This Book!.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
Get This Book!
Page by: OpenStax
Summary
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
· Distinguish between systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure
· Describe the clinical measurement of pulse and blood pressure
· Identify and discuss five variables affecting arterial blood flow and blood pressure
· Discuss several factors affecting blood flow in the venous system
Blood flow refers to the movement of blood through a vessel, tissue, or organ, and is usually expressed in terms of volume of blood per unit of time. It is initiated by the contraction of the ventricles of the heart. Ventricular contraction ejects blood into the major arteries, resulting in flow from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure, as blood encounters smaller arteries and arterioles, then capillaries, then the venules and veins of the venous system. This section discusses a number of critical variables that contribute to blood flow throughout the body. It also discusses the factors that impede or slow blood flow, a phenomenon known as resistance.
As noted earlier, hydrostatic pressure is the force exerted by a fluid due to gravitational pull, usually against the wall of the container in which it is located. One form of hydrostatic pressure is blood pressure, the force exerted by blood upon the walls of the blood vessels or the chambers of the heart. Blood pressure may be measured in capillaries and veins, as well as the vessels of the pulmonary circulation; however, the term blood pressure without any specific descriptors typically refers to systemic arterial blood pressure—that is, the pressure of blood flowing in the arteries of the systemic circulation. In clinical practice, this pressure is measured in mm Hg and is usually obtained using the brachial artery of the arm.
Components of Arterial Blood Pressure
Arterial blood pressure in the larger vessels consists of several distinct components (Figure): systolic and diastolic pressures, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure.
Systolic and Diastolic Pressures
When systemic arterial blood pressure is measured, it is recorded as a ratio of two numbers (e.g., 120/80 is a normal adult blood pressure), expressed as systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure is the higher value (typically around 120 mm Hg) and reflects the arterial pressure resulting from the ejection of blood during ventricular contraction, or systole. The diastolic pressure is the lower value (usually about 80 mm Hg) and represents the arterial pressure of blood during ventricular relaxation, or diastole.
Systemic Blood Pressure
The graph shows the components of blood pressure throughout the blood vessels, including systolic, diastolic, mean arterial, and pulse pressures.
Pulse Pressure
As shown in Figure, the difference between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure is the pulse pressure. For example, an indivi ...
The document contains data tables and analysis of blood pressure and heart rate responses to exercise. Table 1 shows baseline blood pressure readings. Table 2 shows increases in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure after exercise. Table 3 lists heart rates at rest, maximum exertion, and recovery. Analysis explains trends of increased blood pressure and heart rate in response to exercise to increase cardiac output. Pulse pressure increases due to higher systolic pressure from exercise. Recovery time relates to fitness level. Congestive heart failure causes faster heart rates to compensate for weaker pumping. Medicines can regulate abnormal heart rates.
The document contains data tables and analysis of blood pressure and heart rate responses to exercise. Table 1 shows baseline blood pressure readings. Table 2 shows readings after exercise, with increases in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures. Table 3 lists heart rates at rest, maximum, and recovery. Analysis calculates changes in cardiac output and pulse pressure with exercise. It compares the subject's heart rates and recovery time to classmates and discusses expected responses in heart conditions like congestive heart failure.
The force of circulating blood on the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure is taken using two measurements: systolic (measured when the heart beats, when blood pressure is at its highest) and diastolic (measured between heart beats, when blood pressure is at its lowest).A blood pressure measurement is a test that measures the force (pressure) in your arteries as your heart pumps. Blood pressure is measured as two numbers: Systolic blood pressure (the first and higher number) measures pressure inside your arteries when the heart beats.
Experiment 1 measured changes in blood pressure and heart rate in response to cold stimulus. Applying ice to the foot caused systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures to increase. Heart rate reached its maximum within 15 seconds then began to decrease but did not return to resting levels. Experiment 2 examined changes with exercise, finding increases in blood pressure and heart rate. Pulse pressure, the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures, also increased due to exercise primarily affecting systolic pressure. Recovery time provided information about physical fitness levels.
Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer, which includes an inflatable cuff, pressure gauge, and stethoscope. The cuff is wrapped around the upper arm and inflated until the artery is compressed. As the cuff deflates slowly, sounds known as Korotkoff sounds can be heard through the stethoscope. The first sound indicates systolic pressure when the heart contracts, and the disappearance of sounds indicates diastolic pressure when the heart relaxes. Blood pressure provides important health information and is used to diagnose and monitor conditions like hypertension.
The document provides information on measuring blood pressure, including:
- Defining systolic and diastolic blood pressure as the pressure when the heart contracts and relaxes. Normal ranges are less than 120/80 mmHg.
- Explaining methods of measurement, including using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope on the brachial artery. Factors that can affect readings are also discussed."
This lab examines cardiovascular and respiratory variables like heart sounds and blood pressure. Students will listen to their partner's heart sounds at different areas of the chest to identify the four major sounds. They will also measure their partner's blood pressure using both palpation and auscultation methods at rest and while changing positions to observe postural effects. The document provides background on heart sounds, blood pressure components, and procedures for accurately measuring blood pressure.
The document discusses the physiology of the cardiovascular system, specifically arterial blood pressure. It defines blood pressure and its components, including systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure. It describes the functions of arterial blood pressure in maintaining tissue perfusion and capillary hydrostatic pressure. It also discusses various physiological variations in arterial blood pressure related to factors like age, sex, body region, meals, exercise, sleep, emotions, temperature, position, and respiration. Finally, it outlines the rapid mechanisms that regulate arterial blood pressure, including the baroreceptor feedback mechanism, chemoreceptor mechanism, central nervous system ischemic mechanism, adrenal medulla hormones, and antidiuretic hormone.
Normal arterial blood pressure ranges from 90-140/60-90 mmHg. Systolic pressure is the maximum pressure when blood is ejected from the heart, while diastolic is the minimum pressure when the heart is resting between beats. Mean arterial pressure, which averages 93 mmHg, is the main driving force for blood flow. Blood pressure is regulated through short term mechanisms like baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes which control heart rate and vascular tone, and long term factors like blood volume and vessel elasticity. Strict control of blood pressure is important to ensure adequate blood flow to vital organs.
This document discusses blood pressure measurement. It defines systolic and diastolic blood pressure as the maximum and minimum pressures in the arteries. It describes Korotkoff sounds which are used to measure blood pressure. It explains the normal blood pressure range and the different methods for measuring blood pressure directly and indirectly. It emphasizes the importance of properly maintaining equipment and using appropriate techniques for accurate measurement.
This document provides instructions on measuring and interpreting vital signs including temperature, respiration, pulse, and blood pressure. Key steps are outlined for properly measuring each vital sign, such as counting respirations for 15 seconds and multiplying by 4. Normal ranges are given for each sign with notes on abnormal readings. Blood pressure classification ranges from normal to hypertensive are also provided.
Cardiac output as you know is made up of heart rate and stroke volume. At rest, these are relatively constant however with exercise the heart beats faster, and more blood is pumped out with each beat. These factors both contribute to a rise in BP, as would any other factor that caused the heart to speed up
This document describes an experiment to measure changes in respiratory parameters in response to different physiological challenges: breath holding, rapid breathing, and exercise. The experiment uses a spirometer interfaced with a computer to collect tidal volume data before, during, and after each challenge. Key respiratory measurements - tidal volume, respiratory rate, and minute ventilation - are recorded and compared between the different conditions to observe how respiration is altered to maintain homeostasis in response to changes in carbon dioxide levels.
1. Computer
Heart Rate and Blood Pressure
10
as Vital Signs
Since the earliest days of medicine heart rate has been recognized as a vital sign—an indicator of
health, disease, excitement, and stress. Medical personnel use the heart rate to provide clues as to
the presence of many medical conditions. Reflex changes in heart rate are one of the body’s most
basic mechanisms for maintaining proper perfusion to the brain and other tissues. Low blood
volume caused by bleeding or dehydration results in the heart beating faster as it attempts to
maintain adequate blood pressure. Excitement, stress, and anxiety activate the nervous system,
which may also speed the heart rate and raise blood pressure.
By the second half of the 19th century a non-invasive method for measuring blood pressure had
been invented. Called a sphygmomanometer, this instrument is still in use today allowing us to
measure this important vital sign.
Blood pressure is a measure of the changing fluid pressure within the circulatory system. It
varies from a peak pressure produced by contraction of the left ventricle, to a low pressure,
which is maintained by closure of the aortic valve and elastic recoil of the arterial system. The
peak pressure is called systole, and the pressure that is maintained even while the left ventricle is
relaxing is called diastole.
Blood pressure and heart rate are interrelated, and both are influenced by the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems. Sympathetic activation raises blood pressure in addition to
pulse. After an initial activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the increase in blood
pressure stretches nerve fibers in the baroreceptors (see Figure 1). This results in a reflex
activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which, through actions opposite to those of the
sympathetic nervous system, helps to restore homeostasis.
In this experiment, you will observe how the heart and circulatory system respond to cold
stimulus applied peripherally. Cold will act as a noxious stimulus, activating the ―fight or flight‖
response through the sympathetic nervous system.
Figure 1
Human Physiology with Vernier 10 - 1
2. Heart Rate and Blood Pressure as Vital Signs
OBJECTIVES
In this experiment, you will
Obtain graphical representation of heart rate and blood pressure.
Compare heart rate and blood pressure before and after exposure to cold stimulus.
Observe an example of sympathetic nervous system activation (―fight or flight response‖).
MATERIALS
computer Vernier Blood Pressure Sensor
Vernier computer interface ice water bath
Logger Pro towel
Vernier Hand-Grip Heart Rate Monitor or saline solution in dropper bottle
Vernier Exercise Heart Rate Monitor (only for use with Exercise HR Monitor)
PROCEDURE
Part I Baseline Blood Pressure Determination
1. Connect the Blood Pressure Sensor to Channel 1 of the Vernier computer interface. There are
two rubber tubes connected to the pressure cuff. One tube has a black Luer-lock connector at
the end and the other tube has a bulb pump attached. Connect the Luer-lock connector to the
stem on the Blood Pressure Sensor with a gentle half turn if it is not already attached.
2. Open the file ―10a Heart Rate and BP‖ from the Human Physiology with
Vernier folder.
3. Attach the Blood Pressure cuff firmly around the upper arm, approximately
2 cm above the elbow. The two rubber hoses from the cuff should be
positioned over the biceps muscle (brachial artery) and not under the arm
(see Figure 2).
4. Have the subject sit quietly in a chair with forearms resting on his/her lap,
or on a table surface. The person having his or her blood pressure
measured must remain still during data collection; there should be no
movement of the arm or hand during measurements.
Figure 2
5. Click to begin data collection. Immediately begin to pump until the
cuff pressure reaches at least 160 mm Hg. Stop pumping. The cuff will slowly deflate and the
pressure will fall. During this time, the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures and the
pulse will be calculated by the software. These values will be displayed on the computer
screen. When the cuff pressure drops below 50 mm Hg, the program will stop calculating
blood pressure. At this point, you can terminate data collection by clicking . Release
the pressure from the cuff, but do not remove it.
6. Enter the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures in Table 1.
Part II Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Response to Cold
7. Connect the receiver module of the Heart Rate Monitor to Channel 2 of the Vernier computer
interface. Open the file ―10b Heart Rate and BP‖ from the Human Physiology with
Vernierfolder.
Human Physiology with Vernier 10 - 2
3. Heart Rate and Blood Pressure as Vital Signs
8. Set an ice water bath on the floor, next to the subject’s feet.
9. Prepare to collect data.
a. Sit in a chair.
b. Prepare to submerge your foot in the ice water bath by removing your shoe and sock.
c. Position your foot adjacent to the ice water bath, but do not put it in the bath yet.
10. Set up the Heart Rate Monitor. Follow the directions for your type of Heart Rate Monitor.
Using a Hand-Grip Heart Rate Monitor
a. The receiver and one of the handles are marked with a
white alignment arrow as shown in Figure 3. Locate
these two arrows.
b. Have the subject grasp the handles of the Hand-Grip
Heart Rate Monitor so that their fingers are in the
reference areas indicated in Figure 4. Hold the handles
vertically.
c. Have someone else hold the receiver near the handles
so that the two alignment arrows are pointing in the
same direction and are at approximately the same Figure 3 Figure 4
height as shown in Figure 3.Note: The receiver must
stay within 60 cm of the handles during data collection.
11. With the subject sitting quietly, click to begin data collection.
a. At 40 s, instruct the subject to submerge his/her foot in the ice water bath.
b. Immediately pump the bulb pump of the Blood Pressure Sensor until the cuff pressure
reaches at least 160 mm Hg. Stop pumping.
c. At 70 s instruct the subject to remove his/her foot from the ice water bath.
d. As data collection continues, the cuff will slowly deflate and the pressure will fall. During
this time, the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures will be calculated by the
software. When the cuff pressure drops below 50 mm Hg, the program will stop
calculating blood pressure.
e. The subject should remain seated and allow data collection to continue for the full 240 s
data-collection period.
12. Enter the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures in Table 2.
13. Click and drag over the area of the heart rate graph where the resting (―baseline‖) heart rate
is displayed (15–40 s). Click the Statistics button, . The Statistics box will appear with the
statistics calculated for the selected region. Record the mean resting heart rate, to the nearest
whole number, in Table 3.
Human Physiology with Vernier 10 - 3
4. Heart Rate and Blood Pressure as Vital Signs
14. Move the statistics brackets to highlight the region of the graph beginning at 40 s (when the
foot was immersed in the ice water bath) and ending at the first peak (see Figure 6). Record
the maximum heart rate value to the nearest whole number in Table 3. In the corresponding
Time column record (to the nearest whole number) the x value displayed at the lower left
corner of the graph.
Figure 6 Figure 7
15. Move the Statistics brackets to enclose the region of the graph beginning at the first peak and
ending at the lowest point in the valley that follows (see Figure 7). Record the minimum
heart rate value to the nearest whole number as the Rebound heart rate in Table 3. Record the
x value in the corresponding Time column.
Human Physiology with Vernier 10 - 4
5. Heart Rate and Blood Pressure as Vital Signs
DATA
Table 1–Baseline Blood Pressure
Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure Mean arterial pressure
(mm Hg) (mm Hg) (mm Hg)
124 73 107
Table 2–Blood Pressure Response to Cold
Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure Mean arterial pressure
(mm Hg) (mm Hg) (mm Hg)
81 143
Table 3
Heart rate Time
Condition
(bpm) (s)
Resting heart rate 112.8
Maximum heart rate 123 65
Rebound heart rate 102.6 95
DATA ANALYSIS
1. Describe the trends that occurred in the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial
pressure, and heart rate with cold stimulus. How might these responses be useful in a ―fight
or flight‖ situation?
It went up, the mean arterial pressure went up, and the heart rate went up as well. This could help
you in a fight or flight situation because it makes you more alert and aware
2. As a vital sign, blood pressure is an indicator of general health. A high blood pressure
(140/90 or higher) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and strokes. Collect the
systolic and diastolic pressures for the class and calculate the average for each. Rate the class
average blood pressure using the follow scale:
Average blood pressure ice: 143/84 normal: 114/69
Blood Pressure Category
140/90 or higher High
120–139/80–89 Pre-hypertension
Human Physiology with Vernier 10 - 5
6. Heart Rate and Blood Pressure as Vital Signs
119/79 or below Normal
Human Physiology with Vernier 10 - 6
7. Heart Rate and Blood Pressure as Vital Signs
3. How long after immersion did your heart rate reach its maximum value? Explain the
physiologic mechanism that led to this change in heart rate.
65 seconds. A sympathetic response
4. Describe the changes in heart rate that occurred after the maximum value. How can you
explain the minimum heart rate value? How would you explain the heart rate variations seen
in the remainder of the experiment?
When the ice i3 involved the heart rate goes up and when removed it goes back down
5. How long after the maximum heart rate did it take to arrive at your rebound heart rate? What
can you say about the relative speed of physiologic response to a stimulus vs. the speed of
mechanisms that are designed to maintain homeostasis?
95 seconds. We respond faster then change
6. If the heart rate is too slow there is inadequate blood pressure to maintain perfusion to the
brain. This can lead to loss of consciousness (fainting). Keeping in mind the autonomic
nervous system responses that you observed in this experiment, explain the sequence of
events that results in a severely frightened person fainting.
If the bp changes too fast and drops the person would lose consciousness
Human Physiology with Vernier 10 - 7